Dear students,
These are the topics Ayush Sir has covered on Day 2 of the Three Day Mains Current Affairs Workshop.
Find PDF below
If you are appearing for UPSC Mains 2026, do not skip any of these topics.
https://lp.sleepyclasses.com/upsc-mains-current-affairs
These are the topics Ayush Sir has covered on Day 2 of the Three Day Mains Current Affairs Workshop.
Find PDF below
If you are appearing for UPSC Mains 2026, do not skip any of these topics.
https://lp.sleepyclasses.com/upsc-mains-current-affairs
Sleepyclasses
Sleepy Classes IAS
100 most important current affairs for UPSC Mains 2026 in a 3-day workshop by Sleepy Classes IAS. Choose online at โน2,499 or offline at โน4,999, with notes, recordings, and GS paper mapping.
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Forwarded from Environment for UPSC by Dr Manmeet Kaur
Environment July 2026 CA Topics.pdf
391.4 KB
โค1๐1
Sleepy Classes IAS
Day 15 CSAT PYQ Series Today, we will be looking at an LR question. We alternate between RC, LR and Quant PYQs in this series. Try to solve it. Solutions will be provided later today.
CSAT PYQ Series
Solution of Day 15
โThe pattern works by moving backward through the months by an increasing number (0, 1, 2, 3, etc.)
โJanuary (move back 0 months) = January
โJanuary (move back 1 month) = December
โDecember (move back 2 months) = October
โOctober (move back 3 months) = July (X)
โJuly (move back 4 months) = March
โMarch (move back 5 months) = October
โOctober (move back 6 months) = April (Y)
โApril (move back 7 months) = September
โTherefore, X is July and Y is April.
โThe correct option is
(b) July, April.
Solution of Day 15
โThe pattern works by moving backward through the months by an increasing number (0, 1, 2, 3, etc.)
โJanuary (move back 0 months) = January
โJanuary (move back 1 month) = December
โDecember (move back 2 months) = October
โOctober (move back 3 months) = July (X)
โJuly (move back 4 months) = March
โMarch (move back 5 months) = October
โOctober (move back 6 months) = April (Y)
โApril (move back 7 months) = September
โTherefore, X is July and Y is April.
โThe correct option is
(b) July, April.
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Jharkhand holds ~40% of Indiaโs mineral wealth, yet its mining districts remain among the poorest. Why?
Anonymous Quiz
27%
Lack of heavy processing & refining industries in the state
51%
Wealth flows outward while local land & livelihoods are destroyed
10%
All mineral royalties are legally sent to the Central Government
11%
Fifth Schedule provisions strictly ban large-scale mining
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Sleepy Classes IAS
Jharkhand holds ~40% of Indiaโs mineral wealth, yet its mining districts remain among the poorest. Why?
โThe massive wealth gap and the governance paradox holding the state back, explained:
โ๐๐ฒ๐ ๐๐ถ๐ด๐ต๐น๐ถ๐ด๐ต๐๐
โข Despite holding nearly half the country's mineral wealth, Jharkhand's mining districts remain severely underdeveloped.
โข The District Mineral Foundation Trust (DMFT) was created in 2015 to channel mining revenues directly into local development, but on-ground outcomes remain drastically limited.
โ๐๐ฒ๐ ๐๐๐๐๐ฒ๐
โข Poor Implementation: Low transparency and weak utilization of DMFT funds.
โข Missed Revenue: Delayed mine auctions are actively reducing royalty collections and killing local employment.
โข Broken Basics: Mining areas continue to suffer from poor healthcare, education, roads, and livelihoods. Wealth generation is completely failing to translate into inclusive local development.
โ๐๐ผ๐๐ฒ๐ฟ๐ป๐ฎ๐ป๐ฐ๐ฒ ๐๐ถ๐ณ๐ณ๐ฒ๐ฟ๐ฒ๐ป๐ฐ๐ฒ (The Odisha Contrast)
Despite similar mineral potential, the numbers tell a shocking story:
โข Mining Revenue (2025โ26): Odisha at ~โน46,000 crore vs. Jharkhand at only ~โน22,000 crore.
