Forwarded from Russian MFA 🇷🇺
#InMemoriam #InMemoryOfDiplomats
1️⃣5️⃣0️⃣ years ago, on July 17, 1876, Maxim Litvinov — the outstanding Soviet statesman and diplomat — was born.
For many years, Maxim Litvinov held senior positions within our country’s Foreign Ministry. In 1920, he was appointed Plenipotentiary Representative to Estonia. From 1921 to 1930, he served as Deputy People’s Commissar for Foreign Affairs.
He took part in a number of major international conferences and meetings, including the Genoa and Hague Conferences of 1922.
💼 Maxim Litvinov headed the People’s Commissariat for Foreign Affairs of the USSR during the challenging period from 1930 to 1939.
He represented the Soviet Union in the League of Nations, where he consistently promoted the principles of international cooperation, the equality of states and respect for international law.
Litvinov was meticulously working on development of relations between the Soviet Union and the United States. He was involved in the negotiations that resulted the establishment of official diplomatic ties between our countries in 1933 — a landmark event in the history of bilateral ties.
Litvinov was committed to establishing a system of collective security in Europe and forming an anti-fascist coalition in Europe amid growing Nazi menace on the continent.
His contemporaries noted Litvinov’s ability to combine the persistant protection of the USSR's national interests with a readiness for constructive international dialogue. His prophetic words, spoken during a session of the League of Nations in 1935, continue to resonate with the principles of Russian diplomacy today:
During the #GreatPatrioticWar, Maxim Litvinov served as Deputy People’s Commissar for Foreign Affairs of the USSR. From 1941 to 1943, he was the Soviet Ambassador to the United States, while concurrently serving as the Soviet envoy to Cuba from 1942 to 1943.
🌟 He made a significant contribution to strengthening the anti-Hitler coalition — #WeWereAllies.
Throughout his service in senior government and diplomatic posts, Litvinov distinguished himself as a gifted diplomat, an experienced negotiator and a firm defender of his country’s interests. His professionalism, profound knowledge of international affairs and personal contribution to the development of the Soviet diplomatic service earned him widespread recognition both in the USSR and abroad.
In recognition of his many years of public service and his substantial contribution to Soviet diplomacy, Litvinov was awarded the Order of Lenin, the Order of the Red Banner of Labour and other state decorations of the USSR.
🕯 Maxim Litvinov passed away on 31 December 1951. He found his final rest at Novodevichy Cemetery in Moscow.
#HistoryOfDiplomacy
1️⃣5️⃣0️⃣ years ago, on July 17, 1876, Maxim Litvinov — the outstanding Soviet statesman and diplomat — was born.
For many years, Maxim Litvinov held senior positions within our country’s Foreign Ministry. In 1920, he was appointed Plenipotentiary Representative to Estonia. From 1921 to 1930, he served as Deputy People’s Commissar for Foreign Affairs.
He took part in a number of major international conferences and meetings, including the Genoa and Hague Conferences of 1922.
💼 Maxim Litvinov headed the People’s Commissariat for Foreign Affairs of the USSR during the challenging period from 1930 to 1939.
He represented the Soviet Union in the League of Nations, where he consistently promoted the principles of international cooperation, the equality of states and respect for international law.
Litvinov was meticulously working on development of relations between the Soviet Union and the United States. He was involved in the negotiations that resulted the establishment of official diplomatic ties between our countries in 1933 — a landmark event in the history of bilateral ties.
Litvinov was committed to establishing a system of collective security in Europe and forming an anti-fascist coalition in Europe amid growing Nazi menace on the continent.
His contemporaries noted Litvinov’s ability to combine the persistant protection of the USSR's national interests with a readiness for constructive international dialogue. His prophetic words, spoken during a session of the League of Nations in 1935, continue to resonate with the principles of Russian diplomacy today:
💬 Peace is indivisible… It is time to recognise that no country can enjoy security within its own peaceful and tranquil sphere unless peace is also guaranteed for its neighbours, both near and far.
During the #GreatPatrioticWar, Maxim Litvinov served as Deputy People’s Commissar for Foreign Affairs of the USSR. From 1941 to 1943, he was the Soviet Ambassador to the United States, while concurrently serving as the Soviet envoy to Cuba from 1942 to 1943.
