👆👆👆👆👆👆👆👆👆👆👆
👆Traverse calculation usefull information for land surveyors

🇪🇹እንኳን ደስ አላችሁ የመጀመሪያው ሳተላይታችን ከቻይና ወደ ጠፈር መጥቃለች! 🇪🇹

ሳተላይቷ 72 ኪግ. ትመዝናለች ከምድር በተነሳች በግማሽ ሰዓት ውስጥ ከመሬት 700ኪሎ ሜትር ርቀት ላይ በሚገኝ የህዋ ጥግ ላይ የምህዋር ቦታዋን ትይዛለች፡፡

▶️Slump test 👇👇👇👇👇

▶️Slump test 👆👆👆👆👆

📝Things Site Engineers Must Know About Reinforcement and
Steel Bars

🖍Clear cover to main reinforcement

✒️Footings : 50 mm
✒️Raft foundation Top : 50 mm
✒️Raft foundation Bottom/ sides : 75 mm
✒️Strap Beam : 50 mm
✒️Grade Slab : 20 mm
✒️Column : 40 mm (d>12mm) 25 mm (d= 12mm)
✒️Shear Wall : 25 mm
✒️Beams : 25 mm
✒️Slabs : 15 mm or not less than diameter of the bar.
✒️Flat Slab : 20 mm
Staircase : 15 mm
✒️Retaining Wall on Earth : 20/ 25 mm
✒️Water retaining structures : 20 / 30 mm
✒️Sunshade (Chajja) : 25 mm
.
🔗Hook for stirrups is 9D for one side
🖇No. of stirrups = (clear span/Spanning) + 1
.
📌For Cantilever anchorage length for main steel is 69D
.
✔️“L” for column main rod in footing is minimum of 300mm
.
✔️Chairs of minimum 12 mm diameter bars should be used.
.
✔️Minimum diameter of dowel bars should be 12 mm.
.

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?ስለስ joint ዓይነቶች አብረን እንይ
፡
▶️An expansion joint or movement joint is an
assembly designed to safely absorb the heat-
induced expansion and contraction of construction
materials, to absorb vibration, to hold parts
together, or to allow movement due to ground
settlement or earthquakes. They are commonly
found between sections of buildings, bridges ,
sidewalks, railway tracks, piping systems, ships,
and other structures.
Building faces, concrete slabs, and pipelines
expand and contract due to warming and cooling
from seasonal variation, or due to other heat
sources. Before expansion joint gaps were built into
these structures, they would crack under the stress
induced.
.
▶️Control joints, or contraction joints, are sometimes
confused with expansion joints, but are completely
different in purpose and function. Control joints are
cut into pavement at regular intervals to control
cracking. Concrete and asphalt have relatively
weak tensile strength, and typically form cracks as
they age, shrink, and are exposed to environmental
stresses (including stresses of thermal expansion
and contraction). Without the control joint, cracking
can occur in a random fashion, and compromise
the surface of the structure. This is primarily an
aesthetic issue. Control joints attenuate the
cracking in a more controlled fashion. The cracks
will tend to form along the cut planes that makes
up the control joints.
.
▶️A construction joint occurs when there are multiple
concrete placements. It can occur between different
days of concrete placements as shown below.
There is a construction joint between the placement
of a footing and the placement of the column.

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👉ሰላም ውድ የ ቻናላችን ቤተሰቦች ዛሬ መወያያ ጥያቄ ይዘን ቀርበናል
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▶️ጥያቄው ... አንድ ድልድይ ተሰርቶ ጊዜያዊ ርክክብ ተደረገ እናም በወቅቱ ሌላ ስራ የሚሰራ የቻይና ድርጅት ድልድዩን በቀን በጣም በርካታ የሆነ ተሸከርካሪ ሲሄድበት ቆይቱል ከዚህ ቡኃላ በጣለ ከባድ ዝናብ ድልድዩ ተደረመሰ ፡የሪቴንሽን ጊዜው ሲደርስ የሰራው ተቑራጭ እኔን አይመለከተኝም አለ ፤ አሰሪ መስሪያ ቤቱ ደግሞ መጠገን አለብህ አል ፤ማነው ይህን ሪስክ መውሰድ ያለበት???
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▶️መልሳችሁን @engineersWorks ወይም Discussion ላይ ፃፉልን:: እንወቅ እንማማር፡፡