ABBREVIATION🆚ACRONYM
This is a fine distinction that some consider nitpicking. Terms such as FBI, HMO, and NAACP, although widely called acronyms, are actually abbreviations.
The difference is in how they are spoken.
🔸An abbreviation, also called an initialism, is pronounced letter by letter.
🔹An acronym is pronounced as if it were a word.
🔸The abbreviation FBI is pronounced “eff-bee-eye.”
🔹The acronym NASA is pronounced “nassa.”
#Vocabulary
#Confusing_words
#VS
@PMPerfect1
This is a fine distinction that some consider nitpicking. Terms such as FBI, HMO, and NAACP, although widely called acronyms, are actually abbreviations.
The difference is in how they are spoken.
🔸An abbreviation, also called an initialism, is pronounced letter by letter.
🔹An acronym is pronounced as if it were a word.
🔸The abbreviation FBI is pronounced “eff-bee-eye.”
🔹The acronym NASA is pronounced “nassa.”
#Vocabulary
#Confusing_words
#VS
@PMPerfect1
ADAPT 🆚 ADOPT
⚫️ TO ADAPT is to take something and change it for a special purpose.
• A screenwriter adapts a book to make it work as a movie.
• An organism adapts (itself) to a new environment.
⚪️ TO ADOPT is to take something and use it or make it your own.
• A government adopts a different policy.
• A family adopts an orphan.
#Vocabulary
#VS
@PMPerfect1
⚫️ TO ADAPT is to take something and change it for a special purpose.
• A screenwriter adapts a book to make it work as a movie.
• An organism adapts (itself) to a new environment.
⚪️ TO ADOPT is to take something and use it or make it your own.
• A government adopts a different policy.
• A family adopts an orphan.
#Vocabulary
#VS
@PMPerfect1
WINK 🆚 BLINK
😉Wink = to close and open one eye quickly to communicate something or show that something is a secret or joke
😌Blink = to shut and open your eyes quickly
#Vocabulary
#Confusing_words
#VS
@PMPerfect1
😉Wink = to close and open one eye quickly to communicate something or show that something is a secret or joke
😌Blink = to shut and open your eyes quickly
#Vocabulary
#Confusing_words
#VS
@PMPerfect1
ADVERSE 🆚 AVERSE
⚫️ ADVERSE : unfavorable
•
⚪️ AVERSE : not fond of; seeking to avoid
•
#Vocabulary
#Confusing_words
#Homonyms
#VS
@PMPerfect1
⚫️ ADVERSE : unfavorable
•
an adverse reaction to the medication.⚪️ AVERSE : not fond of; seeking to avoid
•
averse to risk.#Vocabulary
#Confusing_words
#Homonyms
#VS
@PMPerfect1
✨AID 🆚 AIDE✨
• An aid is a thing that helps.
• An aide is a living helper or assistant.
🍃His aide brought first aid.
✨AIL 🆚 ALE✨
• Ail: to be ill.
• Ale: an alcoholic beverage.
✨AISLE 🆚 ISLE✨
• Aisle: a corridor.
• Isle: an island.
✨ALL READY 🆚 ALREADY✨
• All ready means that everything or everyone is now ready.
• Already refers to something accomplished earlier.
🍃We already ate.
#Vocabulary
#confusing_words
#Homonyms
#VS
@PMPerfect1
• An aid is a thing that helps.
• An aide is a living helper or assistant.
🍃His aide brought first aid.
✨AIL 🆚 ALE✨
• Ail: to be ill.
• Ale: an alcoholic beverage.
✨AISLE 🆚 ISLE✨
• Aisle: a corridor.
• Isle: an island.
✨ALL READY 🆚 ALREADY✨
• All ready means that everything or everyone is now ready.
• Already refers to something accomplished earlier.
🍃We already ate.
#Vocabulary
#confusing_words
#Homonyms
#VS
@PMPerfect1
✨ALL TOGETHER 🆚 ALTOGETHER✨
• All together: in a group
🍃 We’re all together in this.
• Altogether: entirely
🍃It is not altogether his fault.