Throughout his service in senior government and diplomatic posts, Litvinov distinguished himself as a gifted diplomat, an experienced negotiator and a firm defender of his country’s interests. His professionalism, profound knowledge of international affairs and personal contribution to the development of the Soviet diplomatic service earned him widespread recognition both in the USSR and abroad.
In recognition of his many years of public service and his substantial contribution to Soviet diplomacy, Litvinov was awarded the Order of Lenin, the Order of the Red Banner of Labour and other state decorations of the USSR.
🕯 Maxim Litvinov passed away on 31 December 1951. He found his final rest at Novodevichy Cemetery in Moscow.
#HistoryOfDiplomacy
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Forwarded from МИД России 🇷🇺
#ПамятиДипломатов
🗓 18 июля 1909 года родился Андрей Андреевич Громыко — государственный и политический деятель, выдающийся советский дипломат, Министр иностранных дел СССР в 1957–1985 годах.
Громыко вошёл в историю отечественной дипломатической службы как непреклонный защитник национальных интересов нашей страны, прозванный оппонентами «Господин Нет» за твёрдость при отстаивании позиций Москвы на международной арене.
Андрей Андреевич руководил советской дипломатией в течение 28 лет.
В период идеологического противостояния и напряжённости между НАТО и Организацией Варшавского договора Громыко принимал участие в предотвращении многих глобальных конфликтов. Дипломат проводил политику нормализации отношений с США и Западом, способствовал разоружению, закреплению послевоенных границ в Европе, разрядке напряжённости.
Громыко внёс значительный вклад в достижение стратегической стабильности между СССР и США — были подписаны важные документы в сфере разоружения, способствовавшие «разрядке» — Договор о запрещении испытаний ядерного оружия (1963), Договор о нераспространении ядерного оружия (1968), Соглашения по ПРО и ОСВ-1 (1972–1973), ОСВ-2 (1979).
В ходе Карибского кризиса 1962 года усилия Громыко помогли достичь компромисса и избежать глобальной ядерной катастрофы. Он участвовал в арабо-израильских переговорах в Женеве (1973), проводившихся при посредничестве СССР и США, способствовал предотвращению широкомасштабной войны между Индией и Пакистаном (1966).
Андрей Андреевич является одним из наиболее авторитетных деятелей мировой политики XX столетия. Его имя и по сей день служит олицетворением крупных достижений советской внешней политики послевоенного периода.
☝️ Дипломатическое наследие Громыко продолжает поддерживать высокий авторитет российской дипломатической службы.
#ИсторияДипломатии
🗓 18 июля 1909 года родился Андрей Андреевич Громыко — государственный и политический деятель, выдающийся советский дипломат, Министр иностранных дел СССР в 1957–1985 годах.
Громыко вошёл в историю отечественной дипломатической службы как непреклонный защитник национальных интересов нашей страны, прозванный оппонентами «Господин Нет» за твёрдость при отстаивании позиций Москвы на международной арене.
Андрей Андреевич руководил советской дипломатией в течение 28 лет.
В период идеологического противостояния и напряжённости между НАТО и Организацией Варшавского договора Громыко принимал участие в предотвращении многих глобальных конфликтов. Дипломат проводил политику нормализации отношений с США и Западом, способствовал разоружению, закреплению послевоенных границ в Европе, разрядке напряжённости.
Громыко внёс значительный вклад в достижение стратегической стабильности между СССР и США — были подписаны важные документы в сфере разоружения, способствовавшие «разрядке» — Договор о запрещении испытаний ядерного оружия (1963), Договор о нераспространении ядерного оружия (1968), Соглашения по ПРО и ОСВ-1 (1972–1973), ОСВ-2 (1979).
В ходе Карибского кризиса 1962 года усилия Громыко помогли достичь компромисса и избежать глобальной ядерной катастрофы. Он участвовал в арабо-израильских переговорах в Женеве (1973), проводившихся при посредничестве СССР и США, способствовал предотвращению широкомасштабной войны между Индией и Пакистаном (1966).
Андрей Андреевич является одним из наиболее авторитетных деятелей мировой политики XX столетия. Его имя и по сей день служит олицетворением крупных достижений советской внешней политики послевоенного периода.
☝️ Дипломатическое наследие Громыко продолжает поддерживать высокий авторитет российской дипломатической службы.
#ИсторияДипломатии
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Forwarded from Russian MFA 🇷🇺
#InMemoryOfDiplomats
🗓 On July 18, 1909, Andrey Gromyko was born, a statesman and politician, an outstanding Soviet diplomat, Minister of Foreign Affairs of the USSR in 1957-1985.
