'Murphy eye'

The Murphy eye will allow gas flow to continue even if the end of the endotracheal tube is occluded by mucus, blood clots, or other debris. It is basically a 'safety' mechanism.

Endotracheal tubes usually have a bevel on the end. This is specifically designed to be on the left side of the tube.

Having the end bevelled improves visualization of the tube going through the cords, given that the tube is usually being passed by the R hand.

The Murphy eye is always on the opposite side from the bevel, meaning that it's always on the R side of the tube.

There are also other specifications; for example it has to be at least 80% of the size of the tube itself and its presence can't cause the tube to be weakened.

bevel of the ET tube may cause the tube to become occluded if it rests against the wall of the R mainstem bronchus, as seen below.

The Murphy eye will prevent this from totally cutting off all gas flow. Whether Murphy recognized this is unclear.

Another possible benefit of the Murphy eye is that if the ET tube is in the R main stem bronchus, that gas flow to the right upper lobe might be preserved.

phrynoderma
is a form of follicular hyperkeratosis associated with nutritional deficiency.