#Vocabulary
#confusing_words
#Homonyms
#VS
@PMPerfect1
• All together: in a group
🍃 We’re all together in this.
• Altogether: entirely
🍃It is not altogether his fault.
#Vocabulary
#confusing_words
#Homonyms
#VS
@PMPerfect1
✨ALLUDE 🆚 ELUDE 🆚 REFER✨
• Allude means “to mention indirectly.”
⚠️Do not confuse allude with refer.
If we say, “Good old Joe is here,” we refer to Joe.
If we say, “That man with the ready laugh is here,” we allude to Joe, but we never mention his name.
• Allude is also sometimes confused with elude, which means “to escape” or “avoid capture.”
#Vocabulary
#confusing_words
#Homonyms
#VS
@PMPerfect1
• Allude means “to mention indirectly.”
⚠️Do not confuse allude with refer.
If we say, “Good old Joe is here,” we refer to Joe.
If we say, “That man with the ready laugh is here,” we allude to Joe, but we never mention his name.
• Allude is also sometimes confused with elude, which means “to escape” or “avoid capture.”
#Vocabulary
#confusing_words
#Homonyms
#VS
@PMPerfect1
SO DO I 🆚 ME TOO
Both SO DO I and ME TOO are used as a response to simple statements. The statements must be positive (without the word “no” or “not”).
SO DO I is more formal, while ME TOO is more informal.
💢ME TOO 💢
ME TOO is more informal. It is used in casual conversation.
🍁• I love ice cream.
• Me too.
🍁• I slept so well last night.
• Me too.
🍁• I think I’ll order the chicken.
• Me too.
🤔What about negative sentences?
For these,we say ME NEITHER.
🍁• I can’t dance.
• Me neither.
🍁• I didn’t sleep well last night.
• Me neither.
🍁• I’m not ordering dessert.
• Me neither.
💢 SO DO I 💢
SO DO I is more formal. It is used in writing, in more formal conversations, and in presentations.
🍁• I love the book “The Sun Also Rises”.
• So do I.
🍁• I think she did an excellent job on his presentation.
• So do I.
✨SO + [WORD] + I✨
Note that we can use SO + [WORD] + I/SUBJECT with other positive statements. The middle word must match the verb or verbs of the first statement.
✨Use DID if the original positive statement is in the simple past.
🍁• I loved the book Charlotte’s Web when I was a child.
• So did I.
🍁• I thought he did an excellent job in the interview.
• So did I.
✨Use a MODAL if the original statement uses a modal.
🍁• I could order another glass of wine.
• So could I.
🍁• I can touch my toes.
• So can Sarah.
🍁• He can speak French.
• So can I.
✨Use WILL if the original statement uses the simple future.
🍁• I think I will go to bed.
• So will I.
🍁• I think I will study Mathematics in college.
• So will Janet.
✨Use the BE VERB with be + ing statements.
🍁• I am going camping this weekend.
• So am I!
🍁• He is going to UC Davis this fall.
• So are Jill and Thomas.
💢 Negative statements 💢
🤔What about negative statements?
We cannot use SO DO I or its variations. We must use NEITHER.
✨Use the form NEITHER + [VERB/MODAL] + SUBJECT.
Make sure that the verb or modal from the original statement matches the verb/modal in the “neither” statement.
🍁• I can’t dance.
• Neither can I.
🍁• I didn’t sleep well last night.
• Neither did I.
🍁• I’m not ordering dessert.
• Neither am I.
#Grammar
#VS
@PMPerfect1
Both SO DO I and ME TOO are used as a response to simple statements. The statements must be positive (without the word “no” or “not”).
SO DO I is more formal, while ME TOO is more informal.
💢ME TOO 💢
ME TOO is more informal. It is used in casual conversation.
🍁• I love ice cream.
• Me too.
🍁• I slept so well last night.
• Me too.
🍁• I think I’ll order the chicken.
• Me too.
🤔What about negative sentences?
For these,we say ME NEITHER.
🍁• I can’t dance.
• Me neither.
🍁• I didn’t sleep well last night.
• Me neither.
