Cover all Volcanic Landforms on this channel with innovative ways to memorize them..
โค2๐1
Forwarded from Geography With Shradha
Day 4 of 16
Volcanic Landforms.
โA Sill is a solidified, horizontal layer of magma squeezed tightly between existing rock layers.
โHow it Forms: Magma injects itself sideways, moving parallel to the bedding planes of the surrounding sedimentary rock (country rock) rather than breaking vertically through them.
โSill vs. Sheet: The distinction is purely about thickness.
Thicker horizontal deposits are called sills, while relatively thin, flat deposits are classified as sheets.
โ
Memory Hook is that think of a window sill it is always flat and horizontal.
Just like a window sill sits flatly built into a wall, a geological sill lies flat between rock layers.
Volcanic Landforms.
โA Sill is a solidified, horizontal layer of magma squeezed tightly between existing rock layers.
โHow it Forms: Magma injects itself sideways, moving parallel to the bedding planes of the surrounding sedimentary rock (country rock) rather than breaking vertically through them.
โSill vs. Sheet: The distinction is purely about thickness.
Thicker horizontal deposits are called sills, while relatively thin, flat deposits are classified as sheets.
โ
Memory Hook is that think of a window sill it is always flat and horizontal.
Just like a window sill sits flatly built into a wall, a geological sill lies flat between rock layers.
โค3๐1
Forwarded from Environment for UPSC by Dr Manmeet Kaur
How many pairs are correct:
โPin Valley National Park : Himachal Pradesh โMarine (Gulf of Kutch) National Park : Gujarat โBlackbuck National Park : Bihar
โPin Valley National Park : Himachal Pradesh โMarine (Gulf of Kutch) National Park : Gujarat โBlackbuck National Park : Bihar
Anonymous Quiz
20%
Only one pair correctly matched
67%
Only two pairs correctly matched
10%
Only three pairs correctly matched
3%
None
๐2
Indiaโs power grid is undergoing a massive, UPI-style upgrade to meet ambitious clean energy targets.
Here is a look at the past, present, and future of the energy sector..
โ๐๐ง๐๐ซ๐ ๐ฒ ๐๐๐๐ญ๐จ๐ซ ๐๐ฎ๐๐๐๐ฌ๐ฌ๐๐ฌ
โGrid Evolution: Shifted from chronic shortages to broad supply adequacy via a single national synchronous grid.
โClean Energy: Reached 50% non-fossil capacity in 2025; eyeing 500 GW by 2030.
โCost Bottleneck: Industry consumes the most but faces some of Asia's highest tariffs.
โ๐๐ง๐๐ข๐ ๐๐ง๐๐ซ๐ ๐ฒ ๐๐ญ๐๐๐ค (๐๐๐)
โWhat It Is: A Ministry of Power initiative applying the DPI model to energy.
โMechanism: A shared data framework enabling secure, unified communication without custom integrations.
โDesign: "Public rails, private innovation" framework modeled after Aadhaar and UPI.
โ๐ ๐๐๐๐ซ๐๐ฅ ๐๐ง๐ญ๐๐ ๐ซ๐๐ญ๐ข๐จ๐ง
โAlignment: Connects state utilities and central systems, treating electricity as a concurrent subject.
Here is a look at the past, present, and future of the energy sector..
โ๐๐ง๐๐ซ๐ ๐ฒ ๐๐๐๐ญ๐จ๐ซ ๐๐ฎ๐๐๐๐ฌ๐ฌ๐๐ฌ
โGrid Evolution: Shifted from chronic shortages to broad supply adequacy via a single national synchronous grid.
โClean Energy: Reached 50% non-fossil capacity in 2025; eyeing 500 GW by 2030.
โCost Bottleneck: Industry consumes the most but faces some of Asia's highest tariffs.
โ๐๐ง๐๐ข๐ ๐๐ง๐๐ซ๐ ๐ฒ ๐๐ญ๐๐๐ค (๐๐๐)
โWhat It Is: A Ministry of Power initiative applying the DPI model to energy.
โMechanism: A shared data framework enabling secure, unified communication without custom integrations.
โDesign: "Public rails, private innovation" framework modeled after Aadhaar and UPI.
โ๐ ๐๐๐๐ซ๐๐ฅ ๐๐ง๐ญ๐๐ ๐ซ๐๐ญ๐ข๐จ๐ง
โAlignment: Connects state utilities and central systems, treating electricity as a concurrent subject.
