Finding the right resources for International Relations can be tough since there is no single standard book.
To help you out, these notes provide complete, exam-ready coverage all in one place!
Link: https://store.sleepyclasses.com/ebook/international-relations-upsc-cse-general-studies-notes-e-book/?srsltid=AfmBOoqMliji1FTOL5HeiuQx7iGSfUsC0AJo0tHZj9cYdHDgEQrSEOF3
To help you out, these notes provide complete, exam-ready coverage all in one place!
Link: https://store.sleepyclasses.com/ebook/international-relations-upsc-cse-general-studies-notes-e-book/?srsltid=AfmBOoqMliji1FTOL5HeiuQx7iGSfUsC0AJo0tHZj9cYdHDgEQrSEOF3
Tigris River
[ Places in the news ]
✅ What it is :
- One of the two great rivers of ancient Mesopotamia, along with the Euphrates.
- Core of the historic Fertile Crescent, where early civilisations developed.
✅ Origin of the river :
- Originates from Lake Hazar in the Taurus Mountains, southeastern Türkiye.
- Flows southeast, roughly parallel to the Euphrates.
✅Countries it flows through :
- Türkiye (upper reaches)
- Iraq
- Joins the Euphrates to form the Shatt al-Arab, which empties into the Persian Gulf
✅ Major tributaries :
- Greater Zab
- Lesser Zab
- Al-Adhaim
- Diyala
- Karkheh (from Iran)
✅Key features :
- Second-largest river in Western Asia.
- Supports irrigation in arid and semi-arid regions.
- Used for drinking water, agriculture,
transport, industry, and hydropower.
- Contains several dams for electricity generation and water storage.
[ Places in the news ]
✅ What it is :
- One of the two great rivers of ancient Mesopotamia, along with the Euphrates.
- Core of the historic Fertile Crescent, where early civilisations developed.
✅ Origin of the river :
- Originates from Lake Hazar in the Taurus Mountains, southeastern Türkiye.
- Flows southeast, roughly parallel to the Euphrates.
✅Countries it flows through :
- Türkiye (upper reaches)
- Iraq
- Joins the Euphrates to form the Shatt al-Arab, which empties into the Persian Gulf
✅ Major tributaries :
- Greater Zab
- Lesser Zab
- Al-Adhaim
- Diyala
- Karkheh (from Iran)
✅Key features :
- Second-largest river in Western Asia.
- Supports irrigation in arid and semi-arid regions.
- Used for drinking water, agriculture,
transport, industry, and hydropower.
- Contains several dams for electricity generation and water storage.
This Christmas spread the holiday cheer and gift yourself the future you’ve always dreamed of! This season is all about bright possibilities and new beginnings.
Start your IAS journey with joy using our special festive discount. Celebrate your potential and make your UPSC goals come true today!
Holiday Special:
Gift: 25% Off
Code: BLESSINGS
Ends: Jan 5th
Start your IAS journey with joy using our special festive discount. Celebrate your potential and make your UPSC goals come true today!
Holiday Special:
Gift: 25% Off
Code: BLESSINGS
Ends: Jan 5th
🎄 Christmas Offer 🎄
My class notes are available at a special discounted price for a limited time .
A perfect Christmas gift for yourself or a friend 📚✨
Link : https://store.sleepyclasses.com/
My class notes are available at a special discounted price for a limited time .
A perfect Christmas gift for yourself or a friend 📚✨
Link : https://store.sleepyclasses.com/
UPSC Prelims 2026 Polity PRE-MIX | Master Fundamental Rights MCQs | Solve MCQs Daily
https://youtu.be/_o0ve8aYipI
https://youtu.be/_o0ve8aYipI
YouTube
UPSC Prelims 2026 Polity PRE-MIX | Master Fundamental Rights MCQs | Solve MCQs Daily
- UPSC Prelims Crash Course: https://courses.sleepyclasses.com/learn/Prelims-Crash-Course-for-UPSC-2026-Batch---3?_gl=1*s0bcjp*_gcl_au*OTY3MDk5NDcwLjE3NjM2MjAwODU.*_ga*NTA4ODY1NzE0LjE2OTgzODIxMzg.*_ga_VFEQJRLPLG*czE3NjYzODM3NzUkbzE0NjUkZzEkdDE3NjYzODM4MDEkajM0JGwwJGgw…
From static theory to dynamic revision ,We’ve got you covered.
Enroll in the NEW BATCH of Sambhav 4.0 LIVE Prelims Crash Course and transform your preparation in 150 days.
https://sleepyclasses.com/upsc-prelims-2026-crash-course/
Enroll in the NEW BATCH of Sambhav 4.0 LIVE Prelims Crash Course and transform your preparation in 150 days.
https://sleepyclasses.com/upsc-prelims-2026-crash-course/
You can’t afford to ignore Environment—15–18 questions every year.
