๐๐ข๐๐๐'๐ฆ ๐๐ฅ๐๐๐ง๐จ๐ฅ๐ -Dinner Fork Deformity
๐Fx of distal end of radius at its cortico cancellous junction,described by Abraham Colles in 1814
๐It occurs due to ๐ผ๐๐๐๐๐ฟ๐ฒ๐๐ฐ๐ต๐ฒ๐ฑ ๐ต๐ฎ๐ป๐ฑ having hx of fall, & has swelling,pain,tenderness at site of trauma
๐Fx of distal end of radius at its cortico cancellous junction,described by Abraham Colles in 1814
๐It occurs due to ๐ผ๐๐๐๐๐ฟ๐ฒ๐๐ฐ๐ต๐ฒ๐ฑ ๐ต๐ฎ๐ป๐ฑ having hx of fall, & has swelling,pain,tenderness at site of trauma
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Situs Inversus
Definition:
Situs inversus is a rare anatomical variation where the organs in the chest and abdomen are mirrored or reversed from their usual positions.
Associations:
1. Kartagener Syndrome:
- Often, situs inversus is associated with Kartagener syndrome, a genetic condition characterized by situs inversus, chronic sinusitis, and bronchiectasis.
2. Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia (PCD):
- Situs inversus can occur in conjunction with PCD, a genetic disorder affecting cilia function, leading to respiratory and fertility issues.
3. Heterotaxy Syndrome:
- Some individuals with situs inversus may have heterotaxy syndrome, where organs aren't strictly mirrored but are abnormally placed.
4. Cardiac Abnormalities:
- Congenital heart defects may accompany situs inversus, often requiring specialized cardiac care.
5. Gastrointestinal Abnormalities:
- Anomalies in the positioning of abdominal organs may be present, potentially affecting digestion and nutrient absorption.
Definition:
Situs inversus is a rare anatomical variation where the organs in the chest and abdomen are mirrored or reversed from their usual positions.
Associations:
1. Kartagener Syndrome:
- Often, situs inversus is associated with Kartagener syndrome, a genetic condition characterized by situs inversus, chronic sinusitis, and bronchiectasis.
2. Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia (PCD):
- Situs inversus can occur in conjunction with PCD, a genetic disorder affecting cilia function, leading to respiratory and fertility issues.
3. Heterotaxy Syndrome:
- Some individuals with situs inversus may have heterotaxy syndrome, where organs aren't strictly mirrored but are abnormally placed.
4. Cardiac Abnormalities:
- Congenital heart defects may accompany situs inversus, often requiring specialized cardiac care.
5. Gastrointestinal Abnormalities:
- Anomalies in the positioning of abdominal organs may be present, potentially affecting digestion and nutrient absorption.
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Asymmetric Umbilical Reflex
The umbilical reflex, also known as the abdominal reflex, is a neurological reflex that involves the contraction of the abdominal muscles when the skin around the umbilicus (belly button) is stimulated.
In a normal response, the contraction of the abdominal muscles is symmetrical on both sides of the umbilicus.
However, an asymmetric umbilical reflex indicates an abnormality in the neurological pathways.
Significance and Association:
An asymmetric umbilical reflex in a patient with scoliosis is a concerning finding as it suggests the presence of an underlying syrinx.
A syrinx is a fluid-filled cavity within the spinal cord, which can cause a variety of neurological symptoms depending on its location and size.
It is often associated with a Chiari malformation, which is a structural defect in the cerebellum, the part of the brain responsible for balance and coordination.
The umbilical reflex, also known as the abdominal reflex, is a neurological reflex that involves the contraction of the abdominal muscles when the skin around the umbilicus (belly button) is stimulated.
In a normal response, the contraction of the abdominal muscles is symmetrical on both sides of the umbilicus.
However, an asymmetric umbilical reflex indicates an abnormality in the neurological pathways.
Significance and Association:
An asymmetric umbilical reflex in a patient with scoliosis is a concerning finding as it suggests the presence of an underlying syrinx.
A syrinx is a fluid-filled cavity within the spinal cord, which can cause a variety of neurological symptoms depending on its location and size.
It is often associated with a Chiari malformation, which is a structural defect in the cerebellum, the part of the brain responsible for balance and coordination.
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Loiasis:
โข Loiasis, also known as African eyeworm disease, is a parasitic infection caused by the filarial worm Loa loa.
๏ปฟ๏ปฟLoiasis is caused by the filarial parasite Loa loa, which is transmitted to humans through the bite of infected Chrysops or Deer flies.
๏ปฟ๏ปฟThe mature adult worms reside in the subcutaneous tissues and can migrate throughout the body.
๏ปฟ๏ปฟThe presence of adult worms and their movement causes inflammation and localized swelling.
๏ปฟ๏ปฟMany individuals with Loa loa infection may be asymptomatic.
๏ปฟ๏ปฟSymptomatic individuals may present with the following:
๏ปฟ๏ปฟCalabar swellings: transient, localized, non-painful subcutaneous edematous swellings, typically on joints or extremities.
๏ปฟ๏ปฟPruritus or rash: transient pruritic rash may occur as the parasite migrates.
๏ปฟ๏ปฟConjunctivitis: may occur due to worm migration through the eye.
๏ปฟ๏ปฟClinical diagnosis is made based on characteristic symptoms and exposure history.
Description/Definition:โข Loiasis, also known as African eyeworm disease, is a parasitic infection caused by the filarial worm Loa loa.
Etiology/Pathophysiology:๏ปฟ๏ปฟLoiasis is caused by the filarial parasite Loa loa, which is transmitted to humans through the bite of infected Chrysops or Deer flies.
๏ปฟ๏ปฟThe mature adult worms reside in the subcutaneous tissues and can migrate throughout the body.
๏ปฟ๏ปฟThe presence of adult worms and their movement causes inflammation and localized swelling.
Clinical Presentation:๏ปฟ๏ปฟMany individuals with Loa loa infection may be asymptomatic.
๏ปฟ๏ปฟSymptomatic individuals may present with the following:
๏ปฟ๏ปฟCalabar swellings: transient, localized, non-painful subcutaneous edematous swellings, typically on joints or extremities.
๏ปฟ๏ปฟPruritus or rash: transient pruritic rash may occur as the parasite migrates.
๏ปฟ๏ปฟConjunctivitis: may occur due to worm migration through the eye.
Diagnostics:๏ปฟ๏ปฟClinical diagnosis is made based on characteristic symptoms and exposure history.
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