🍁• I’m not ordering dessert.
• Me neither.
💢 SO DO I 💢
SO DO I is more formal. It is used in writing, in more formal conversations, and in presentations.
🍁• I love the book “The Sun Also Rises”.
• So do I.
🍁• I think she did an excellent job on his presentation.
• So do I.
✨SO + [WORD] + I✨
Note that we can use SO + [WORD] + I/SUBJECT with other positive statements. The middle word must match the verb or verbs of the first statement.
✨Use DID if the original positive statement is in the simple past.
🍁• I loved the book Charlotte’s Web when I was a child.
• So did I.
🍁• I thought he did an excellent job in the interview.
• So did I.
✨Use a MODAL if the original statement uses a modal.
🍁• I could order another glass of wine.
• So could I.
🍁• I can touch my toes.
• So can Sarah.
🍁• He can speak French.
• So can I.
✨Use WILL if the original statement uses the simple future.
🍁• I think I will go to bed.
• So will I.
🍁• I think I will study Mathematics in college.
• So will Janet.
✨Use the BE VERB with be + ing statements.
🍁• I am going camping this weekend.
• So am I!
🍁• He is going to UC Davis this fall.
• So are Jill and Thomas.
💢 Negative statements 💢
🤔What about negative statements?
We cannot use SO DO I or its variations. We must use NEITHER.
✨Use the form NEITHER + [VERB/MODAL] + SUBJECT.
Make sure that the verb or modal from the original statement matches the verb/modal in the “neither” statement.
🍁• I can’t dance.
• Neither can I.
🍁• I didn’t sleep well last night.
• Neither did I.
🍁• I’m not ordering dessert.
• Neither am I.
#Grammar
#VS
@PMPerfect1
Incite 🆚 Insight
🔸 Insight
(pronounced IN – site) is a noun that means an in-depth understanding:
✏️ Example
• The biography offered many insights into the life of a famous artist.
• The research will provide insight into the development of the brain.
• She has lived in Mongolia for 30 years, and has valuable insight into the local culture.
🔸 Incite
(pronounced in – SITE) is a verb that means to provoke to action. It is often used for provoking violent actions such as hatred, riots, and rebellion.
✏️ Example
• The community leader’s angry words incited a riot.
• Social media is sometimes used to incite hatred of religious minorities.
#Vocabulary
#Homophones
#VS
@PMPerfect1
🔸 Insight
(pronounced IN – site) is a noun that means an in-depth understanding:
✏️ Example
• The biography offered many insights into the life of a famous artist.
• The research will provide insight into the development of the brain.
• She has lived in Mongolia for 30 years, and has valuable insight into the local culture.
🔸 Incite
(pronounced in – SITE) is a verb that means to provoke to action. It is often used for provoking violent actions such as hatred, riots, and rebellion.
✏️ Example
• The community leader’s angry words incited a riot.
• Social media is sometimes used to incite hatred of religious minorities.
#Vocabulary
#Homophones
#VS
@PMPerfect1
✨AD 🆚 ADD✨
• Ad: short for “advertisement.”
• Add: to include; to perform addition.
✨ADAPT 🆚 ADOPT✨
• To adapt is to take something and change it for a special purpose.
🍃A screenwriter adapts a book to make it work as a movie.
🍃An organism adapts (itself) to a new environment.
• To adopt is to take something and use it or make it your own.
🍃A government adopts a different policy.
🍃A family adopts an orphan.
#Vocabulary
#confusing_words
#Homonyms
#VS
@PMPerfect1
• Ad: short for “advertisement.”
• Add: to include; to perform addition.
✨ADAPT 🆚 ADOPT✨
• To adapt is to take something and change it for a special purpose.
🍃A screenwriter adapts a book to make it work as a movie.
🍃An organism adapts (itself) to a new environment.
• To adopt is to take something and use it or make it your own.
🍃A government adopts a different policy.
🍃A family adopts an orphan.
#Vocabulary
#confusing_words
#Homonyms
#VS
@PMPerfect1
✨ AFFECT 🆚 EFFECT ✨
• Affect :
~ as a verb means “to influence”
🍃It affected me strangely.
