Top-10 Exporters of Clothing, 2018:
1.🇨🇳 China: $158.4b
2.🇪🇺 EU: $129.8b
3.🇧🇩 Bangladesh: $29.3b
4.🇻🇳 Vietnam: $26.7b
5.🇮🇳 India: $18.4b
6.🇹🇷 Turkey: $15.1b
7.🇭🇰 Hong Kong: $14.5b
8.🇮🇩 Indonesia: $8.2b
9.🇰🇭 Cambodia: $7.2b
10.🇺🇸 US: $5.7b
(WTO)
#facts
#Economy
#Employment
1.🇨🇳 China: $158.4b
2.🇪🇺 EU: $129.8b
3.🇧🇩 Bangladesh: $29.3b
4.🇻🇳 Vietnam: $26.7b
5.🇮🇳 India: $18.4b
6.🇹🇷 Turkey: $15.1b
7.🇭🇰 Hong Kong: $14.5b
8.🇮🇩 Indonesia: $8.2b
9.🇰🇭 Cambodia: $7.2b
10.🇺🇸 US: $5.7b
(WTO)
#facts
#Economy
#Employment
Effective rate of taxation:
1-Effective rate of taxation is the ratio of tax collected to the tax base.
2-The divergence between official rate of tax and effective rate of tax arises on account of the exemptions to the tax rate like on payments under section 80 C of Income tax act etc.
3-This is also called revenue foregone whose magnitude is indeed high in India.
#prelims #Economy #targetshots #facts
For Registration
http://bit.do/targetupscparishram
https://targetupsc.in/test-series.html
1-Effective rate of taxation is the ratio of tax collected to the tax base.
2-The divergence between official rate of tax and effective rate of tax arises on account of the exemptions to the tax rate like on payments under section 80 C of Income tax act etc.
3-This is also called revenue foregone whose magnitude is indeed high in India.
#prelims #Economy #targetshots #facts
For Registration
http://bit.do/targetupscparishram
https://targetupsc.in/test-series.html
"CRISIL DRIP Index"
1) CRISIL's Deficient Rainfall Impact Parameter (DRIP).
2) provides a better assessment of deficiency because it considers the irrigation buffer available.
3)The higher the DRIP score, the more adverse impact of deficient rains.
4) Haryana is a case in point where for most of July and August, rainfall deficiency has been over 12%. But the state’s DRIP score has stayed low simply because it is well irrigated.
#prelim_2020 #Target_Shots #facts
Also Know!
potential evapotranspiration?
To know about Parishram
http://bit.do/targetupscparishram
https://targetupsc.in/test-series.html
1) CRISIL's Deficient Rainfall Impact Parameter (DRIP).
2) provides a better assessment of deficiency because it considers the irrigation buffer available.
3)The higher the DRIP score, the more adverse impact of deficient rains.
4) Haryana is a case in point where for most of July and August, rainfall deficiency has been over 12%. But the state’s DRIP score has stayed low simply because it is well irrigated.
#prelim_2020 #Target_Shots #facts
Also Know!
potential evapotranspiration?
To know about Parishram
http://bit.do/targetupscparishram
https://targetupsc.in/test-series.html
“Emissions Gap”?
1) Also called as the “Commitment Gap”
2) It is the difference between the low level of emissions that the world needs to drop to, compared with the projected level of emissions based on countries’ current commitments to De-carbonization.
findings of the report:
@ The world will fail to meet the 1.5°C temperature goal of the Paris Agreement unless global greenhouse gas emissions fall by 7.6 per cent each year.
@ The top four emitters (China, USA, EU and India) contributed to over 55% of the total emissions over the last decade, excluding emissions from land-use change such as deforestation.
@ The rankings would change if land-use change emissions were included, with Brazil likely to be the largest emitter.
#prelim_2020 #target_shots #Environment #Report #Facts
1) Also called as the “Commitment Gap”
2) It is the difference between the low level of emissions that the world needs to drop to, compared with the projected level of emissions based on countries’ current commitments to De-carbonization.
findings of the report:
@ The world will fail to meet the 1.5°C temperature goal of the Paris Agreement unless global greenhouse gas emissions fall by 7.6 per cent each year.
