Microcytic anemia causes.

RBC Morphology & Associated Diseases.

Diuretics.

Intubation indication.

Raynaud’s phenomenon.

🧠 MCA vs ACA vs PCA — Localise the Stroke.
The 5-Second Localisation Rule
➊ Face + Arm weak + Aphasia → MCA
➋ Leg weak + Behavioural change → ACA
➌ Vision loss only + Hallucinations → PCA.

Calcium–phosphate metabolism.

Neurological examination of unconscious patient.

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD): Pathogenesis and clinical findings.

types of skine infection& tretment.

Laboratory evaluation hypocalcemia.

CALCIUM-PHOSPHATE METABOLISM.

Movement disorders.
1️⃣ Basal Ganglia
🔹 Disorders: Parkinsonism, chorea, dystonia
🔹 Clues: Resting tremor, rigidity, bradykinesia, abnormal postures
🔹 Common causes: Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s disease, drugs, stroke

2️⃣ Thalamus
🔹 Disorders: Tremor, hemiballismus
🔹 Clues: Contralateral involuntary movements
🔹 Common causes: Stroke, hemorrhage, multiple sclerosis

3️⃣ Cerebellum
🔹 Disorders: Ataxia, intention tremor, dysmetria
🔹 Clues: Gait instability, nystagmus, dysdiadochokinesia
🔹 Common causes: Stroke, tumors, alcohol, multiple sclerosis

4️⃣ Brainstem
🔹 Disorders: Tremor, dystonia, parkinsonism
🔹 Clues: Cranial nerve deficits with long tract signs
🔹 Common causes: Stroke, tumors, neurodegenerative diseases

5️⃣ Spinal Cord
🔹 Disorders: Spasticity, clonus, segmental myoclonus
🔹 Clues: UMN signs below the lesion with sensory level
🔹 Common causes: Trauma, transverse myelitis, multiple sclerosis.

6️⃣ Motor Cortex
🔹 Disorders: Focal motor seizures, apraxia, myoclonus
🔹 Clues: Cortical signs, seizures, contralateral weakness
🔹 Common causes: Stroke, tumors, encephalitis

7️⃣ Peripheral Nerves
🔹 Disorders: Fasciculations, weakness, occasional tremor
🔹 Clues: LMN signs including atrophy and fasciculations
🔹 Common causes: Peripheral neuropathy, entrapment, motor neuron disease

8️⃣ Neuromuscular Junction / Muscle
🔹 Disorders: Fatigable weakness, myopathies
🔹 Clues: Ptosis, diplopia, proximal weakness, fatigability
🔹 Common causes: Myasthenia gravis, inflammatory myopathies, muscular dystrophies

Hyponatremia & Hypernatreemia managment uptodate.

First-line Antituberculosis Drugs.

THROMBOTIC THROMBOCYTOPENIC PURPURA (TTP).

Interpret common iron markers.