#Geography_Basics #PT2020
Factors behind Tropical Cyclones
1. Large sea surface with temperature higher than 27° C.
2. Presence of the Coriolis force enough to create a cyclonic vortex.
3. Small variations in the vertical wind speed.
4. A pre-existing weak low-pressure area or low-level-cyclonic circulation
5. Upper divergence above the sea level system.
Factors behind Tropical Cyclones
1. Large sea surface with temperature higher than 27° C.
2. Presence of the Coriolis force enough to create a cyclonic vortex.
3. Small variations in the vertical wind speed.
4. A pre-existing weak low-pressure area or low-level-cyclonic circulation
5. Upper divergence above the sea level system.
#Geography_Basics #PT2020
Bay of Bengal is more prone to Tropical cyclones than Arabian Sea - Reasons
- Relatively high sea surface temperature in BoB, as its Landlocked
- Low Salinity due to huge influx of fresh water from rivers like Ganga and Brahmaputra…
- High evaporation rates in BoB
Bay of Bengal is more prone to Tropical cyclones than Arabian Sea - Reasons
- Relatively high sea surface temperature in BoB, as its Landlocked
- Low Salinity due to huge influx of fresh water from rivers like Ganga and Brahmaputra…
- High evaporation rates in BoB
#Geography_Basics #PT2020
Permafrost
- It is the land that remains completely frozen at 0 degrees Celsius or below for at least 2 years.
- It is defined solely based on temperature and duration.
- It is permanently frozen ground, consisting of soil, sand, and rock held together by ice.
- Its believed to have formed during glacial periods dating several millennia.
Permafrost
- It is the land that remains completely frozen at 0 degrees Celsius or below for at least 2 years.
- It is defined solely based on temperature and duration.
- It is permanently frozen ground, consisting of soil, sand, and rock held together by ice.
- Its believed to have formed during glacial periods dating several millennia.
#Geography_Basics #PT2020 #Facts_Prelims
Some Important Passes
1. Aghil Pass -Connects Ladakh & Xinjiang (China)
2. Banihal Pass, Pir Panjal Range. Connects Banihal with Qazigund
3. Bara-lacha-La Himachal Pradesh. It is situated in Zanskar range
4. Bomdi La - Arunachal Pradesh, Connects Arunachal Pradesh with Lhasa (Tibet)
5. Chang La Pass, Connects Ladakh with Tibet
6. Chanshal Pass - Himachal Pradesh
7. Debsa Pass Himachal Pradesh, Connects Spiti Valley and Parvati Valley
8. Diphu Pass - Arunachal Pradesh Provides easy and an alternate route to (Mandalay)
@Digicate
Some Important Passes
1. Aghil Pass -Connects Ladakh & Xinjiang (China)
2. Banihal Pass, Pir Panjal Range. Connects Banihal with Qazigund
3. Bara-lacha-La Himachal Pradesh. It is situated in Zanskar range
4. Bomdi La - Arunachal Pradesh, Connects Arunachal Pradesh with Lhasa (Tibet)
5. Chang La Pass, Connects Ladakh with Tibet
6. Chanshal Pass - Himachal Pradesh
7. Debsa Pass Himachal Pradesh, Connects Spiti Valley and Parvati Valley
8. Diphu Pass - Arunachal Pradesh Provides easy and an alternate route to (Mandalay)
@Digicate
#Geography_Current #PT2020 #2MinRead
Zealandia
- It is also called as New Zealand continent or Tasmantis - It is 8th Continent,
- Its existence was confirmed as 8th continent in 2017.
- 94% of Zealandia’s 2 million square miles are underwater,
- It is an almost entirely submerged mass of continental crust that subsided after breaking away from Gondwanaland 83–79 million years ago.
- The name and concept for Zealandia was proposed by Bruce Luyendyk in 1995
NEWS
Researchers from GNS Science in New Zealand have announced that they mapped the shape and size of the Zealandia continent.
Zealandia
- It is also called as New Zealand continent or Tasmantis - It is 8th Continent,
- Its existence was confirmed as 8th continent in 2017.
- 94% of Zealandia’s 2 million square miles are underwater,
- It is an almost entirely submerged mass of continental crust that subsided after breaking away from Gondwanaland 83–79 million years ago.
- The name and concept for Zealandia was proposed by Bruce Luyendyk in 1995
NEWS
Researchers from GNS Science in New Zealand have announced that they mapped the shape and size of the Zealandia continent.
#Geography_Current #PT2020
Nag River
It is a river flowing through the city of Nagpur in Maharashtra.
It's a part of the Kanhan-Pench river system.
News- Recently Bombay High Court observed that Industrialisation has reduced Nag river to a cursed lady.
Nag River
It is a river flowing through the city of Nagpur in Maharashtra.
It's a part of the Kanhan-Pench river system.