โค2๐2
Forwarded from Ayush Raina UPSC (Mains Polity IR )
Which SCI judgment struck down Section 8(4) of the RPA, 1951 as ultra vires of Articles 102(1)(e) and 191(1)(e), ruling that Parliament cannot create a separate, privileged class for sitting MPs and MLAs to delay their disqualification upon conviction?
Anonymous Quiz
31%
Association for Democratic Reforms v. Union of India (2002)
12%
K. Prabhakaran v. P. Jayarajan (2005)
43%
Lily Thomas v. Union of India (2013)
15%
Public Interest Foundation v. Union of India (2018)
๐3โค1๐ฅฐ1
Forwarded from Upscale with Kuber Sir
Day 3 of 7
Ethics Keyword series today the word is "Code of Conduct".
Code of Conduct is a set of specific, enforceable rules and directives that outline the exact behaviors, actions, and procedures expected of individuals within an organization.
It translates abstract ethical values into concrete, actionable "do's and don'ts."
โA Code of Conduct is specific and restrictive a Code of Ethics is the broad, underlying value system (like integrity or honesty), while a Code of Conduct is the actual rulebook that enforces it (like the All India Services (Conduct) Rules, 1968).
โThe Historical Example:
Chanakya and the Two Lamps
โThis is one of the most striking illustrations of strict conduct in Indian administrative history, and it works perfectly because it eliminates ambiguity and highlights the absolute, mechanical nature of administrative rules.
โThe story: A foreign envoy visited Chanakya, the Prime Minister of the Mauryan Empire, late one evening.
Upon entering, he found Chanakya writing official documents under the light of an oil lamp. When the envoy mentioned that he had come for a personal conversation, Chanakya immediately extinguished the burning lamp and lit a second, separate lamp kept nearby. Confused, the envoy asked why. Chanakya explained that the first lamp was filled with oil bought from the state treasury, strictly meant for official work. Since their conversation was personal, he was bound by his own rules of conduct to use the second lamp, fueled by oil bought from his personal salary.
โWhy This Example Works So Well for Understanding Code of Conduct..
โIt focuses on specific actions, not just intentions: This separates a Code of Conduct from general ethics. Being an "honest person" is an ethical stance, but deliberately switching the lamps is a strict adherence to a behavioral code. It leaves no room for interpretation.
โIt eliminates the "grey area": Chanakya didn't justify that burning a few extra drops of state oil wouldn't hurt the empire.
This helps students understand that a Code of Conduct operates in black-and-white.
It acts as a strict firewall against the slippery slope of minor transgressions.
โIt illustrates accountability in power: The higher the sovereign authority, the stricter the adherence must be.
It turns a dry definition into a concrete visualization of how administrative power must be constrained by rigorous, unbending rules to maintain absolute institutional trust.
โA Simpler, Everyday Companion Example
โIf you want to pair the historical reference with a modern administrative scenario directly relevant to the Indian bureaucracy..
โAn SDM is offered a seemingly harmless, expensive box of sweets by a local government contractor during Diwali.
The officerโs internal morals might dictate that they won't be swayed by a box of sweets.
However, Rule 11 of the All India Services (Conduct) Rules, 1968 explicitly limits the monetary value of gifts a civil servant can accept.
The officer refuses the box not just because they are ethically sound, but because they are executing a precise, mandated rule designed to prevent even the perception of a conflict of interest.
โThis mirrors Chanakyaโs disposition at a daily administrative scale: a Code of Conduct isn't about how incorruptible you feel on the inside it's about the objective, visible boundaries you maintain on the outside.
Ethics Keyword series today the word is "Code of Conduct".
Code of Conduct is a set of specific, enforceable rules and directives that outline the exact behaviors, actions, and procedures expected of individuals within an organization.
It translates abstract ethical values into concrete, actionable "do's and don'ts."
โA Code of Conduct is specific and restrictive a Code of Ethics is the broad, underlying value system (like integrity or honesty), while a Code of Conduct is the actual rulebook that enforces it (like the All India Services (Conduct) Rules, 1968).
โThe Historical Example:
Chanakya and the Two Lamps
โThis is one of the most striking illustrations of strict conduct in Indian administrative history, and it works perfectly because it eliminates ambiguity and highlights the absolute, mechanical nature of administrative rules.