These notes cut the noise and focus only on Prelims-relevant themes and traps.
Link : https://store.sleepyclasses.com/ebook/environment-upsc-cse-general-studies-notes/
These notes cut the noise and focus only on Prelims-relevant themes and traps.
Link : https://store.sleepyclasses.com/ebook/environment-upsc-cse-general-studies-notes/
Mount Kilimanjaro
[ Places in the news ]
✅ What it is :
– Africa’s highest mountain and the world’s tallest free-standing volcanic massif.
– Height: 5,895 metres above sea level.
– A major geographical, ecological, and tourism landmark.
✅ Location :
– Northeastern Tanzania, near the Kenya border.
– Around 160 km east of the East African Rift System.
– About 225 km south of Nairobi.
– Protected under Mount Kilimanjaro National Park.
– Declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1987.
✅ Origin :
– Formed due to volcanic activity linked to tectonic movements of the East African Rift.
– Developed through multiple volcanic eruptions over millions of years.
– Shaped further by erosion and glaciation processes.
[ Places in the news ]
✅ What it is :
– Africa’s highest mountain and the world’s tallest free-standing volcanic massif.
– Height: 5,895 metres above sea level.
– A major geographical, ecological, and tourism landmark.
✅ Location :
– Northeastern Tanzania, near the Kenya border.
– Around 160 km east of the East African Rift System.
– About 225 km south of Nairobi.
– Protected under Mount Kilimanjaro National Park.
– Declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1987.
✅ Origin :
– Formed due to volcanic activity linked to tectonic movements of the East African Rift.
– Developed through multiple volcanic eruptions over millions of years.
– Shaped further by erosion and glaciation processes.
Somaliland
[ Places in the news ]
✅ What it is :
- Self-declared independent state in the Horn of Africa.
- Separated from Somalia in 199.
- Has its own government, currency, and security forces.
- First bilateral recognition by Israel in 2025.
✅Location :
- Along the Gulf of Aden.
- Territory of former British Somaliland.
- Borders: Djibouti, Ethiopia, Somalia (including Puntland)
✅ Historical background :
- 1888: British protectorate.
- 1960: Independence; merged with Italian Somaliland.
- 1991: Declared independence after Somali state collapse.
- 2001: Referendum approved independence (97% support)
✅ Present status :
- De facto state with political stability.
- Not recognised by UN or AU; claimed by Somalia.
- Conducts elections and controls internal security.
[ Places in the news ]
✅ What it is :
- Self-declared independent state in the Horn of Africa.
- Separated from Somalia in 199.
- Has its own government, currency, and security forces.
- First bilateral recognition by Israel in 2025.
✅Location :
- Along the Gulf of Aden.
- Territory of former British Somaliland.
- Borders: Djibouti, Ethiopia, Somalia (including Puntland)
✅ Historical background :
- 1888: British protectorate.
- 1960: Independence; merged with Italian Somaliland.
- 1991: Declared independence after Somali state collapse.
- 2001: Referendum approved independence (97% support)
✅ Present status :
- De facto state with political stability.
- Not recognised by UN or AU; claimed by Somalia.
- Conducts elections and controls internal security.
Our Prelims PYQ’s Marathon (2011–2025) is one of the most requested and most attended initiatives we conduct every year.
It takes weeks of preparation, intense academic effort, and faculty commitment!
We do it because we believe serious aspirants deserve access to quality guidance.
📚 Subject-wise LIVE PYQ MCQ discussions
🗓️ Starts 4th January
It takes weeks of preparation, intense academic effort, and faculty commitment!
We do it because we believe serious aspirants deserve access to quality guidance.
📚 Subject-wise LIVE PYQ MCQ discussions
🗓️ Starts 4th January
Doston! we are conducting a workshop this week for UPSC Beginners .
Along with a proper strategy, you will also get :
1. You'll be getting a roadmap for UPSC CSE Exam. (suitable for beginners)
2. Pdfs which include - syllabus breakdown, microtopics in the syllabus, Booklist and a planner to cover NCERTs in 45 days
Make sure you don't miss out!
2nd January 5pm!
Link : https://sleepyclasses.com/upsc-gs-beginners-workshop/?
Along with a proper strategy, you will also get :
1. You'll be getting a roadmap for UPSC CSE Exam. (suitable for beginners)
2. Pdfs which include - syllabus breakdown, microtopics in the syllabus, Booklist and a planner to cover NCERTs in 45 days
Make sure you don't miss out!
2nd January 5pm!
Link : https://sleepyclasses.com/upsc-gs-beginners-workshop/?