Buying 1 MLA gets them disqualified, but buying 2/3rds gets you a new government.

The Anti-Defection Law didn't stop horse trading it just made it wholesale.

Here’s why our mandate keeps getting stolen and how we actually fix it

​𝗟𝗲𝗴𝗮𝗹 𝗘𝘃𝗼𝗹𝘂𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻

​1985 (52nd Amend):
10th Schedule introduced to curb frequent defections.

​2003 (91st Amend): Raised the merger threshold to 2/3rds, ending the "split" loophole.

​𝗞𝗲𝘆 𝗜𝘀𝘀𝘂𝗲𝘀

​Wholesale Defections:
Stricter rules shifted focus to engineered, large-scale defections fueled by heavy inducements.

​Speaker Bias:
Vesting disqualification power in Presiding Officers leads to deliberate, partisan delays lasting months or years.

​Judicial Limits:
The Supreme Court notes petitions should be decided in 3 months, but this is rarely followed.

​𝗪𝗮𝘆 𝗙𝗼𝗿𝘄𝗮𝗿𝗱

​Automatic Resignation:
A law to instantly terminate an MLA's tenure the exact date they resign from their party.

​Fresh Mandate:
Force defectors to immediately seek re-election.

Ethics Quiz

​An IAS officer is heading a committee to award a major highway construction contract.

The most technically sound and cost-effective bid comes from a company where the officer's brother is a silent partner.

The officer immediately recuses himself from the committee and transfers the decision to a colleague, even though it delays the project by a week.

What specific ethical principle is the officer primarily demonstrating?

Hi all Today is Day 7 of 30

Prelims Sleepy Series 2026

All 100 questions.

30 days.

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Solution of today's CSAT PYQ series.

Question 6:

Just for context this was a controversial question in the CSAT 2026 paper.

(a) 1 and 2 only

​1 is Valid:
The text explicitly mentions seven 'Sanskriti Angans'.

​2 is Valid:
The zones, inspired by temples, showcased regional artistry.

​3 is Invalid:
Artisans used "age-old techniques," contradicting the statement's claim of "contemporary craftsmanship."

​4 is Invalid:
The passage mentions "diverse regions," not all regions of India.

​Question 7:

​Option (a) is incorrect

The passage mentions paintings from only two states (Bengal and Tamil Nadu).

The other two states showcased bamboo crafts (Assam) and tribal sculpture (Madhya Pradesh).

Let us know if there are any doubts..

PIB Question

With reference to India’s first hydrogen-powered train project, consider the following statements:

1)The train utilizes Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFC) that combine hydrogen and oxygen to produce electricity, releasing only water vapor and heat as byproducts.

2)The country’s primary hydrogen storage and refueling facility for this rail project has been established at Shakurbasti in Delhi.

3)The propulsion system is supported by Lithium Iron Phosphate (LFP) batteries alongside hydrogen storage cylinders located in the power cars.

India is no longer just ISRO.

The massive private space race has officially begun.

​𝗣𝗿𝗶𝘃𝗮𝘁𝗲 𝗦𝗲𝗰𝘁𝗼𝗿 𝗠𝗶𝗹𝗲𝘀𝘁𝗼𝗻𝗲

Skyroot Aerospace Vikram 1 launch ends ISRO monopoly and sparks private innovation joining US and China in independent orbital launches.

​𝗣𝗼𝗹𝗶𝗰𝘆 𝗖𝗮𝘁𝗮𝗹𝘆𝘀𝘁

Fueled by 2020 reforms and 2023 Space Policy creating nearly 400 startups valued at ₹70000 crore.

​𝗟𝗘𝗢 𝗙𝗼𝗰𝘂𝘀

Shift to small satellites and earth observation drives modern space economies faster than national agencies can manage.

​𝗜𝗦𝗥𝗢 𝗥𝗲𝗼𝗿𝗶𝗲𝗻𝘁𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻

Commercial offloading lets ISRO focus completely on deep space missions like Gaganyaan and Chandrayaan.

​𝗜𝗻𝗱𝗶𝗮𝗻 𝗣𝗣𝗣 𝗠𝗼𝗱𝗲𝗹

Startups leverage ISRO infrastructure and low cost manufacturing instead of fully independent R&D like the US.

Environment Bonus MCQs

Q. Ecological Concepts
With reference to the concept of "Ecological Niche", consider the following statements:

1)An ecological niche describes how an organism responds to the distribution of resources and competitors.

2)Two distinct species can occupy the exact same fundamental niche indefinitely in the same habitat.

3)The 'realized niche' of a species is usually smaller than its 'fundamental niche'.

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