@ The top four emitters (China, USA, EU and India) contributed to over 55% of the total emissions over the last decade, excluding emissions from land-use change such as deforestation.
@ The rankings would change if land-use change emissions were included, with Brazil likely to be the largest emitter.
#prelim_2020 #target_shots #Environment #Report #Facts
"Milk Adulteration":
- National Milk Safety and Quality Survey 2018 was conducted by a third party across all States and UTs and recently released by FSSAI.
- According to the survey, Telangana, Madhya Pradesh and Kerala accounted for the highest number of cases of adulteration.
-The adulterants like aflatoxin-M1, antibiotics and pesticides such as urea, hydrogen peroxide, detergent were found in the milk.
- The adulteration was mainly on account of low fat or low SNF (Solid Non-Fat) or both.
-Aflatoxin-M1 is more dominant in processed milk than raw milk, which is life threatening, usually through damage to liver.
-It comes in the milk through feed and fodder that are currently not regulated in the country
-Tamil Nadu, Delhi and Kerala were top three States where Aflatoxin residue was found the most.
-India is the world‘s largest producer of milk with the total estimated milk production in the country was 176.35 million tonnes during 2017-18.
#prelim_2020 #Facts #Food_Processing
- National Milk Safety and Quality Survey 2018 was conducted by a third party across all States and UTs and recently released by FSSAI.
- According to the survey, Telangana, Madhya Pradesh and Kerala accounted for the highest number of cases of adulteration.
-The adulterants like aflatoxin-M1, antibiotics and pesticides such as urea, hydrogen peroxide, detergent were found in the milk.
- The adulteration was mainly on account of low fat or low SNF (Solid Non-Fat) or both.
-Aflatoxin-M1 is more dominant in processed milk than raw milk, which is life threatening, usually through damage to liver.
-It comes in the milk through feed and fodder that are currently not regulated in the country
-Tamil Nadu, Delhi and Kerala were top three States where Aflatoxin residue was found the most.
-India is the world‘s largest producer of milk with the total estimated milk production in the country was 176.35 million tonnes during 2017-18.
#prelim_2020 #Facts #Food_Processing
Decline in global population, past decade.
Butterflies: 53%
Beetles: 49%
Bees: 46%
Dragonflies: 37%
Flies: 25%
#Biological #Conservation
Spectator Index.
#facts
Butterflies: 53%
Beetles: 49%
Bees: 46%
Dragonflies: 37%
Flies: 25%
#Biological #Conservation
Spectator Index.
#facts
Human Development Report:
@ India was ranked 129 out of 189 countries on the 2019 Human Development Index (HDI) improving from the 130th position in 2018.
The Human Development Index (HDI)
@ HDI is a statistical tool used to measure a country's overall achievement in its social and economic dimensions.
@ Pakistani economist Mahbub ul Haq created HDI in 1990 which was further used to measure the country's development by the United Nations Development Program (UNDP).
@ Calculation of the index combines four major indicators
o life expectancy for health
o Expected years of schooling,
o Mean of years of schooling for education and
o Gross National Income per capita for standard of living.
India's Performance
@ India's HDI value increased by 50% (from 0.431 to 0.647), which places it above the average for other South Asian countries (0.642)
@ In India, between 1990 and 2018, life expectancy at birth increased by 11.6 years, mean years of schooling increased by 3.5 years and expected years of schooling increased by 4.7 years. Per capita incomes rose by over 250%.
#prelim_2020 #target_shots #Economy #Facts
Also Know!
Various Human Development approaches?
@ India was ranked 129 out of 189 countries on the 2019 Human Development Index (HDI) improving from the 130th position in 2018.
The Human Development Index (HDI)
@ HDI is a statistical tool used to measure a country's overall achievement in its social and economic dimensions.
@ Pakistani economist Mahbub ul Haq created HDI in 1990 which was further used to measure the country's development by the United Nations Development Program (UNDP).
@ Calculation of the index combines four major indicators
o life expectancy for health
o Expected years of schooling,
o Mean of years of schooling for education and
o Gross National Income per capita for standard of living.
