#IR_OrgInNews #PT2020 #2MinRead
New Development Bank
Established in 2014 by BRICS Countries by Fortaleza Declaration.
HQ - Shanghai, China.
It is a multilateral development bank founded to support infrastructure and sustainable development efforts in BRICS and other underserved emerging economies.
It received Observer Status in 2018 in the United Nations General Assembly.
News - 5th Annual Meeting of the Board of Governors of NDB was held through video-conference on 20th Apr.
New Development Bank
Established in 2014 by BRICS Countries by Fortaleza Declaration.
HQ - Shanghai, China.
It is a multilateral development bank founded to support infrastructure and sustainable development efforts in BRICS and other underserved emerging economies.
It received Observer Status in 2018 in the United Nations General Assembly.
News - 5th Annual Meeting of the Board of Governors of NDB was held through video-conference on 20th Apr.
#IR_OrgInNews #PT2020 #1MinRead
BRICS
It stands for an association of five major emerging national economies: Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa.
1st Summit - 2009 in Russia.
11th Summit- 2019 in Brazil.
BRICS
It stands for an association of five major emerging national economies: Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa.
1st Summit - 2009 in Russia.
11th Summit- 2019 in Brazil.
#IR_OrgInNews #PT2020 #2MinRead
Export Control Regimes Part 1/4
Missile Technology Control Regime (MTCR)
- formed in 1987 by the G-7 counries.
- Members - 35 (India - 35th Member- joined in 2016)
- Informal, voluntary grouping of countries
- Aims to check the proliferation of missiles and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) Capable of Min 500kg (WMD) payload, with range of at least 300km.
# also focuses on any equipment/ software/technology that can enable a nation to produce such systems.
# not a treaty, hence not legally binding
# It coordinates individual national export licensing policies towards a common export policy that regulates the sale of any such systems.
# MTCR maintains a common list of items, including dual-use technology and components, which can be used to deliver WMDs.
Export Control Regimes Part 1/4
Missile Technology Control Regime (MTCR)
- formed in 1987 by the G-7 counries.
- Members - 35 (India - 35th Member- joined in 2016)
- Informal, voluntary grouping of countries
- Aims to check the proliferation of missiles and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) Capable of Min 500kg (WMD) payload, with range of at least 300km.
# also focuses on any equipment/ software/technology that can enable a nation to produce such systems.
# not a treaty, hence not legally binding
# It coordinates individual national export licensing policies towards a common export policy that regulates the sale of any such systems.
# MTCR maintains a common list of items, including dual-use technology and components, which can be used to deliver WMDs.
#IR_OrgInNews #PT2020 #2MinRead
Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT)
News - Recently, USA has accused China and Russia of conducting nuclear tests with low yields, in violation CTBT.
- It is a multilateral treaty that bans all nuclear explosions, for both civilian and military purposes, in all environments.
- adopted by the United Nations General Assembly in 1996.
- 168 states have ratified the CTBT and another 17 states have signed but not ratified it
- will enter into force 180 days after the Treaty has been ratified by 44 States, listed in Annex 2 of the Treaty.
- Eight States that needs to ratify - China, North Korea, Egypt, India, Iran, Israel, Pakistan and the United States.
- States NOT Signed - India, North Korea and Pakistan
Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Organization (CTBTO)
founded - 1996
headquartered - Vienna.
It promotes the Treaty so that it can enter into force.
Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT)
News - Recently, USA has accused China and Russia of conducting nuclear tests with low yields, in violation CTBT.
- It is a multilateral treaty that bans all nuclear explosions, for both civilian and military purposes, in all environments.
- adopted by the United Nations General Assembly in 1996.
- 168 states have ratified the CTBT and another 17 states have signed but not ratified it
- will enter into force 180 days after the Treaty has been ratified by 44 States, listed in Annex 2 of the Treaty.
- Eight States that needs to ratify - China, North Korea, Egypt, India, Iran, Israel, Pakistan and the United States.
- States NOT Signed - India, North Korea and Pakistan
Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Organization (CTBTO)
founded - 1996
headquartered - Vienna.
It promotes the Treaty so that it can enter into force.