Gromyko went down in the history of the Russian diplomatic service as an unwavering defender of our country’s national interests. He was dubbed “Mister No” by his opponents for his firmness in defending Moscow’s positions in the international arena.
Andrey Gromyko headed the Soviet diplomatic service for 28 years.
During the period of ideological stand-off and tension between NATO and the Warsaw Pact Organization, Gromyko took part in preventing many global conflicts. He pursued a policy of normalizing relations with the United States and the West, advocated disarmament, consolidated post-war borders in Europe, and promoted detente.
Gromyko made a hefty contribution to achieving strategic stability between the USSR and the United States: Important disarmament documents were signed that contributed to the detente – the Treaty Banning Nuclear Weapon Tests (1963), the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (1968), the ABM, SALT-I (1972-1973), and SALT-II (1979) treaties.
During the 1962 Cuban Missile Crisis, Gromyko’s efforts helped reach a compromise and avoid a global nuclear catastrophe. He participated in the Arab-Israeli negotiations in Geneva in 1973, mediated by the USSR and the United States, and helped thwart a large-scale war between India and Pakistan in 1966.
Andrey Gromyko is one of the most revered figures in world politics of the 20th century. To this day, his name serves as the personification of the major achievements of Soviet foreign policy in the post-war period.
☝️ Gromyko’s diplomatic legacy continues to maintain the high authority of the Russian diplomatic service.
#HistoryOfDiplomacy
🗓 On July 18, 1909, Andrey Gromyko was born, a statesman and politician, an outstanding Soviet diplomat, Minister of Foreign Affairs of the USSR in 1957-1985.
Gromyko went down in the history of the Russian diplomatic service as an unwavering defender of our country’s national interests. He was dubbed “Mister No” by his opponents for his firmness in defending Moscow’s positions in the international arena.
Andrey Gromyko headed the Soviet diplomatic service for 28 years.
During the period of ideological stand-off and tension between NATO and the Warsaw Pact Organization, Gromyko took part in preventing many global conflicts. He pursued a policy of normalizing relations with the United States and the West, advocated disarmament, consolidated post-war borders in Europe, and promoted detente.
Gromyko made a hefty contribution to achieving strategic stability between the USSR and the United States: Important disarmament documents were signed that contributed to the detente – the Treaty Banning Nuclear Weapon Tests (1963), the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (1968), the ABM, SALT-I (1972-1973), and SALT-II (1979) treaties.
During the 1962 Cuban Missile Crisis, Gromyko’s efforts helped reach a compromise and avoid a global nuclear catastrophe. He participated in the Arab-Israeli negotiations in Geneva in 1973, mediated by the USSR and the United States, and helped thwart a large-scale war between India and Pakistan in 1966.
Andrey Gromyko is one of the most revered figures in world politics of the 20th century. To this day, his name serves as the personification of the major achievements of Soviet foreign policy in the post-war period.
☝️ Gromyko’s diplomatic legacy continues to maintain the high authority of the Russian diplomatic service.
#HistoryOfDiplomacy
❤1
Forwarded from Russian MFA 🇷🇺
#KievRegimeCrimes
⚡️ Ambassador-at-Large of the Russian Ministry of Foreign Affairs Rodion Miroshnik:
PHOTO FACTS & EVIDENCE of crimes committed by Ukrainian armed forces over the week of July 13 – July 19, 2026:
▪️ July 14 – a UAV attack targeted a parking area for civilian freight vehicles in Lugansk. While firefighters were extinguishing the blaze, EMERCOM personnel came under a second UAV strike. Three rescuers were injured.
▪️ July 15 – a civilian car struck a mine in the Alyoshki District of the Kherson Region.
▪️ July 15 – civilian vehicles were destroyed by fire following shelling of a residential area in Radensk, Kherson Region.
▪️ July 15 – a UAV struck a civilian car on a road near Schastye, LPR. Three civilians were killed and one was seriously injured.
▪️ July 16 – a UAV struck a civilian freight vehicle in Shebekino, Belgorod Region.
▪️ July 17 – a UAV struck an apartment building in Vasilyevka, Zaporozhye Region. Two women were injured.
▪️ July 17 – a UAV struck a civilian car on a road in the Kherson Region. One civilian was injured.