โThe story: A foreign envoy visited Chanakya, the Prime Minister of the Mauryan Empire, late one evening.
Upon entering, he found Chanakya writing official documents under the light of an oil lamp. When the envoy mentioned that he had come for a personal conversation, Chanakya immediately extinguished the burning lamp and lit a second, separate lamp kept nearby. Confused, the envoy asked why. Chanakya explained that the first lamp was filled with oil bought from the state treasury, strictly meant for official work. Since their conversation was personal, he was bound by his own rules of conduct to use the second lamp, fueled by oil bought from his personal salary.
โWhy This Example Works So Well for Understanding Code of Conduct..
โIt focuses on specific actions, not just intentions: This separates a Code of Conduct from general ethics. Being an "honest person" is an ethical stance, but deliberately switching the lamps is a strict adherence to a behavioral code. It leaves no room for interpretation.
โIt eliminates the "grey area": Chanakya didn't justify that burning a few extra drops of state oil wouldn't hurt the empire.
This helps students understand that a Code of Conduct operates in black-and-white.
It acts as a strict firewall against the slippery slope of minor transgressions.
โIt illustrates accountability in power: The higher the sovereign authority, the stricter the adherence must be.
It turns a dry definition into a concrete visualization of how administrative power must be constrained by rigorous, unbending rules to maintain absolute institutional trust.
โA Simpler, Everyday Companion Example
โIf you want to pair the historical reference with a modern administrative scenario directly relevant to the Indian bureaucracy..
โAn SDM is offered a seemingly harmless, expensive box of sweets by a local government contractor during Diwali.
The officerโs internal morals might dictate that they won't be swayed by a box of sweets.
However, Rule 11 of the All India Services (Conduct) Rules, 1968 explicitly limits the monetary value of gifts a civil servant can accept.
The officer refuses the box not just because they are ethically sound, but because they are executing a precise, mandated rule designed to prevent even the perception of a conflict of interest.
โThis mirrors Chanakyaโs disposition at a daily administrative scale: a Code of Conduct isn't about how incorruptible you feel on the inside it's about the objective, visible boundaries you maintain on the outside.
โค14๐1
Forwarded from Upscale with Kuber Sir
After day 7...A quiz will be conducted on this telegram channel itself..
About all Keywords till day 7.
About all Keywords till day 7.
๐2
UPPCS 2026 Geography PYQ Marathon is live Doston!
Join the session for complete Geography PYQ coverage, exam-oriented discussion, important themes, and smart revision to strengthen your UPPCS Prelims preparation.
https://www.youtube.com/live/MRUlfarahMY
Join the session for complete Geography PYQ coverage, exam-oriented discussion, important themes, and smart revision to strengthen your UPPCS Prelims preparation.
https://www.youtube.com/live/MRUlfarahMY
โค5๐1
๐๐ฒ๐ฟ๐บ๐ฎ๐ป๐ ๐ท๐๐๐ ๐น๐ผ๐๐ ๐ถ๐๐ ๐จ๐ก๐ฆ๐ ๐ฏ๐ถ๐ฑ ๐ถ๐ ๐๐ป๐ฑ๐ถ๐ฎโ๐ ๐ฎ๐ฌ๐ฎ๐ด-๐ฎ๐ต ๐ฑ๐ฟ๐ฒ๐ฎ๐บ ๐ฎ๐ ๐ฟ๐ถ๐๐ธ?
โGermany's defeat for the 2027โ28 UN Security Council seat wasn't just bad luck it was a strategic miscalculation.
โHere is a breakdown of why Germany failed, the roadblocks ahead for India, and the blueprint to secure our seat..
โ
๐ง๐ต๐ฒ ๐๐ฎ๐๐ฎ๐น๐๐๐: ๐๐ฒ๐ฟ๐บ๐ฎ๐ป๐โ๐ ๐ฎ๐ฌ๐ฎ๐ฒ ๐๐ฒ๐ณ๐ฒ๐ฎ๐
๐ง๐ต๐ฒ ๐๐ฎ๐๐ฎ ๐ฃ๐ผ๐น๐ฎ๐ฟ๐ถ๐๐ฎ๐๐ถ๐ผ๐ป: An overly rigid stance alienated crucial voting blocs.
