Neanderthal and Homo sapiens interactions 100,000 years ago included cultural exchange. Findings of relations between Neanderthals and Homo sapiens suggest that the ancient human species coexisted, and even shared aspects of daily life, technology and burial customs.

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#Neanderthal #Homosapiens #CulturalExchange #AncientHumans #PrehistoricRelations

🧬 Around 2% of modern humans carry Neanderthal DNA, suggesting early humans and Neanderthals interbred. New research published today in Science suggests this interbreeding showed a sex bias.

🧬 Researchers at the University of Pennsylvania found a 62% relative excess of modern human ancestry on Neanderthals’ X chromosomes compared to other chromosomes.

🧬 This excess likely points to sex-based mating preference, suggesting either Neanderthal men preferred human women, human women preferred Neanderthal men, or a combination of both.

🧬 The bias appears to have been consistent across mating events separated by 200,000 years, indicating a long-lasting pattern.

#Neanderthal #HumanEvolution #Genetics

✨ Prehistoric Dentistry Discovery: 59,000 Years Ago!
An adult Neanderthal molar, found in Chagryskaya Cave, Russia, shows signs of a cavity being intentionally drilled out. This suggests the earliest known instance of dental cavity intervention, with evidence pointing to the use of stone tools around 49,000 to 70,000 years ago.

✨ Neanderthals Showed Advanced Medical Care
The Neanderthal tooth, dubbed Chagyrskaya 64, exhibits scratches and evidence of drilling, indicating a deliberate attempt to alleviate pain from a deep cavity. This discovery highlights Neanderthals' cognitive abilities and capacity for complex medical strategies, challenging earlier stereotypes.

✨ Experimental Replication Confirms Procedure
Researchers successfully replicated the cavity removal using stone tools on modern human teeth, demonstrating that Neanderthals could identify infections and craft tools for treatment, even enduring a painful procedure without anesthesia.

#Neanderthal #Paleontology #Archaeology

🧬 Neandertal growth hormone receptor variants, inherited ~47,000 years ago, increase muscle mass by ~270 grams in modern humans.

🧪 Lab-grown cells with the Neandertal receptor showed 40% more growth when exposed to growth hormone compared to modern human versions.

🌍 This Neandertal variant is carried by up to 24% of people in some South Asian populations.

#Neanderthal #Genetics #Science

* 💀 Neandertal remains in Iraq (Shanidar A), dating to ~75,000 years ago, show a puncture wound from a wooden spear near death and a shattered tooth suggesting a past facial injury.

* 🦴 The puncture wound in the shoulder blade, analyzed with X-rays, indicates it was made around the time of death and was likely caused by a wooden spear due to its round shape.

* 🤕 A shattered incisor, with tartar buildup suggesting it broke years before death, implies Shanidar A lived with a significant facial injury, possibly indicating a need for and receipt of care from other Neandertals.

#Neanderthal #Archaeology #Paleontology

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