#IR_OrgInNews #PT2020 #2MinRead
Export Control Regimes Part 2/4
Australia Group
- an informal group - estbd in 1985 (after the use of chemical weapons by Iraq in 1984)
- to help member countries to contain the spread of chemical and biological weapons, through regulation of exports.
- Members - 43
- Mexico, all OECD members, the European Commission, European Union, Ukraine, and Argentina.
India joined in 2018
-It maintains export controls on a uniform list of 54 compounds, that can be used in the manufacture of chemical weapons.
- Delegations representing the members meet every year in Paris, France.
Export Control Regimes Part 2/4
Australia Group
- an informal group - estbd in 1985 (after the use of chemical weapons by Iraq in 1984)
- to help member countries to contain the spread of chemical and biological weapons, through regulation of exports.
- Members - 43
- Mexico, all OECD members, the European Commission, European Union, Ukraine, and Argentina.
India joined in 2018
-It maintains export controls on a uniform list of 54 compounds, that can be used in the manufacture of chemical weapons.
- Delegations representing the members meet every year in Paris, France.
#IR_OrgInNews #PT2020 #2MinRead
Export Control Regimes Part 3/4
Wassenaar Arrangement
- The Wassenaar Arrangement on Export Controls for Conventional Arms and Dual-Use Goods and Technologies
- established 1996, Wassenaar( Netherlands)
- Secretariat - Vienna, Austria.
- Members - 41
- Objective - to contribute to regional and international security and stability
- Means - by promoting transparency and greater responsibility, in transfers of conventional arms and dual-use goods and technologies such as
battle tanks, armored combat vehicles (ACVs), large-caliber artillery, etc
- not a treaty, hence is not legally binding
Export Control Regimes Part 3/4
Wassenaar Arrangement
- The Wassenaar Arrangement on Export Controls for Conventional Arms and Dual-Use Goods and Technologies
- established 1996, Wassenaar( Netherlands)
- Secretariat - Vienna, Austria.
- Members - 41
- Objective - to contribute to regional and international security and stability
- Means - by promoting transparency and greater responsibility, in transfers of conventional arms and dual-use goods and technologies such as
battle tanks, armored combat vehicles (ACVs), large-caliber artillery, etc
- not a treaty, hence is not legally binding
#IR_OrgInNews #PT2020 #2MinRead
Export Control Regimes Part 4/4
Nuclear Suppliers Group
Formed - 1974 ( as a response to Indian Nuclear Test of 1974)
Members- 48
Objective - to prevent nuclear proliferation by controlling the export of materials, equipment and technology that can be used to manufacture nuclear weapons.
India has not been able to secure membership due to opposition from China.
Trigger List - maintained by IAEA.
These items could only be exported to non-nuclear states if certain International Atomic Energy Agency safeguards were agreed to or if exceptional circumstances relating to safety existed.
Export Control Regimes Part 4/4
Nuclear Suppliers Group
Formed - 1974 ( as a response to Indian Nuclear Test of 1974)
Members- 48
Objective - to prevent nuclear proliferation by controlling the export of materials, equipment and technology that can be used to manufacture nuclear weapons.
India has not been able to secure membership due to opposition from China.
Trigger List - maintained by IAEA.
These items could only be exported to non-nuclear states if certain International Atomic Energy Agency safeguards were agreed to or if exceptional circumstances relating to safety existed.
#IR_OrgInNews #PT2020
News - APEC has been expected to post an economic decline by 2.7 percent in 2020 because of the CoVID-19 pandemic.
News - APEC has been expected to post an economic decline by 2.7 percent in 2020 because of the CoVID-19 pandemic.
#IR_OrgInNews #PT2020 #1MinRead
International Energy Agency (IEA)
-Intergovernmental autonomous organisation which works to ensure reliable, affordable and clean energy.
- Established 1973 after the oil crisis
- Headquarter - Paris, France.
- World Enegry Outlook report annually
- Members - 30
- India became an associate member in 2017.
International Energy Agency (IEA)
-Intergovernmental autonomous organisation which works to ensure reliable, affordable and clean energy.
- Established 1973 after the oil crisis
- Headquarter - Paris, France.
- World Enegry Outlook report annually
- Members - 30
- India became an associate member in 2017.