๐๐ป๐๐ถ-๐๐ต๐ถ๐ป๐ฎ/๐ฅ๐๐๐๐ถ๐ฎ ๐ฃ๐ผ๐๐๐๐ฟ๐ฒ: Aggressive posturing backfired on the global stage.
๐ง๐ต๐ฒ ๐ง๐ฎ๐ธ๐ฒ๐ฎ๐๐ฎ๐: Unconditional alignment with major powers alienates the Global South. Strategic autonomy is non-negotiable.
โ
๐๐ผ๐ฟ๐ฒ ๐ฅ๐ผ๐ฎ๐ฑ๐ฏ๐น๐ผ๐ฐ๐ธ๐ ๐ณ๐ผ๐ฟ ๐๐ป๐ฑ๐ถ๐ฎ
๐ง๐ต๐ฒ ๐๐ฐ ๐๐ฎ๐ด๐ด๐ฎ๐ด๐ฒ: Campaigning as a bloc with Germany and Japan invites collective vetoes and resistance from rivals like China, Russia, and the Coffee Club.
๐ง๐ต๐ฒ ๐ช๐ฒ๐๐ ๐๐๐ถ๐ฎ ๐ง๐ถ๐ด๐ต๐๐ฟ๐ผ๐ฝ๐ฒ: India's 2028 29 non-permanent bid requires a delicate balancing act maintaining our pro-Israel stance without fracturing vital ties with Iran and Gulf nations.
๐ง๐ต๐ฒ ๐ฆ๐ผ๐๐๐ต ๐ฆ๐ผ๐๐๐ต ๐๐ถ๐๐ถ๐ฑ๐ฒ: Regions like Africa and Latin America demand permanent seats, but their lack of internal consensus paralyzes the broader reform movement.
โ๐ง๐ต๐ฒ ๐๐น๐๐ฒ๐ฝ๐ฟ๐ถ๐ป๐: ๐๐ป๐ฑ๐ถ๐ฎ'๐ ๐ช๐ฎ๐ ๐๐ผ๐ฟ๐๐ฎ๐ฟ๐ฑ
๐๐ฒ๐๐ฒ๐ฟ๐ฎ๐ด๐ฒ ๐๐ต๐ฒ ๐.๐ฒ๐ต ๐๐ฟ๐ผ๐๐ฝ๐ถ๐ป๐ด: India must aggressively rally this coalition of 40+ developing and small-island nations to build an immediate expansion mandate.
๐๐๐ฝ๐ฎ๐๐ ๐๐ป๐๐ฒ๐ฟ๐ด๐ผ๐๐ฒ๐ฟ๐ป๐บ๐ฒ๐ป๐๐ฎ๐น ๐๐ฒ๐ฎ๐ฑ๐น๐ผ๐ฐ๐ธ๐:
To break the China-Russia stalling tactics, India needs to initiate parallel, informal text-based negotiations to force momentum.
โTo claim its rightful place at the high table, India must navigate this diplomatic minefield as a leader of the Global South, not just an ally of the West.
โGermany's defeat for the 2027โ28 UN Security Council seat wasn't just bad luck it was a strategic miscalculation.
โHere is a breakdown of why Germany failed, the roadblocks ahead for India, and the blueprint to secure our seat..
โ
๐ง๐ต๐ฒ ๐๐ฎ๐๐ฎ๐น๐๐๐: ๐๐ฒ๐ฟ๐บ๐ฎ๐ป๐โ๐ ๐ฎ๐ฌ๐ฎ๐ฒ ๐๐ฒ๐ณ๐ฒ๐ฎ๐
๐ง๐ต๐ฒ ๐๐ฎ๐๐ฎ ๐ฃ๐ผ๐น๐ฎ๐ฟ๐ถ๐๐ฎ๐๐ถ๐ผ๐ป: An overly rigid stance alienated crucial voting blocs.
๐๐ป๐๐ถ-๐๐ต๐ถ๐ป๐ฎ/๐ฅ๐๐๐๐ถ๐ฎ ๐ฃ๐ผ๐๐๐๐ฟ๐ฒ: Aggressive posturing backfired on the global stage.
๐ง๐ต๐ฒ ๐ง๐ฎ๐ธ๐ฒ๐ฎ๐๐ฎ๐: Unconditional alignment with major powers alienates the Global South. Strategic autonomy is non-negotiable.