India's Performance
@ India's HDI value increased by 50% (from 0.431 to 0.647), which places it above the average for other South Asian countries (0.642)
@ In India, between 1990 and 2018, life expectancy at birth increased by 11.6 years, mean years of schooling increased by 3.5 years and expected years of schooling increased by 4.7 years. Per capita incomes rose by over 250%.
#prelim_2020 #target_shots #Economy #Facts
Also Know!
Various Human Development approaches?
Forwarded from TARGET UPSC by Dr.Sudarshan Lodha (AIR 571 ) (Dipak)
Human Development Report:
@ India was ranked 129 out of 189 countries on the 2019 Human Development Index (HDI) improving from the 130th position in 2018.
The Human Development Index (HDI)
@ HDI is a statistical tool used to measure a country's overall achievement in its social and economic dimensions.
@ Pakistani economist Mahbub ul Haq created HDI in 1990 which was further used to measure the country's development by the United Nations Development Program (UNDP).
@ Calculation of the index combines four major indicators
o life expectancy for health
o Expected years of schooling,
o Mean of years of schooling for education and
o Gross National Income per capita for standard of living.
India's Performance
@ India's HDI value increased by 50% (from 0.431 to 0.647), which places it above the average for other South Asian countries (0.642)
@ In India, between 1990 and 2018, life expectancy at birth increased by 11.6 years, mean years of schooling increased by 3.5 years and expected years of schooling increased by 4.7 years. Per capita incomes rose by over 250%.
#prelim_2020 #target_shots #Economy #Facts
Also Know!
Various Human Development approaches?
@ India was ranked 129 out of 189 countries on the 2019 Human Development Index (HDI) improving from the 130th position in 2018.
The Human Development Index (HDI)
@ HDI is a statistical tool used to measure a country's overall achievement in its social and economic dimensions.
@ Pakistani economist Mahbub ul Haq created HDI in 1990 which was further used to measure the country's development by the United Nations Development Program (UNDP).
@ Calculation of the index combines four major indicators
o life expectancy for health
o Expected years of schooling,
o Mean of years of schooling for education and
o Gross National Income per capita for standard of living.
India's Performance
@ India's HDI value increased by 50% (from 0.431 to 0.647), which places it above the average for other South Asian countries (0.642)
@ In India, between 1990 and 2018, life expectancy at birth increased by 11.6 years, mean years of schooling increased by 3.5 years and expected years of schooling increased by 4.7 years. Per capita incomes rose by over 250%.
#prelim_2020 #target_shots #Economy #Facts
Also Know!
Various Human Development approaches?
Gender Inequality Index:
GII presents a composite measure of gender inequality using three dimensions:
1) Reproductive health,
2) Empowerment and
3) The labour market.
@ In GII, India is at 122 out of 162 countries.
@ Neighbours China (39), Sri Lanka (86), Bhutan (99), Myanmar (106) were placed above India.
@ The report notes that the world is not on track to achieve gender equality by 2030 as per the UN's Sustainable Development Goals (SDG -5).
@ It forecasts that it may take 202 years to close the gender gap in economic opportunity.
@ The report presents a new "social norms index" indicating how prejudices and social beliefs obstruct gender equality, which shows that only 14% of women and 10% of men worldwide have no gender bias.
@ The report highlights that new forms of inequalities will manifest in future through climate change and technological transformation.
#Index #facts #prelim_2020 #target_shots
Also Know!
MPI?
GII presents a composite measure of gender inequality using three dimensions:
1) Reproductive health,
2) Empowerment and
3) The labour market.
@ In GII, India is at 122 out of 162 countries.
@ Neighbours China (39), Sri Lanka (86), Bhutan (99), Myanmar (106) were placed above India.
@ The report notes that the world is not on track to achieve gender equality by 2030 as per the UN's Sustainable Development Goals (SDG -5).
@ It forecasts that it may take 202 years to close the gender gap in economic opportunity.
@ The report presents a new "social norms index" indicating how prejudices and social beliefs obstruct gender equality, which shows that only 14% of women and 10% of men worldwide have no gender bias.
@ The report highlights that new forms of inequalities will manifest in future through climate change and technological transformation.
#Index #facts #prelim_2020 #target_shots
Also Know!
MPI?