▪️ July 18 – a UAV attack targeted warehouses belonging to a commercial enterprise in Elektrostal, Moscow Region. One civilian was killed and 57 others were injured.
▪️ July 19 – a UAV struck an apartment building in Kursk, Kursk Region.
▪️ July 19 – UAV struck a civilian car on the Urazovo–Gerasimovka road in the Belgorod Region.
⚡️ Ambassador-at-Large of the Russian Ministry of Foreign Affairs Rodion Miroshnik:
PHOTO FACTS & EVIDENCE of crimes committed by Ukrainian armed forces over the week of July 13 – July 19, 2026:
▪️ July 14 – a UAV attack targeted a parking area for civilian freight vehicles in Lugansk. While firefighters were extinguishing the blaze, EMERCOM personnel came under a second UAV strike. Three rescuers were injured.
▪️ July 15 – a civilian car struck a mine in the Alyoshki District of the Kherson Region.
▪️ July 15 – civilian vehicles were destroyed by fire following shelling of a residential area in Radensk, Kherson Region.
▪️ July 15 – a UAV struck a civilian car on a road near Schastye, LPR. Three civilians were killed and one was seriously injured.
▪️ July 16 – a UAV struck a civilian freight vehicle in Shebekino, Belgorod Region.
▪️ July 17 – a UAV struck an apartment building in Vasilyevka, Zaporozhye Region. Two women were injured.
▪️ July 17 – a UAV struck a civilian car on a road in the Kherson Region. One civilian was injured.
▪️ July 18 – a UAV attack targeted warehouses belonging to a commercial enterprise in Elektrostal, Moscow Region. One civilian was killed and 57 others were injured.
▪️ July 19 – a UAV struck an apartment building in Kursk, Kursk Region.
▪️ July 19 – UAV struck a civilian car on the Urazovo–Gerasimovka road in the Belgorod Region.
Forwarded from Russian MFA 🇷🇺
🎙 Russian Foreign Ministry Spokeswoman Maria Zakharova's statement on Ukrainian terrorist attacks against facilities of the Caspian Pipeline Consortium (July 20, 2026)
💬 On July 17-20, during loading operations at the SPM-1 and SPM-3 offshore mooring facilities of the Caspian Pipeline Consortium’s (#CPC) marine terminal in Yuzhnaya Ozereyevka, Novorossiysk, several tankers were deliberately targeted in terrorist UAV attacks.
Among them were vessels chartered by Tengizchevroil and KazMunayGas, which operate in the interests of Kazakhstan’s oil industry.
According to the CPC press service, the vessels were sailing under foreign flags and had international crews on board. Their hulls sustained damage, but they remained afloat. There were no casualties, and no oil spill occurred.
There can be no doubt that the Kiev Nazi regime was behind this attack. This is already the fifth act of aggression against the company’s civilian infrastructure, which is protected under international law. Ukrainian militants continue their attempts to inflict irreparable damage on the CPC, which brings together major fuel and energy companies from Russia, Kazakhstan, the US and several Western European countries.
☝️ Deliberate strikes against the consortium’s facilities and civilian vessels in the waters of its marine terminal therefore constitute attacks on the interests of its participating countries as well. Some of them spare no expense in providing Ukraine with extensive military and financial assistance. Yet the Zelensky regime has no regard for the economic damage inflicted by Ukrainian militants on its American and European allies.
Like the snake in the well-known fable, the Kiev junta mercilessly bites the hand that feeds it.
We share the Kazakh Foreign Ministry’s resolute condemnation of this crime against civilian infrastructure. We regard the attack as further evidence of Bankova’s intention to destabilise global oil markets even further.
For the Kiev regime, global energy stability and respect for foreign partners – including Kazakhstan, with which it allegedly seeks mutually beneficial and friendly relations – are nothing more than empty words.
❗️ We strongly condemn this terrorist attack and the actions of all those who facilitated its planning and execution. We call on the international community to give an appropriate assessment of yet another war crime committed by the Zelensky regime. The absence of an adequate response will be regarded as appeasement and approval of Kiev’s course towards escalating terror.
💬 On July 17-20, during loading operations at the SPM-1 and SPM-3 offshore mooring facilities of the Caspian Pipeline Consortium’s (#CPC) marine terminal in Yuzhnaya Ozereyevka, Novorossiysk, several tankers were deliberately targeted in terrorist UAV attacks.