โ
๐๐ผ๐ฟ๐ฒ ๐ฅ๐ผ๐ฎ๐ฑ๐ฏ๐น๐ผ๐ฐ๐ธ๐ ๐ณ๐ผ๐ฟ ๐๐ป๐ฑ๐ถ๐ฎ
๐ง๐ต๐ฒ ๐๐ฐ ๐๐ฎ๐ด๐ด๐ฎ๐ด๐ฒ: Campaigning as a bloc with Germany and Japan invites collective vetoes and resistance from rivals like China, Russia, and the Coffee Club.
๐ง๐ต๐ฒ ๐ช๐ฒ๐๐ ๐๐๐ถ๐ฎ ๐ง๐ถ๐ด๐ต๐๐ฟ๐ผ๐ฝ๐ฒ: India's 2028 29 non-permanent bid requires a delicate balancing act maintaining our pro-Israel stance without fracturing vital ties with Iran and Gulf nations.
๐ง๐ต๐ฒ ๐ฆ๐ผ๐๐๐ต ๐ฆ๐ผ๐๐๐ต ๐๐ถ๐๐ถ๐ฑ๐ฒ: Regions like Africa and Latin America demand permanent seats, but their lack of internal consensus paralyzes the broader reform movement.
โ๐ง๐ต๐ฒ ๐๐น๐๐ฒ๐ฝ๐ฟ๐ถ๐ป๐: ๐๐ป๐ฑ๐ถ๐ฎ'๐ ๐ช๐ฎ๐ ๐๐ผ๐ฟ๐๐ฎ๐ฟ๐ฑ
๐๐ฒ๐๐ฒ๐ฟ๐ฎ๐ด๐ฒ ๐๐ต๐ฒ ๐.๐ฒ๐ต ๐๐ฟ๐ผ๐๐ฝ๐ถ๐ป๐ด: India must aggressively rally this coalition of 40+ developing and small-island nations to build an immediate expansion mandate.
๐๐๐ฝ๐ฎ๐๐ ๐๐ป๐๐ฒ๐ฟ๐ด๐ผ๐๐ฒ๐ฟ๐ป๐บ๐ฒ๐ป๐๐ฎ๐น ๐๐ฒ๐ฎ๐ฑ๐น๐ผ๐ฐ๐ธ๐:
To break the China-Russia stalling tactics, India needs to initiate parallel, informal text-based negotiations to force momentum.
โTo claim its rightful place at the high table, India must navigate this diplomatic minefield as a leader of the Global South, not just an ally of the West.
โค5๐2
Forwarded from Ayush Raina UPSC (Mains Polity IR )
Which landmark judgment unanimously ruled that any law placed in the Ninth Schedule after April 24, 1973, is not absolutely immune from judicial review and can be struck down if it violates the "Basic Structure" of the Constitution?
Anonymous Quiz
17%
Waman Rao v. Union of India (1981)
53%
I.R. Coelho v. State of Tamil Nadu (2007)
9%
L. Chandra Kumar v. Union of India (1997)
21%
Shankari Prasad v. Union of India (1951)
๐4
Hello doston!
Class 9 Geography ki new NCERT ko YouTube par cover karne ka plan hai. Is series mein hum NCERT ke concepts ko simple explanation, maps aur exam-oriented approach ke saath samjheng Shall we start?
Class 9 Geography ki new NCERT ko YouTube par cover karne ka plan hai. Is series mein hum NCERT ke concepts ko simple explanation, maps aur exam-oriented approach ke saath samjheng Shall we start?
Anonymous Poll
72%
YES! Ive been waiting.
16%
No, I have already covered it
19%
Please cover something else(Comment your suggestions)
๐2โค1
UPPCS Prelims 2026 History PYQs Maha Marathon LIVE
Join us tomorrow at 2 PM for a focused History marathon session covering important PYQs, concepts, and exam-oriented revision for UPPCS Prelims 2026.
Set your reminder and attend live to strengthen your History preparation.
https://www.youtube.com/live/PCosKUTwLsA
Join us tomorrow at 2 PM for a focused History marathon session covering important PYQs, concepts, and exam-oriented revision for UPPCS Prelims 2026.
