#Head and Neck .

#Lecture10.

#Muscles_of_the_face...☆

^_^#Occipital_Frontalis_Muscle.

#Origin:-
Occipital belly from highest nuchal line.

Frontal belly from the skin and superficial fascia of the eyebrows.

#Insertion:-
Both bellies are inserted into epicranial aponeurosis.

#Nerve supply:-
Occipital belly from posterior auricular branch of facial nerve and frontal belly from temporal branch of facial nerve.

#Action:-
Moves the superficial 3 layers together and elevate the eyebrows ; tighten the epicranial aponewrosis.






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^_^#Orbicularis Oculi Muscle.

#Has three parts:-
1)-orbital part.
2)-palpebral part.
3)-lacrimal part.

#Origin:-
Medial palpebral ligament and adjoming bones.

#Insertion:-
1)-orbital part:-
Makes a loop and retums to origin.

2)-palpebral part:-
Lateral palpebral raphe ligament.

3)-lacrimal part:-
Lacrimal sac.

#Nerve supply:-
Facial nerve.

#Action:-
1)-orbital part:-
Forced closure of the eyelids (protection).

2)-palpebral part:-
Light closure of the eyelids (blinking).

3)-lacrimal part:-
Dilates the lacrimal sac (to drain tears).

#The whole muscle :-
Contracts reflexly to protect the eyes aganist any danger.






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^_^#Orbicules The oral orifice within the lips.

#Origin:-
Maxillae.
Mandible.
Skin.

#Insertion:-
Encircles the oral orifice.

#Nerve supply:-
Buccal and mandibular branches of facial nerve.

#Action:-
Compresses the lip together.






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#Head and Neck.

#lecture11.

^_^#Buccinator muscle...☆

#Origin:-
Outer surface of the alveolar margins of maxilla and mandible opposite the molar teeth and pterygmandibular raphe (ligament).

#Insertion:-
Upper fibers enter the upper lip to be attached to fibers of opposite site.
Lower fibers enter the lowe lip to be attached to fibers of opposite site.
Middle fibers decussate at the angle of the mouth and form the orbicularis oris muscle.

#Nerve supply:-
Becca branch of facial nerve.

#Action:-
Compresses the cheeks lips against the teeth.

"This muscle is #pierced_by_the_duct_of_the_parotid_salivary_gland.







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#MUSCLES_OF_MASTICATION...☆

#General rules:-
They include 4 muscles:-
1)-.Masseter m.
2)-Temporalis m.
3)-Med.pterygoid m.
4)-Lat.pterygoid m.

#Origin:-
They arise from the temporal & infratemporal fossae m

#Insertion:-
They all are inserted into the ramus of the mandible.

#N.Supply:-
They all are supplied by the mandibular n.

#Action:-
1)-all of them elevate the mandbile excepet lat.pterygoid which lower it.

2)-all of them protrude the mandible except temporalis which retracts it.

3)-the pterygoid muscles move the mandible from side to side (chewing).






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#Masseter m.

#Origin:-
Lower border and inner surface of the zygomayic arch.

#Insertion:-
Lateral aspect of the rsmus of the mandible.

#Nerve supply:-
Anterior division of the mandibular nerve.

#Action:-
Elevation and protraction of the mandible.






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#Head and Neck.

#lecture12.

#Temporalis m.

#Origin:-
Floor of temporal fossa and deep surface of temporal fascia and inferior temporal line.

#Insertion:-
Coronoid process and anterior border of ramus of mandible.

#Nerve supply:-
Deep temporal nerve (from and the anterior division of mandibular nerve).

#Action:-
Elevation and retraction of the mandible.






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#Medial pterygoid m.

#Origin:-
*superficial head:-
From maxillary tubrerosity.

*deep head:-
From the medial surface of the lateral pterygoid plate.

#Insertion:-
Medial surface of the angle of the mandible.

#Nerve supply:-
Main trunk of the mandible nerve.

#Action:-
Helps in elevation of mandible ; protraction of the mandible and side to side movement.






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#Lateral pterygoid m.

#Origin:-
*upper head:-
Form the infratemporal surface of the greater wing of sphenoid bone.

*lower head:-
From the lateral surface of the lateral pterygoid plate.

#Insertion:-
Anterior aspect of the neck of the mandible and the articular disc of the tempro-mandible joint.

#Nerve supply:-
Anterior division of mandibular nerve.

#Action:-
Puls the head of mandible forword during opening of the mouth (help I deression of mandible).
Protracts the mandible and side to side movemes it (chewing).






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#Stemo_cleidomastoid m.

#Origin:-

Upper border of manubrium sterni and medial third of upper surface of clavicle.

#Insertion:-

Mastoid process and lateral third of the superior nuchat line.

#Nerve supply:-
Spinal accessory nerve (motor) and C 2 , 3 (proprioceptive).

#Action:-

Both muscle external the fronto_occipital joint and flex the other cervical intervertebral joint one muscle tums the head to make the face look.
Upward and to the opposite side on fixotion of insertic of the muscle to act as accessory muscle of in spiration.






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#Trapezius muscle .

#Origin:-

Medial third of superior nuchal line , external occipital protubrance , ligament nuchae , 7 th cervical spine and all the thoracic spines.

#Insertion:-

Lateral third of clavicle , acromion process and spine of scapula.

#Nerve supply:-

Spinal accessory nerve (motor) and C 3 , 4 (proprioceptive).

#Action:-

Both muscle external the neck.

Upper fibers Of one side lateral flex the neck.

Upper fibers #elevate the shoulder.

Middle fibers #retract the shoulde.

Lower fibers #depress the shoulder.







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#Head and Neck...
#lecture14 ...

#platysma_muscle :-

#Origin :-

Superficial fascia of the upper part of thorax (covering pectoralis major and deltoid ) is thin and broad muscle.

#Insertion :-

Lower broad of the mandible.

#Nerve supply :-

Cervical branch of facial nerve.

#Action :-

Depression of the mandible and angle of the mouth.




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@KDentistry

#Splenius_capitis_muscle :-

#Origin :-

Lower part of ligamentum nuchae.
Upper eourthoraci spines.

#Insertion :-

Mastoid process and outer part of superior nuchae line.

#Nerve supply :-

Segmental innervation from the dorsal rami of spinal nerve.

#Action :-

Extension of the neck.



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@KDentistry

#Levator_scapulae_muscle :-

#Origin :-

Transverse processes of upper four cervical vertebrae.

#Insertion :-

Upper part of medial border of scapula.

#Nerve supply :-

C3,4 and border scapula nerve C5.

#Action :-

Elevation of scapula.



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@KDentistry