Forwarded from TARGET UPSC by Dr.Sudarshan Lodha (AIR 571 ) (Dipak)
Gender Inequality Index:
GII presents a composite measure of gender inequality using three dimensions:
1) Reproductive health,
2) Empowerment and
3) The labour market.
@ In GII, India is at 122 out of 162 countries.
@ Neighbours China (39), Sri Lanka (86), Bhutan (99), Myanmar (106) were placed above India.
@ The report notes that the world is not on track to achieve gender equality by 2030 as per the UN's Sustainable Development Goals (SDG -5).
@ It forecasts that it may take 202 years to close the gender gap in economic opportunity.
@ The report presents a new "social norms index" indicating how prejudices and social beliefs obstruct gender equality, which shows that only 14% of women and 10% of men worldwide have no gender bias.
@ The report highlights that new forms of inequalities will manifest in future through climate change and technological transformation.
#Index #facts #prelim_2020 #target_shots
Also Know!
MPI?
GII presents a composite measure of gender inequality using three dimensions:
1) Reproductive health,
2) Empowerment and
3) The labour market.
@ In GII, India is at 122 out of 162 countries.
@ Neighbours China (39), Sri Lanka (86), Bhutan (99), Myanmar (106) were placed above India.
@ The report notes that the world is not on track to achieve gender equality by 2030 as per the UN's Sustainable Development Goals (SDG -5).
@ It forecasts that it may take 202 years to close the gender gap in economic opportunity.
@ The report presents a new "social norms index" indicating how prejudices and social beliefs obstruct gender equality, which shows that only 14% of women and 10% of men worldwide have no gender bias.
@ The report highlights that new forms of inequalities will manifest in future through climate change and technological transformation.
#Index #facts #prelim_2020 #target_shots
Also Know!
MPI?
Gender Gap Index:
@ India has been ranked 112th among 153 countries in the annual Global Gender Gap Index for 2020.
@ Published by : the World Economic Forum (WEF).
# The Global Gender Gap Index benchmarks 153 countries on their progress towards gender parity in four dimensions:
1. Economic Participation and Opportunity,
2. Educational Attainment,
3. Health and Survival and
4. Political Empowerment
@ The Index aims to serve as a compass to track progress on relative gaps between women and men on health, education, economy and politics.
@ Iceland, Norway, and Finland occupy the top three spots in the Report.
@ Over the Index, the highest possible score is 1 (equality) and the lowest possible score is 0 (inequality).
@ Performance on Four Indicators: India has improved to 18th place on political empowerment but it has slipped to 150th on health and survival, to 149th in terms of economic participation and opportunity and to 112th place for educational attainment.
@ The overall global gender gap will close in 99.5 years on average, across the 107 countries covered continuously since the first edition of the Report.
@ The largest gender disparity is in political empowerment. only 21% of the ministers are women (around the world) .
#Women #Facts #Essay #Mains #Target_Shots #Report
@ India has been ranked 112th among 153 countries in the annual Global Gender Gap Index for 2020.
@ Published by : the World Economic Forum (WEF).
# The Global Gender Gap Index benchmarks 153 countries on their progress towards gender parity in four dimensions:
1. Economic Participation and Opportunity,
2. Educational Attainment,
3. Health and Survival and
4. Political Empowerment
@ The Index aims to serve as a compass to track progress on relative gaps between women and men on health, education, economy and politics.
@ Iceland, Norway, and Finland occupy the top three spots in the Report.
@ Over the Index, the highest possible score is 1 (equality) and the lowest possible score is 0 (inequality).
@ Performance on Four Indicators: India has improved to 18th place on political empowerment but it has slipped to 150th on health and survival, to 149th in terms of economic participation and opportunity and to 112th place for educational attainment.
@ The overall global gender gap will close in 99.5 years on average, across the 107 countries covered continuously since the first edition of the Report.
@ The largest gender disparity is in political empowerment. only 21% of the ministers are women (around the world) .
#Women #Facts #Essay #Mains #Target_Shots #Report
"Biodiversity Hope Spot"
@ A hope spot is an area of ocean that is under special protection because of its wildlife and significant under water habitat.