Set your reminder and attend live to strengthen your History preparation.
https://www.youtube.com/live/PCosKUTwLsA
โค4๐1
Forwarded from Upscale with Kuber Sir
You feel deep sorrow for a victim of a natural disaster and actively mobilize resources to help them. This is an example of
Anonymous Quiz
16%
Sympathy
38%
Empathy
33%
Compassion
14%
Emotional Intelligence
๐2
Forwarded from Sociology Sleepy Classes
Hello Doston
Sociology admin here
Pata nahi Shekhar sir ko kya ho gaya hai, subah se notes hi banaye jaa rahe hain ๐ฅฒ
Sir ki toh Kal ke Masterclass ke liye zoron shoron se prep chal rahi hai, aap bhi kar rahe hain ??
Sociology admin here
Pata nahi Shekhar sir ko kya ho gaya hai, subah se notes hi banaye jaa rahe hain ๐ฅฒ
Sir ki toh Kal ke Masterclass ke liye zoron shoron se prep chal rahi hai, aap bhi kar rahe hain ??
โค13๐1๐ฑ1
(itโs free if youโve ever been a sleepy student. just drop in an email at sleepy.classes@gmail and weโll send you the linkโฆ others can enrol on website)
Weโll cover the entire Sociology Paper 1 in one day tomorrow ๐
Weโll cover the entire Sociology Paper 1 in one day tomorrow ๐
โค8๐2
Workshop aaj hai doston!
UPSC 2027 ki preparation start karni hai but samajh nahi aa raha kahan se shuru karein?
Join this session!
We'll talk about where to start, how to plan your GS preparation, beginner mistakes to avoid, and how to build the right foundation from Day 1.
Link: https://sleepyclasses.com/upsc-gs-beginners-workshop/?source=Website
UPSC 2027 ki preparation start karni hai but samajh nahi aa raha kahan se shuru karein?
Join this session!
We'll talk about where to start, how to plan your GS preparation, beginner mistakes to avoid, and how to build the right foundation from Day 1.
Link: https://sleepyclasses.com/upsc-gs-beginners-workshop/?source=Website
โค2๐1
Forwarded from Sociology Sleepy Classes
Shekhar sir on FIRE๐ฅ
Teaching Sociology since 11am!!๐ซก
Unprecedented efforts to GET TOP RANK from Sociology this year๐๐ผ๐๐ผ
Teaching Sociology since 11am!!๐ซก
Unprecedented efforts to GET TOP RANK from Sociology this year๐๐ผ๐๐ผ
๐5
Sleepy Classes IAS
Goodmorning everyone, Today we start the CSAT series for UPSC 2027.. In this we will be alternating...PYQs of Maths, LR and English with one question a day Today the question is an easy LR question Try to solve half the question in your mind..before pickingโฆ
โGiven Equations
โA + B + C + D = 17 (1)
โA + C = 6 (2)
โP + Q + S + D = 15 (3)
โP + Q + R + B = 17 (4)
โP = R and Q = S
โStep 1
Find combined weight of B and D
Substitute eq (2) into eq (1)
(A + C) + B + D = 17
6 + B + D = 17
B + D = 11
โStep 2
Rewrite (3) and (4) using P and Q
Since P = R and Q = S
Eq (3) becomes
P + Q + Q + D = 15
P + 2Q + D = 15
Eq (4) becomes
P + Q + P + B = 17
2P + Q + B = 17
โStep 3
Solve for P + Q
Add the two new equations together
(P + 2Q + D) + (2P + Q + B) = 15 + 17
3P + 3Q + (B + D) = 32
โSubstitute B + D = 11
3(P + Q) + 11 = 32
3(P + Q) = 21
P + Q = 7
โNow seeing options we can say that option B is correct
โA + B + C + D = 17 (1)
โA + C = 6 (2)
โP + Q + S + D = 15 (3)
โP + Q + R + B = 17 (4)
โP = R and Q = S
โStep 1
Find combined weight of B and D
Substitute eq (2) into eq (1)
(A + C) + B + D = 17
6 + B + D = 17
B + D = 11
โStep 2
Rewrite (3) and (4) using P and Q
Since P = R and Q = S
Eq (3) becomes
P + Q + Q + D = 15
P + 2Q + D = 15
Eq (4) becomes
P + Q + P + B = 17
2P + Q + B = 17
โStep 3
Solve for P + Q
Add the two new equations together
(P + 2Q + D) + (2P + Q + B) = 15 + 17
3P + 3Q + (B + D) = 32
โSubstitute B + D = 11
3(P + Q) + 11 = 32
3(P + Q) = 21
P + Q = 7
โNow seeing options we can say that option B is correct
๐2โค1