#IR_OrgInNews #1MinRead #PT2020
Mekong–Ganga Cooperation (MGC)
- established in 2000, at Vientiane, Laos (at First MGC Ministerial Meeting)
- Member countries - 6
India, Thailand, Myanmar, Cambodia, Laos and Vietnam.
- Areas of Cooperation - tourism, culture, education, and transportation.
- Name comes from the Ganga and the Mekong, two large rivers in the region.
Mekong–Ganga Cooperation (MGC)
- established in 2000, at Vientiane, Laos (at First MGC Ministerial Meeting)
- Member countries - 6
India, Thailand, Myanmar, Cambodia, Laos and Vietnam.
- Areas of Cooperation - tourism, culture, education, and transportation.
- Name comes from the Ganga and the Mekong, two large rivers in the region.
#IR_OrgInNews #2MinRead #PT2020
Financial Action Task Force
- It is an intergovernmental organisation that monitors money laundering and terrorism funding all over the
world.
- sets international standards that aim to prevent these illegal activities
- It was established in 1989 on the initiative of G7 summit held in Paris.
- Total 39 members - 37 member countries and 2 regional organizations ( European Commission and Gulf Cooperation Council )
- Headquarter: Paris, France
Financial Action Task Force
- It is an intergovernmental organisation that monitors money laundering and terrorism funding all over the
world.
- sets international standards that aim to prevent these illegal activities
- It was established in 1989 on the initiative of G7 summit held in Paris.
- Total 39 members - 37 member countries and 2 regional organizations ( European Commission and Gulf Cooperation Council )
- Headquarter: Paris, France
#2MinRead #IR_OrgInNews #PT2020
Group of Seven (G7)
- It is an intergovernmental economic organization
- Formed in 1975
Members - 7 major economies :
Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the United Kingdom and the United States,
( Trick - 7 - Green FrUit ka JUICe)
- represents around 58% of the global net wealth and more than 46% of the global gross domestic product (GDP)
- Heads-of-government meets annually at G7 Summit
2014 - Russia was removed from the group(G8) following Russian annexation of Crimea.
News - US President Trump has advocated the formation of G11 - G7 + Russia Australia, India and South Korea (replacing G7)
Group of Seven (G7)
- It is an intergovernmental economic organization
- Formed in 1975
Members - 7 major economies :
Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the United Kingdom and the United States,
( Trick - 7 - Green FrUit ka JUICe)
- represents around 58% of the global net wealth and more than 46% of the global gross domestic product (GDP)
- Heads-of-government meets annually at G7 Summit
2014 - Russia was removed from the group(G8) following Russian annexation of Crimea.
News - US President Trump has advocated the formation of G11 - G7 + Russia Australia, India and South Korea (replacing G7)
#IR_OrgInNews #PT2020
United Nations Security Council
- One of the Principal Organ of the United Nations.
- Aim- ensuring peace and security across the world
- Formed in 1945
- Total - 15 member states
Permanent members = 5(United States, France, China, Russia, and the United Kingdom), - and they have Veto power
Non-Permanent Members - 10
Elected for 2 years from member countries of UN.
- It can issue Binding resolutions on member states.
United Nations Security Council
- One of the Principal Organ of the United Nations.
- Aim- ensuring peace and security across the world
- Formed in 1945
- Total - 15 member states
Permanent members = 5(United States, France, China, Russia, and the United Kingdom), - and they have Veto power
Non-Permanent Members - 10
Elected for 2 years from member countries of UN.
- It can issue Binding resolutions on member states.
#PT2020 #IR_OrgInNews
Feed Our Future Campaign
Recently United Nations World Food Programme (WFP) has launched it against hunger and malnutrition in India.
- Its cinema ad campaign
- It highlights potential loss to the world when children’s voices are silenced due to hunger
Feed Our Future Campaign
Recently United Nations World Food Programme (WFP) has launched it against hunger and malnutrition in India.
- Its cinema ad campaign
- It highlights potential loss to the world when children’s voices are silenced due to hunger
#PT2020 #IR_OrgInNews
World Food Programme (WFP)
- It is the food-assistance branch of United Nations.
- It is a member of UN Development Group (UNDG) and part of its Executive Committee.
- It was established in 1961 after Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) Conference 1960.
- It is headquartered in Rome, Italy.
- IIt is the world’s largest humanitarian organization promoting food security and addressing hunger.