@ They are places where human activities and impacts will be minimized, the unique and vital ecosystems within the Hope Spots will have a chance to recover and to flourish.
@ Dr. Earle named these areas Hope Spots because they represent a real hope to restore the health of our imperiled ocean.
@ During the 3rd International Marine Protected Areas Congress (IMPAC3), the Mission Blue and IUCN have launched 31 new Mission Blue Hope Spots Marine Protected Areas across the globe.
@ Mission Blue is an initiative of the Sylvia Earle Alliance to ignite public support for the protection of Hope Spots
@ "The ocean as a system, our life support system, is in trouble and whatever we can do, whether it’s in our community, state or country, region, or in the high seas, we should really respect what the ocean gives us,” says Sylvia Earle.
#target_shots #prelim_2020 #Essay #facts #Environment
Also Know!
Hope Spots in India?
@ A hope spot is an area of ocean that is under special protection because of its wildlife and significant under water habitat.
@ They are places where human activities and impacts will be minimized, the unique and vital ecosystems within the Hope Spots will have a chance to recover and to flourish.
@ Dr. Earle named these areas Hope Spots because they represent a real hope to restore the health of our imperiled ocean.
@ During the 3rd International Marine Protected Areas Congress (IMPAC3), the Mission Blue and IUCN have launched 31 new Mission Blue Hope Spots Marine Protected Areas across the globe.
@ Mission Blue is an initiative of the Sylvia Earle Alliance to ignite public support for the protection of Hope Spots
@ "The ocean as a system, our life support system, is in trouble and whatever we can do, whether it’s in our community, state or country, region, or in the high seas, we should really respect what the ocean gives us,” says Sylvia Earle.
#target_shots #prelim_2020 #Essay #facts #Environment
Also Know!
Hope Spots in India?
Saksham 2020:
@ 'Saksham', an annual one-month long fuel conservation mega campaign of Petroleum Conservation Research Association (PCRA) under the aegis of Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas.
@ Saksham where in general public is involved in various activities.
@ By mid 2020s India will be the world’s largest growth market accounting for 25% of global energy demand growth.
@ Today 83% of India’s crude oil requirement is met through import.
#prelim_2020 #target_shots #Facts
@ 'Saksham', an annual one-month long fuel conservation mega campaign of Petroleum Conservation Research Association (PCRA) under the aegis of Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas.
@ Saksham where in general public is involved in various activities.
@ By mid 2020s India will be the world’s largest growth market accounting for 25% of global energy demand growth.
@ Today 83% of India’s crude oil requirement is met through import.
#prelim_2020 #target_shots #Facts
A Rare Tansit of Mercury:
@ The planet of Mercury skipped across the vast, glaring face of the sun in a rare celestial transit.
# Facts about mercury.
@ Mercury is nearly tidally locked to the Sun – also known as a gravitational lock.
@ Over time this has slowed the rotation of the planet to almost match its orbit around the Sun.
@ It is one of five planets that are visible to the naked eye.
@ After the Earth, Mercury is the second densest planet.
@ Mercury has no moons or rings
@ Mercury is only the second hottest planet.
@ The orbit of Mercury was important in proving Albert Einstein‘s theory of General Relativity.
@ Mercury has a very thin atmosphere.
@ Only two spacecraft have ever visited Mercury: they are Mariner 10 and Messenger.
#target_shots #prelim_2020 #science #Facts
@ The planet of Mercury skipped across the vast, glaring face of the sun in a rare celestial transit.
# Facts about mercury.
@ Mercury is nearly tidally locked to the Sun – also known as a gravitational lock.
@ Over time this has slowed the rotation of the planet to almost match its orbit around the Sun.
@ It is one of five planets that are visible to the naked eye.
@ After the Earth, Mercury is the second densest planet.
@ Mercury has no moons or rings
@ Mercury is only the second hottest planet.
@ The orbit of Mercury was important in proving Albert Einstein‘s theory of General Relativity.
@ Mercury has a very thin atmosphere.
@ Only two spacecraft have ever visited Mercury: they are Mariner 10 and Messenger.
#target_shots #prelim_2020 #science #Facts
Diseases Linked to Bats
1- All bats can carry viruses.
