📌
Senarai Anxiety Disorders (ikut DSM-5)
Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)
Panic Disorder
Agoraphobia
Specific Phobia
Social Anxiety Disorder (Social Phobia)
Separation Anxiety Disorder
Selective Mutism

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🧠
Cara Diagnos (Step by step klinikal)
1. 🪪
Confirm symptom utama: ANXIETY
Tanya:
Rasa risau berlebihan?
Susah kawal worry?
Ada simptom fizikal:
berdebar
sesak nafas
tremor
sweating
sakit dada
rasa nak pengsan
👉 Kalau tiada anxiety → bukan anxiety disorder

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2. ⏳
Tempoh simptom
GAD → ≥ 6 bulan
Panic disorder → recurrent panic attack + worry ≥ 1 bulan
Phobia/social anxiety → ≥ 6 bulan
Separation anxiety → ≥ 4 minggu (kanak-kanak), ≥ 6 bulan (dewasa)

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3. 🎯
Trigger / situasi spesifik
Ini paling penting untuk differentiate:
Diagnosis
Clue utama
GAD
Worry banyak benda (general)
Panic disorder
Panic attack tiba-tiba, unexpected
Agoraphobia
Takut tempat susah lari (mall, bas, crowd)
Specific phobia
Takut objek spesifik (ular, flight, darah)
Social anxiety
Takut dinilai orang
Separation anxiety
Takut berpisah dgn attachment figure
Selective mutism
Tak bercakap dalam situasi sosial tertentu

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4. ⚠️
Assess impairment
Ganggu kerja?
Ganggu hubungan?
Elak situasi?
👉 Wajib ada functional impairment

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5. 🚫
Rule out differential
Jangan terus label:
Medical:
hyperthyroidism
arrhythmia
Substance:
caffeine
stimulant
Psychiatric:
Major Depressive Disorder
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder

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6. 🧪
Guna screening tool (optional tapi membantu)
GAD-7
HADS-A
DASS

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🧩
Contoh cara fikir (exam / klinik)
👉 Patient:
Risau pasal kerja, kesihatan, keluarga
Dah >6 bulan
Ada insomnia + muscle tension
➡️ Diagnosis: GAD

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👉 Patient:
Tiba-tiba berdebar, rasa nak mati
Episode berulang + takut jadi lagi
➡️ Diagnosis: Panic Disorder

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👉 Patient:
Takut present depan orang, elak meeting
➡️ Diagnosis: Social Anxiety Disorder

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🧠 Cara mudah ingat (pattern recognition)
General → GAD
Attack → Panic
Place → Agoraphobia
Object → Specific phobia
People → Social anxiety
Attachment → Separation anxiety
Speech → Selective mutism

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