- It provides food assistance to around approx. 80 million people in 75 countries each year.
- It works to help people who cannot obtain enough food or produce enough food for themselves and their families.
World Food Programme (WFP)
- It is the food-assistance branch of United Nations.
- It is a member of UN Development Group (UNDG) and part of its Executive Committee.
- It was established in 1961 after Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) Conference 1960.
- It is headquartered in Rome, Italy.
- IIt is the world’s largest humanitarian organization promoting food security and addressing hunger.
- It provides food assistance to around approx. 80 million people in 75 countries each year.
- It works to help people who cannot obtain enough food or produce enough food for themselves and their families.
#IR_OrgInNews #PT2020
Caribbean Community (CARICOM)
- It was formed in 1973.
- Members - 15
Antigua and Barbuda, Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Dominica, Grenada, Guyana, Haiti, Jamaica, Montserrat, St. Kitts and Nevis, St Lucia, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Suriname, and Trinidad & Tobago.
- Chairmanship of the Community is rotated every six months among the member countries.
- The CARICOM is a Single Market and Economy are intended to benefit the people of the region by
- providing more and better opportunities to produce
- sell goods and services and
- attracting investments.
Caribbean Community (CARICOM)
- It was formed in 1973.
- Members - 15
Antigua and Barbuda, Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Dominica, Grenada, Guyana, Haiti, Jamaica, Montserrat, St. Kitts and Nevis, St Lucia, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Suriname, and Trinidad & Tobago.
- Chairmanship of the Community is rotated every six months among the member countries.
- The CARICOM is a Single Market and Economy are intended to benefit the people of the region by
- providing more and better opportunities to produce
- sell goods and services and
- attracting investments.
#PT2020 #IR_OrgInNews
European Commission
- It is an institution of European Union (EU) that was founded on 1 January 1958.
- Headquarters: Brussels, Belgium
- It is responsible for implementing decisions, proposing legislation, upholding EU treaties and managing day-to-day business of European Union.
European Commission
- It is an institution of European Union (EU) that was founded on 1 January 1958.
- Headquarters: Brussels, Belgium
- It is responsible for implementing decisions, proposing legislation, upholding EU treaties and managing day-to-day business of European Union.
#IR_OrgInNews #PT2020 #2MinRead
UN Women
- Established in 2011.
- Headquarter: New York, United States
- UN entity dedicated to gender equality and Women empowerment
- Helps Member States to set global standards for achieving gender equality
- works with governments and civil society to design laws, policies, programmes and services.
- UN Women is a member of the United Nations Development Group.
UN Women
- Established in 2011.
- Headquarter: New York, United States
- UN entity dedicated to gender equality and Women empowerment
- Helps Member States to set global standards for achieving gender equality
- works with governments and civil society to design laws, policies, programmes and services.
- UN Women is a member of the United Nations Development Group.
#IR_OrgInNews #PT2020 #2MinRead
International Civil Aviation Organization
• It is a specialized agency of the United Nations.
• It lays the principles and techniques of international air navigation and fosters the planning and development of international air transport to ensure safe and orderly growth.
• Headquarters: Montreal, Canada.
International Civil Aviation Organization
• It is a specialized agency of the United Nations.
• It lays the principles and techniques of international air navigation and fosters the planning and development of international air transport to ensure safe and orderly growth.
• Headquarters: Montreal, Canada.
#IR_OrgInNews #PT2020 #2MinRead
European Union
- It is an regional international organization
- Members - 27 European countries
- Objective- governing common economic, social, and security policies.
- created by the Maastricht Treaty,which entered into force on November 1, 1993.
- The treaty sought to enhance European political and economic integration by creating a single currency (the euro), a unified foreign and security policy, and common citizenship rights.
- It also envisioned cooperation in the areas of immigration, asylum, and judicial affairs.
European Union
- It is an regional international organization
- Members - 27 European countries
- Objective- governing common economic, social, and security policies.
- created by the Maastricht Treaty,which entered into force on November 1, 1993.
- The treaty sought to enhance European political and economic integration by creating a single currency (the euro), a unified foreign and security policy, and common citizenship rights.
- It also envisioned cooperation in the areas of immigration, asylum, and judicial affairs.