~ as a noun, it is a technical term used in psychology to describe someone’s emotional state.
• Effect :
~ as a noun means “result”
🍃It had a strange effect on me.
~ as a verb, it means “to bring about” or “to cause”
🍃He’s trying to effect change in government.
#Vocabulary
#confusing_words
#Homonyms
#VS
@PMPerfect1
• Affect :
~ as a verb means “to influence”
🍃It affected me strangely.
~ as a noun, it is a technical term used in psychology to describe someone’s emotional state.
• Effect :
~ as a noun means “result”
🍃It had a strange effect on me.
~ as a verb, it means “to bring about” or “to cause”
🍃He’s trying to effect change in government.
#Vocabulary
#confusing_words
#Homonyms
#VS
@PMPerfect1
✨ALL TOGETHER 🆚
ALTOGETHER✨
• All together: in a group
🍃 We’re all together in this.
• Altogether: entirely
🍃 It is not altogether his fault.
#Vocabulary
#confusing_words
#Homonyms
#VS
@PMPerfect1
ALTOGETHER✨
• All together: in a group
🍃 We’re all together in this.
• Altogether: entirely
🍃 It is not altogether his fault.
#Vocabulary
#confusing_words
#Homonyms
#VS
@PMPerfect1
Anyhow 🆚 somehow
❎Incorrect: He did it anyhow.
✅Correct: He managed to do it somehow.
❎Incorrect: He keeps his things somehow in his desk.
✅Correct: He keeps his things anyhow in his desk. (= He doesn’t keep his
things in order.)
❎Incorrect: He may not come but somehow I shall.
✅Correct: He may not come but anyhow I shall. (= I will certainly come.)
#VS
#Vocabulary
@PMPerfect1
❎Incorrect: He did it anyhow.
✅Correct: He managed to do it somehow.
❎Incorrect: He keeps his things somehow in his desk.
✅Correct: He keeps his things anyhow in his desk. (= He doesn’t keep his
things in order.)
❎Incorrect: He may not come but somehow I shall.
✅Correct: He may not come but anyhow I shall. (= I will certainly come.)
Use 'anyhow' to mean 'in disorder'. ‘Anyhow’ can also mean 'for certain'.
#VS
#Vocabulary
@PMPerfect1
Inpatient 👉🏻 someone who stays in a hospital while they receive treatment
Outpatient 👉🏻 someone who goes to a hospital for treatment but does not stay for the night
Impatient 👉🏻 someone who is annoyed because of delays, someone else’s mistakes etc
#Vocabulary
#VS
@PMPerfect1
Outpatient 👉🏻 someone who goes to a hospital for treatment but does not stay for the night
Impatient 👉🏻 someone who is annoyed because of delays, someone else’s mistakes etc
#Vocabulary
#VS
@PMPerfect1
💢 Verbs often confused 💢
✗ Don't say: The teacher accepted to go with us.
✓ Say: The teacher agreed to go with us.
▪️ Accept means to take something that is offered to you.
• Maria accepted the bunch of flowers.
It also means to believe something you're told:
• Ken accepted his explanation.
▪️Agree to means to do what one is asked to do:
• David agreed to come to London on Monday
But agree with means to have the same opinion as someone else.
• The Long family never agree with each other.
🏷 Note:
We agree with a person, but to a thing.
• I agree with Luke, but I can't agree to this plan.
#Vocabulary
#VS
@PMPerfect1
Accept 🆚 Agree✗ Don't say: The teacher accepted to go with us.
✓ Say: The teacher agreed to go with us.
▪️ Accept means to take something that is offered to you.
• Maria accepted the bunch of flowers.
It also means to believe something you're told:
• Ken accepted his explanation.
▪️Agree to means to do what one is asked to do:
• David agreed to come to London on Monday
But agree with means to have the same opinion as someone else.
• The Long family never agree with each other.
🏷 Note:
We agree with a person, but to a thing.
• I agree with Luke, but I can't agree to this plan.
#Vocabulary
#VS
@PMPerfect1