โข Iron Ore Production: Odisha consistently produced ~180 million tonnes (2018โ19 to 2024โ25), while Jharkhand stagnated around 23 million tonnes annually.
โ๐ช๐ฎ๐ ๐๐ผ๐ฟ๐๐ฎ๐ฟ๐ฑ
To turn resource wealth into real prosperity, Jharkhand must:
โข Fast-track mine auctions while strictly maintaining environmental safeguards.
โข Ensure 100% transparent and timely utilization of DMFT funds.
โข Empower locals by strengthening social audits, Gram Sabha participation, and public disclosure of projects.
โข Aggressively prioritize health, education, drinking water, and livelihoods.
โIt is time to balance mineral extraction with sustainable and inclusive development.
โ๐๐ฒ๐ ๐๐ถ๐ด๐ต๐น๐ถ๐ด๐ต๐๐
โข Despite holding nearly half the country's mineral wealth, Jharkhand's mining districts remain severely underdeveloped.
โข The District Mineral Foundation Trust (DMFT) was created in 2015 to channel mining revenues directly into local development, but on-ground outcomes remain drastically limited.
โ๐๐ฒ๐ ๐๐๐๐๐ฒ๐
โข Poor Implementation: Low transparency and weak utilization of DMFT funds.
โข Missed Revenue: Delayed mine auctions are actively reducing royalty collections and killing local employment.
โข Broken Basics: Mining areas continue to suffer from poor healthcare, education, roads, and livelihoods. Wealth generation is completely failing to translate into inclusive local development.
โ๐๐ผ๐๐ฒ๐ฟ๐ป๐ฎ๐ป๐ฐ๐ฒ ๐๐ถ๐ณ๐ณ๐ฒ๐ฟ๐ฒ๐ป๐ฐ๐ฒ (The Odisha Contrast)
Despite similar mineral potential, the numbers tell a shocking story:
โข Mining Revenue (2025โ26): Odisha at ~โน46,000 crore vs. Jharkhand at only ~โน22,000 crore.
โข Iron Ore Production: Odisha consistently produced ~180 million tonnes (2018โ19 to 2024โ25), while Jharkhand stagnated around 23 million tonnes annually.
โ๐ช๐ฎ๐ ๐๐ผ๐ฟ๐๐ฎ๐ฟ๐ฑ
To turn resource wealth into real prosperity, Jharkhand must:
โข Fast-track mine auctions while strictly maintaining environmental safeguards.
โข Ensure 100% transparent and timely utilization of DMFT funds.
โข Empower locals by strengthening social audits, Gram Sabha participation, and public disclosure of projects.
โข Aggressively prioritize health, education, drinking water, and livelihoods.
โIt is time to balance mineral extraction with sustainable and inclusive development.
โค5๐3
Forwarded from Environment for UPSC by Dr Manmeet Kaur
Day 5
Solastalgia
Key Environment Terms
It is the emotional distress or โhomesicknessโ one feels when your home environment changes in unwanted ways, even though youโre still living there.
Itโs the pain of watching a beloved place lose its familiar comfort, solace, or identity due to environmental degradation.
The term was coined in 2003 by Australian environmental philosopher Glenn Albrecht during his work with communities affected by open-cut coal mining in New South Wales.
Solastalgia
Key Environment Terms
It is the emotional distress or โhomesicknessโ one feels when your home environment changes in unwanted ways, even though youโre still living there.
Itโs the pain of watching a beloved place lose its familiar comfort, solace, or identity due to environmental degradation.
The term was coined in 2003 by Australian environmental philosopher Glenn Albrecht during his work with communities affected by open-cut coal mining in New South Wales.
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The RPwD Act (2016) shifted Indiaโs approach to disability from "Charity and Welfare" to a strict legal "Right." Under this new law, who is legally obligated to provide "reasonable accommodation"?