Among them were vessels chartered by Tengizchevroil and KazMunayGas, which operate in the interests of Kazakhstan’s oil industry.
According to the CPC press service, the vessels were sailing under foreign flags and had international crews on board. Their hulls sustained damage, but they remained afloat. There were no casualties, and no oil spill occurred.
There can be no doubt that the Kiev Nazi regime was behind this attack. This is already the fifth act of aggression against the company’s civilian infrastructure, which is protected under international law. Ukrainian militants continue their attempts to inflict irreparable damage on the CPC, which brings together major fuel and energy companies from Russia, Kazakhstan, the US and several Western European countries.
☝️ Deliberate strikes against the consortium’s facilities and civilian vessels in the waters of its marine terminal therefore constitute attacks on the interests of its participating countries as well. Some of them spare no expense in providing Ukraine with extensive military and financial assistance. Yet the Zelensky regime has no regard for the economic damage inflicted by Ukrainian militants on its American and European allies.
Like the snake in the well-known fable, the Kiev junta mercilessly bites the hand that feeds it.
We share the Kazakh Foreign Ministry’s resolute condemnation of this crime against civilian infrastructure. We regard the attack as further evidence of Bankova’s intention to destabilise global oil markets even further.
For the Kiev regime, global energy stability and respect for foreign partners – including Kazakhstan, with which it allegedly seeks mutually beneficial and friendly relations – are nothing more than empty words.
❗️ We strongly condemn this terrorist attack and the actions of all those who facilitated its planning and execution. We call on the international community to give an appropriate assessment of yet another war crime committed by the Zelensky regime. The absence of an adequate response will be regarded as appeasement and approval of Kiev’s course towards escalating terror.
Forwarded from Russian MFA 🇷🇺
#KievRegimeCrimes
⚡️ Ambassador-at-Large of the Russian Ministry of Foreign Affairs Rodion Miroshnik:
💬 Over the past week, the number of Russian civilians killed or injured in attacks by Ukrainian neo-Nazis rose sharply.
Facing setbacks on the battlefield, Kiev redirected its capabilities toward terrorist attacks on civilian targets in Russia, with more than 1,000 strikes recorded daily. Over 400 civilians were killed or injured during the week.
The Zelensky regime used military resources supplied by its Western sponsors to attack Russia’s civilian population. Residential areas, medical facilities, essential infrastructure and civilian transport came under fire.
The highest numbers of civilian casualties were recorded in the Belgorod, Moscow, Zaporozhye and Kherson Regions, as well as the DPR and LPR. Ukrainian militants deliberately targeted densely populated areas in an effort to inflict maximum damage.
On July 13-19, Ukrainian neo-Nazi attacks resulted in 433 civilian casualties: 69 people, including two children, were killed, while 364 others, including 12 children, were injured.
Over the past seven days, Ukrainian militants fired at least 7,168 munitions at civilian targets on Russian territory.
⚡️ Ambassador-at-Large of the Russian Ministry of Foreign Affairs Rodion Miroshnik:
💬 Over the past week, the number of Russian civilians killed or injured in attacks by Ukrainian neo-Nazis rose sharply.
Facing setbacks on the battlefield, Kiev redirected its capabilities toward terrorist attacks on civilian targets in Russia, with more than 1,000 strikes recorded daily. Over 400 civilians were killed or injured during the week.
The Zelensky regime used military resources supplied by its Western sponsors to attack Russia’s civilian population. Residential areas, medical facilities, essential infrastructure and civilian transport came under fire.
The highest numbers of civilian casualties were recorded in the Belgorod, Moscow, Zaporozhye and Kherson Regions, as well as the DPR and LPR. Ukrainian militants deliberately targeted densely populated areas in an effort to inflict maximum damage.
On July 13-19, Ukrainian neo-Nazi attacks resulted in 433 civilian casualties: 69 people, including two children, were killed, while 364 others, including 12 children, were injured.
Over the past seven days, Ukrainian militants fired at least 7,168 munitions at civilian targets on Russian territory.
❤1
Forwarded from Russian MFA 🇷🇺
🗓 #OTD in 1774, the Treaty of Kuchuk Kainarji between the Russian and Ottoman Empires was signed in the village of Kuchuk Kainarji (Küçük Kaynarca near Silistra, present-day Bulgaria) bringing the Russo-Turkish War of 1768-1774 to an end.