News- Recently Bombay High Court observed that Industrialisation has reduced Nag river to a cursed lady.
#PT2020 #Geography_Current
Tuting-Tidding Suture Zone (TTSZ)
-It is a major part of the Eastern Himalaya, where the Himalaya takes a sharp southward bend and connects with the Indo-Burma Range.
- Recent study has shown that, It is generating moderate earthquakes at two different depths in Arunachal Pradesh.
Tuting-Tidding Suture Zone (TTSZ)
-It is a major part of the Eastern Himalaya, where the Himalaya takes a sharp southward bend and connects with the Indo-Burma Range.
- Recent study has shown that, It is generating moderate earthquakes at two different depths in Arunachal Pradesh.
#Geography_Current #placesinNews #PT2020
Beirut
- It is the capital Lebanon.
- Located on Mediterranean coast, and is an important regional seaport.
News
- A huge explosion recently devastated the port area of the capital Beirut.
- caused by ammonium nitrate stored unsafely in a warehouse.
Beirut
- It is the capital Lebanon.
- Located on Mediterranean coast, and is an important regional seaport.
News
- A huge explosion recently devastated the port area of the capital Beirut.
- caused by ammonium nitrate stored unsafely in a warehouse.
#PT2020 #Geography_Current #2MinRead
Mount Sinabung Volcano
- Location - Sumatra Island, Indonesia - Recently, It erupted.
- had been inactive for centuries together but it first erupted recently in 2010.
Types of Volcanoes
1. Active volcano
- had at least one eruption during the past 10000 years.
2. Erupting volcano
- should be erupting all the time, a
3. Dormant volcano
not erupting but might erupt again in future.
Mount Sinabung Volcano
- Location - Sumatra Island, Indonesia - Recently, It erupted.
- had been inactive for centuries together but it first erupted recently in 2010.
Types of Volcanoes
1. Active volcano
- had at least one eruption during the past 10000 years.
2. Erupting volcano
- should be erupting all the time, a
3. Dormant volcano
not erupting but might erupt again in future.
#Geography_Current #PT2020
Pacific Ring of Fire
- It is an area near the Pacific Ocean where most of the volcanic eruptions in the world take place.
- also known as circum-Pacific belt
- It is home to around 450 volcanoes including three of world’s four most active volcanoes
1. Mount St. Helens (USA)
2. Mount Fuji in Japan
3. Mount Pinatubo in the Philippines.
Pacific Ring of Fire
- It is an area near the Pacific Ocean where most of the volcanic eruptions in the world take place.
- also known as circum-Pacific belt
- It is home to around 450 volcanoes including three of world’s four most active volcanoes
1. Mount St. Helens (USA)
2. Mount Fuji in Japan
3. Mount Pinatubo in the Philippines.
#Geography #Prelims
Different Names for Tropical Cyclones
1. Hurricane: Caribbean Sea, Gulf of Mexico, North Atlantic Ocean and the eastern and central North Pacific Ocean
2. Typhoon: Western North Pacific
3. Cyclone: Bay of Bengal and Arabian Sea
4. Willy-willies: Australia
Different Names for Tropical Cyclones
1. Hurricane: Caribbean Sea, Gulf of Mexico, North Atlantic Ocean and the eastern and central North Pacific Ocean
2. Typhoon: Western North Pacific
3. Cyclone: Bay of Bengal and Arabian Sea
4. Willy-willies: Australia
#Geography
Ken-Betwa Link Project
- News: A memorandum of agreement was signed.
- Between Union Minister of Jal Shakti and the Chief Ministers of Madhya Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh to implement this Project.
Key features:
- It is the first project under the National Perspective Plan for interlinking of rivers.
- Under this project, water from the River Ken will be transferred to the River Betwa.
-Both these rivers are tributaries of river Yamuna.
The project has two phases,
1. Phase-I - Daudhan dam complex and its appurtenances like Low and High Level Tunnel, Ken-Betwa link canal and Power houses
2. Phase-II - Lower Orr dam, Bina complex project, Kotha barrage
- Daudhan dam comes within the core habitat of Panna Tiger Reserve.
Use -
1. The project is expected
to provide annual irrigation
drinking water supply
2. Also generate 103 MW of hydropower.
3. Benefit to the drought-prone Bundelkhand region, which spreads across 13 districts of Uttar Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh.
Ken-Betwa Link Project
- News: A memorandum of agreement was signed.
- Between Union Minister of Jal Shakti and the Chief Ministers of Madhya Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh to implement this Project.
Key features:
- It is the first project under the National Perspective Plan for interlinking of rivers.
- Under this project, water from the River Ken will be transferred to the River Betwa.
-Both these rivers are tributaries of river Yamuna.
The project has two phases,
1. Phase-I - Daudhan dam complex and its appurtenances like Low and High Level Tunnel, Ken-Betwa link canal and Power houses
2. Phase-II - Lower Orr dam, Bina complex project, Kotha barrage
- Daudhan dam comes within the core habitat of Panna Tiger Reserve.