Anonymous Quiz
24%
Strictly Government & Public offices
49%
Both the State AND Private actors
15%
Only institutions issuing UDID cards
12%
Only organizations funded by the state
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For all writing UPSC Mains 2026.
Sleepy Classes is back with
The Most Exam Like Sociology Mains Mock
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https://shorturl.at/krUgT
Sleepy Classes is back with
The Most Exam Like Sociology Mains Mock
Register Now!
https://shorturl.at/krUgT
๐3
Prelims Sleepy Series 2026
All 100 questions.
30 days.
Download the PDF given below.
An addition in this PDF.
The LLM question โ PDF 11 (Science & Tech).
Statement 3 is that "LLMs produce unbiased outputs" (false โ they inherit training-data bias).
Correct answer: (b) 1 and 2 only.
All 100 questions.
30 days.
Download the PDF given below.
An addition in this PDF.
The LLM question โ PDF 11 (Science & Tech).
Statement 3 is that "LLMs produce unbiased outputs" (false โ they inherit training-data bias).
Correct answer: (b) 1 and 2 only.
๐2
In the context of the 16th Finance Commission, What exactly causes the new "double burden" for disadvantaged states ?
Anonymous Quiz
14%
A reduction in the overall 41% vertical tax devolution to states.
13%
Strict new performance targets tied to โน7.2 lakh crore in local grants.
39%
Rewarding GDP contribution while eliminating Revenue Deficit Grants.
34%
Shifting state-specific compensatory funds exclusively to high-performing states.
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Sleepy Classes IAS
The RPwD Act (2016) shifted Indiaโs approach to disability from "Charity and Welfare" to a strict legal "Right." Under this new law, who is legally obligated to provide "reasonable accommodation"?
Paradigm Shift
The RPwD Act, 2016 shifted disability policy from welfare to rights, expanding recognized categories from 7 to 21 and establishing concepts like reasonable accommodation.
Judicial Reinforcement:
In Vikash Kumar v. UPSC the Supreme Court ruled that reasonable accommodation is central to equality, creating positive obligations for the State and private actors.
Data and Undercounting Gaps:
Census 2011 recorded 2.68 crore disabled persons, far below global estimates, leading to under-budgeting and under-representation.
Implementation Barriers:
Challenges include delayed Unique Disability ID (UDID) certifications, fragmented enforcement, weak grievance redressal, and uneven physical or digital accessibility.
Intersectionality:
Disability intersects with poverty, caste, gender, region, and climate risk, compounding barriers for marginalized groups.
Way Forward:
Recommendations include a National Accessibility Compliance Mission, mandatory universal design standards, and active representation under the principle of "Nothing about us without us".
The RPwD Act, 2016 shifted disability policy from welfare to rights, expanding recognized categories from 7 to 21 and establishing concepts like reasonable accommodation.
Judicial Reinforcement:
In Vikash Kumar v. UPSC the Supreme Court ruled that reasonable accommodation is central to equality, creating positive obligations for the State and private actors.
Data and Undercounting Gaps:
Census 2011 recorded 2.68 crore disabled persons, far below global estimates, leading to under-budgeting and under-representation.
Implementation Barriers:
Challenges include delayed Unique Disability ID (UDID) certifications, fragmented enforcement, weak grievance redressal, and uneven physical or digital accessibility.
Intersectionality:
Disability intersects with poverty, caste, gender, region, and climate risk, compounding barriers for marginalized groups.
Way Forward:
Recommendations include a National Accessibility Compliance Mission, mandatory universal design standards, and active representation under the principle of "Nothing about us without us".
โค6๐2
Sleepy Classes IAS
In the context of the 16th Finance Commission, What exactly causes the new "double burden" for disadvantaged states ?
โ๐๐จ๐ฅ๐ ๐จ๐ ๐ญ๐ก๐ ๐
๐:
Bridges fiscal gaps and inequalities between the Union and states.
โ๐ ๐-๐๐ ๐๐ก๐ข๐๐ญ๐ฌ:
Retains 41% tax devolution but eliminates Revenue Deficit and state-specific grants.