In the second half of the 18th century, Russia sought access to the Black Sea and worked to strengthen its positions in the Black Sea region and the Caucasus, while the Ottoman Empire sought to curb the growth of Russian influence.
After Russia rejected an Ottoman ultimatum demanding the withdrawal of Russian troops from Poland, the Sublime Porte (the government of the Ottoman Empire) declared war on Russia on September 25, 1768. Hostilities unfolded in Bessarabia, Moldavia and the Caucasus and culminated in a series of major victories by the Russian Army and Navy – at Larga and Kagul, in the Battle of Chesme, and at Turtukai and Kozludzha.
Military setbacks forced the Ottoman Empire to resume negotiations, which ended with the signing of the Treaty of of Kuchuk Kainarji.
This historic document consolidated the brilliant victories of the Russian Army and became one of Russia’s greatest military and political achievements of the era of Catherine the Great.
***
📜 The Treaty consisted of 28 articles and a secret annex. Under its provisions:
👉 The full text of the Treaty (in Russian)
The Treaty of Kuchuk Kainarji fundamentally altered the balance of power in the Black Sea region and the Balkans. Russia strengthened its southern frontiers, secured access to the Black Sea and significantly expanded its political influence in the region.
☝️ The Treaty became an important milestone on the path toward Crimea’s incorporation into the Russian Empire under Catherine II’s Manifesto of April 19, 1783, and the conclusion of the Treaty of Jassy with the Sublime Porte in 1791, which strengthened the security of Russia’s southern frontiers and safeguarded its interests in the Black Sea region, the Caucasus and the Balkans.
In the second half of the 18th century, Russia sought access to the Black Sea and worked to strengthen its positions in the Black Sea region and the Caucasus, while the Ottoman Empire sought to curb the growth of Russian influence.
After Russia rejected an Ottoman ultimatum demanding the withdrawal of Russian troops from Poland, the Sublime Porte (the government of the Ottoman Empire) declared war on Russia on September 25, 1768. Hostilities unfolded in Bessarabia, Moldavia and the Caucasus and culminated in a series of major victories by the Russian Army and Navy – at Larga and Kagul, in the Battle of Chesme, and at Turtukai and Kozludzha.
Military setbacks forced the Ottoman Empire to resume negotiations, which ended with the signing of the Treaty of of Kuchuk Kainarji.
This historic document consolidated the brilliant victories of the Russian Army and became one of Russia’s greatest military and political achievements of the era of Catherine the Great.
***
📜 The Treaty consisted of 28 articles and a secret annex. Under its provisions:
• Azov, Kerch, Yenikale and Kinburn, the lands between the Dnepr and Southern Bug rivers, as well as Greater and Lesser Kabarda, became part of Russia;
• the Crimean Khanate and the Tatar territories dependent on it were declared “free and completely independent of any foreign power”;
• Russia acquired the right to maintain a fleet in the Black Sea, while its merchant vessels were granted freedom of navigation in the Black Sea and passage through the Bosphorus and the Dardanelles;
• Moldavia and Wallachia returned under Ottoman rule, but on special terms providing for the restoration of their rights and privileges. Russia also gained the right to make representations to the Ottoman government in defence of the principalities’ interests;
• Russian subjects were granted the right to visit Jerusalem and other holy sites freely, while an Orthodox church could be built in Constantinople under the protection of the Russian diplomatic mission;
• the Ottoman Empire was obliged to pay Russia a substantial indemnity of 7.5 million piastres;
• separate articles provided for an amnesty for the inhabitants of Georgia and Mingrelia and prohibited the Porte from exacting human tribute from them. Russia also obtained the right to establish a permanent diplomatic mission at the Sultan’s court and appoint consuls in Ottoman cities to protect the interests of Russian merchants.
👉 The full text of the Treaty (in Russian)
The Treaty of Kuchuk Kainarji fundamentally altered the balance of power in the Black Sea region and the Balkans. Russia strengthened its southern frontiers, secured access to the Black Sea and significantly expanded its political influence in the region.
☝️ The Treaty became an important milestone on the path toward Crimea’s incorporation into the Russian Empire under Catherine II’s Manifesto of April 19, 1783, and the conclusion of the Treaty of Jassy with the Sublime Porte in 1791, which strengthened the security of Russia’s southern frontiers and safeguarded its interests in the Black Sea region, the Caucasus and the Balkans.