2- Many high-profile epidemics have been traced to bats.
a) Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) antibodies were found in insectivorous bats.
b) Ebola antibodies were found in Hammer-headed fruit bat.
c) Indian Flying Fox, hosts over 50 viruses.
d) Rabies
3-Long periods of flying raises the temperatures of bats, boosting their immune responses and helps them survive the microbes’ pathogenic effects.
#Target_Shots #Facts #Disease
1- All bats can carry viruses.
2- Many high-profile epidemics have been traced to bats.
a) Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) antibodies were found in insectivorous bats.
b) Ebola antibodies were found in Hammer-headed fruit bat.
c) Indian Flying Fox, hosts over 50 viruses.
d) Rabies
3-Long periods of flying raises the temperatures of bats, boosting their immune responses and helps them survive the microbes’ pathogenic effects.
#Target_Shots #Facts #Disease
Biodiversity coldspot:
@ Biodiversity coldspot is a region that does not have as high species richness as found in biological hotspots.
@ Important to conserve them, as they may be the only location where a rare species is found.
#Target_Shots #Environment #Pre_2020 #Facts
@ Biodiversity coldspot is a region that does not have as high species richness as found in biological hotspots.
@ Important to conserve them, as they may be the only location where a rare species is found.
#Target_Shots #Environment #Pre_2020 #Facts
Valuable product & Uses.
1) Propolis:
@ Is a natural resinous substance produced by honeybees increased interest in the use of propolis as an antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, and antioxidant agent.
@ Pollen, propolis is a resinous substance used as gum.
2) Bee venom:
@ Is given as a shot for rheumatoid arthritis, nerve pain (neuralgia), multiple sclerosis (MS), reducing the reaction to bee stings.
3) Beeswax:
@ Finds varied applications in the pharmaceutical industry viz. ointments, balms, soft-gel, creams and in the cosmetic industry viz. creams, lip jellies, pomades, lipsticks etc.
4) Royal jelly's composition:
@ It is high in pantothenic acid (Vitamin B5), the anti-stress vitamin and has been shown in studies to increase endurance whilst under stress and increase vigour and vitality/fertility.
#Target_Shots #Facts
1) Propolis:
@ Is a natural resinous substance produced by honeybees increased interest in the use of propolis as an antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, and antioxidant agent.
@ Pollen, propolis is a resinous substance used as gum.
2) Bee venom:
@ Is given as a shot for rheumatoid arthritis, nerve pain (neuralgia), multiple sclerosis (MS), reducing the reaction to bee stings.
3) Beeswax:
@ Finds varied applications in the pharmaceutical industry viz. ointments, balms, soft-gel, creams and in the cosmetic industry viz. creams, lip jellies, pomades, lipsticks etc.
4) Royal jelly's composition:
@ It is high in pantothenic acid (Vitamin B5), the anti-stress vitamin and has been shown in studies to increase endurance whilst under stress and increase vigour and vitality/fertility.
#Target_Shots #Facts
EU Green deal-
◆Launched at COP 25 by EU a climate action plan known as European Green Deal after the failures of any concrete agreement by global community
◆Major Decisions under Green Deal
1.Achieving Climate Neutrality-
To become “climate neutral” by 2050 and to achieve this, a law will be brought which will be binding on all member countries.
2.Increasing 2030 Emission Reduction Targets-
Increase the reduction in its emissions to at least 50% and work towards 55% in the near future.
#Facts
1.Bhutan and Suriname are the only carbon neutral countries in the world
2.The EU is the third-largest emitter of greenhouse gases in the world after China and the USA.
#Prelim2020
◆Launched at COP 25 by EU a climate action plan known as European Green Deal after the failures of any concrete agreement by global community
◆Major Decisions under Green Deal
1.Achieving Climate Neutrality-
To become “climate neutral” by 2050 and to achieve this, a law will be brought which will be binding on all member countries.
2.Increasing 2030 Emission Reduction Targets-
Increase the reduction in its emissions to at least 50% and work towards 55% in the near future.
#Facts
1.Bhutan and Suriname are the only carbon neutral countries in the world
2.The EU is the third-largest emitter of greenhouse gases in the world after China and the USA.
#Prelim2020