โ๐๐ช๐ฎ๐ข๐ญ๐ฒ ๐ฏ๐ฌ. ๐๐๐๐ข๐๐ข๐๐ง๐๐ฒ (๐๐ก๐ ๐๐จ๐ฎ๐๐ฅ๐ ๐๐ฎ๐ซ๐๐๐ง):
Disadvantaged and North-Eastern states suffer a two-fold hit: a reduced tax share (due to new GDP contribution weights and lower income distance) combined with the total loss of compensatory safety-net grants.
โ๐๐จ๐๐๐ฅ ๐๐จ๐๐ฒ ๐๐ซ๐๐ง๐ญ๐ฌ:
โน7.2 lakh crore allocated, but it is tied to strict performance targets, reducing local fiscal autonomy.
โ๐๐ญ๐๐ญ๐ ๐๐ข๐ฌ๐๐๐ฏ๐๐ง๐ญ๐๐ ๐๐ฌ:
Rigid formulas ignore unique regional burdens (e.g., in Kerala, Punjab, and hill states).
โ๐๐๐ฒ ๐ ๐จ๐ซ๐ฐ๐๐ซ๐:
Fiscal federalism must balance performance rewards with fairness for structurally disadvantaged states.
Bridges fiscal gaps and inequalities between the Union and states.
โ๐ ๐-๐๐ ๐๐ก๐ข๐๐ญ๐ฌ:
Retains 41% tax devolution but eliminates Revenue Deficit and state-specific grants.
โ๐๐ช๐ฎ๐ข๐ญ๐ฒ ๐ฏ๐ฌ. ๐๐๐๐ข๐๐ข๐๐ง๐๐ฒ (๐๐ก๐ ๐๐จ๐ฎ๐๐ฅ๐ ๐๐ฎ๐ซ๐๐๐ง):
Disadvantaged and North-Eastern states suffer a two-fold hit: a reduced tax share (due to new GDP contribution weights and lower income distance) combined with the total loss of compensatory safety-net grants.
โ๐๐จ๐๐๐ฅ ๐๐จ๐๐ฒ ๐๐ซ๐๐ง๐ญ๐ฌ:
โน7.2 lakh crore allocated, but it is tied to strict performance targets, reducing local fiscal autonomy.
โ๐๐ญ๐๐ญ๐ ๐๐ข๐ฌ๐๐๐ฏ๐๐ง๐ญ๐๐ ๐๐ฌ:
Rigid formulas ignore unique regional burdens (e.g., in Kerala, Punjab, and hill states).
โ๐๐๐ฒ ๐ ๐จ๐ซ๐ฐ๐๐ซ๐:
Fiscal federalism must balance performance rewards with fairness for structurally disadvantaged states.
โค4๐2
Sleepy Classes IAS
Day 16 CSAT PYQ Series Today, we will be looking at a Maths question. We alternate between RC, LR and Quant PYQs in this series. Try to solve it. Solutions will be provided later today.
This is the Handwritten solution of Today's CSAT Maths PYQ.
This is an elaborate explanation of every step just for your understanding.
You are not supposed to solve this in such a lengthy way.
Think like this..
2 incorrect entries, So once we are done with the 100-0 calculation we get number of students as 25.
Make sure the next correction is done after the first correction so the average is x+4 when we solve for the 56/81 error ( The difference is 25 this is instinct because number of students is also 25 so now it's divisible)
Subtracting equations we get y-x as 3
Let us know if there are any doubts
This is an elaborate explanation of every step just for your understanding.
You are not supposed to solve this in such a lengthy way.
Think like this..
2 incorrect entries, So once we are done with the 100-0 calculation we get number of students as 25.
Make sure the next correction is done after the first correction so the average is x+4 when we solve for the 56/81 error ( The difference is 25 this is instinct because number of students is also 25 so now it's divisible)
Subtracting equations we get y-x as 3
Let us know if there are any doubts
โค6๐1