Use -
1. The project is expected
to provide annual irrigation
drinking water supply
2. Also generate 103 MW of hydropower.
3. Benefit to the drought-prone Bundelkhand region, which spreads across 13 districts of Uttar Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh.
#Geography
Tulip Garden
- News: Prime Minister asked people to visit tulip garden in the Union territory of Jammu and Kashmir.
- The Tulip garden is located at the foothills of Zaberwan range with an overview of Dal Lake
It is the largest tulip garden in Asia.
Key features:
1. This garden, built on a sloping ground in a terraced fashion with seven terraces.
2. It was opened in 2007
3. Tulip festival is organised at the onset of spring season in the Valley.
Aim: to boost floriculture and tourism in Kashmir Valley by the then Chief Minister.
Tulip Garden
- News: Prime Minister asked people to visit tulip garden in the Union territory of Jammu and Kashmir.
- The Tulip garden is located at the foothills of Zaberwan range with an overview of Dal Lake
It is the largest tulip garden in Asia.
Key features:
1. This garden, built on a sloping ground in a terraced fashion with seven terraces.
2. It was opened in 2007
3. Tulip festival is organised at the onset of spring season in the Valley.
Aim: to boost floriculture and tourism in Kashmir Valley by the then Chief Minister.
#Geography
Sauropods
News: Researchers from the Geological Survey of India have identified fossil bone fragments of 100-million-years old sauropods.
Location: area around West Khasi Hills District in Meghalaya.
Key features of Sauropods
1. Dinosaurs that had very long necks, long tails
2. small heads relative to the rest of their body
3. four thick, pillar-like legs.
4. They are notable for the enormous sizes attained by some species.
5. Meghalaya is the fifth state in India to report Sauropod bones which have titanosaurian affinity.
- In India, the sauropods generally belong to the titanosaurian clade.
Sauropods
News: Researchers from the Geological Survey of India have identified fossil bone fragments of 100-million-years old sauropods.
Location: area around West Khasi Hills District in Meghalaya.
Key features of Sauropods
1. Dinosaurs that had very long necks, long tails
2. small heads relative to the rest of their body
3. four thick, pillar-like legs.
4. They are notable for the enormous sizes attained by some species.
5. Meghalaya is the fifth state in India to report Sauropod bones which have titanosaurian affinity.
- In India, the sauropods generally belong to the titanosaurian clade.
#Geography
Mekedatu
News: The National Green Tribunal (NGT), Southern Zone, has appointed a joint committee
- This committee look into allegations of unauthorised construction activity taking place in Mekedatu, Karnataka.
Key Points:
- Mekedatu (means 'goat's leap') is a gorge along Kaveri where Arkavati merges with Kaveri.
- About 3.5 kilometers downstream, the river Kaveri flows through a deep and narrow gorge.
Background:
In 2017, the Karnataka government had proposed to construct a dam in Mekedatu across the Cauvery River.
- This project received approval from the erstwhile Ministry of Water Resources for the detailed project report.
It was opposed by Tamil Nadu government.
Mekedatu
News: The National Green Tribunal (NGT), Southern Zone, has appointed a joint committee
- This committee look into allegations of unauthorised construction activity taking place in Mekedatu, Karnataka.
Key Points:
- Mekedatu (means 'goat's leap') is a gorge along Kaveri where Arkavati merges with Kaveri.
- About 3.5 kilometers downstream, the river Kaveri flows through a deep and narrow gorge.
Background:
In 2017, the Karnataka government had proposed to construct a dam in Mekedatu across the Cauvery River.
- This project received approval from the erstwhile Ministry of Water Resources for the detailed project report.
It was opposed by Tamil Nadu government.
#Geography #PT2021
Cauvery River
- Origin: River rises on Brahmagiri Hill of the Western Ghats in south-western Karnataka state.
- The river basin covers three states and a Union Territory: Tamil Nadu, 43,868 square kilometres, Karnataka, 34,273 square kilometres l, Kerala, 2,866 square kilometres and Puducherry.
- Key tributaries: Hemavati, Lakshman Tirtha, Kabini, Amaravati, Noyil, and Bhavani rivers.
Dams: Mettur Dam was constructed for irrigation and hydel power in Tamil Nadu.
Cauvery River
- Origin: River rises on Brahmagiri Hill of the Western Ghats in south-western Karnataka state.
- The river basin covers three states and a Union Territory: Tamil Nadu, 43,868 square kilometres, Karnataka, 34,273 square kilometres l, Kerala, 2,866 square kilometres and Puducherry.
- Key tributaries: Hemavati, Lakshman Tirtha, Kabini, Amaravati, Noyil, and Bhavani rivers.
Dams: Mettur Dam was constructed for irrigation and hydel power in Tamil Nadu.