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@kaletsedik
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🙏🏼have a nice day for all engineers 👩‍💻🙏🏼 don’t forget to share and add your friends and family @engineersWorks


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👉የፌደራል ቤቶች ኮርፖሬሽን በአዲስ አበባ ገርጂ በሶስት ቢሊዮን ብር ለሚያስገነባው ዘመናዊ መንደር ከአገር ውስጥና ከውጭ ተቋራጮች ጋር ስምምነት ፈፅሟል።

🚧ኮርፖሬሽኑ ስምምነቱም ያደረገው ከኮሪያ ፣ ከህንድና ከኢትዮጵያዊያን የህንጻ ተቋራጮች ጋር ነው።

🚧ፕሮጀክቱን ይፋ ያደረጉት የጠቅላይ ሚኒስተሩ የካቢኔ ጉዳዮች ጽ/ቤት ኃላፊና የፌደራል ቤቶች ኮርፖሬሽን የቦርድ ኃላፊ ወ/ሮ ደሚቱ ሀምቢሳ ናቸው።

🚧በስምምነቱ መሰረት በገርጂ መኖሪያ መንደር በሚቀጥሉት 18 ወራት ውስጥ 510 መኖሪያ ቤቶች ይገነባሉ የሚገነቡት መኖሪያ ቤቶች ባለ 10 ወለል የሚኖራቸው 16 ህንጻዎች ይኖሯቸዋል።

🚧የመኖረያ መንደሩ ሲጠናቀቅ በከተማዋ የሚታዩ የመኖሪያ ቤት አቅርቦት ችግርን በተወሰነ መልኩ የሚያቃልል መሆኑን ነው የፌደራል ቤቶች ኮርፖሬሽን ዋና ሥራ አስኪያጅ አቶ ረሻድ ከማል የገለጹት።

🚧ግንባታው በዘመናዊ መንገድ የሚገነባ በመሆኑ የግንባታ ወጪውንም ሆነ ጊዜውን የሚያቀላጥፍ መሆኑ ተመክቷል፤አንድ የህንጻ ወለልን በአምስት ቀናት ውስጥ ሰርቶ የሚያጠናቅቅ ቴክኖሎጂ ጥቅም ላይ ይውላል ተብሏል።

🚧ሲኤምሲ ከሚገኘው የኮርፖሬሽኑ የመኖሪያ መንደር ልምድ ተወስዶ ፣ በ3 ሺህ ሄክታር ላይ የሚገነባው ይህ መንደር ሲጠናቀቅ ዘመናዊነትን የተላበሰ ቅንጡ የመኖሪያ መንደር ይሆናል ተብሎ ይጠበቃል።
@engineer03

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👉Longest Highways In The World

🚧Trans Canada Highway Canada is transcontinental systems of roads maintained by both the federal and provincial governments and stretches from the west coast of Pacific Ocean and passes through all the ten provinces of Canada to the east coast at the Atlantic Ocean.

⏺The highway covers a distance of 4,999 miles long. The highway was approved by the Trans-Canada highway act of 1949 and the construction begun in 1950.

⏺It was officially inaugurated in 1962 and its completion was in 1971.

⏺At its completion it was the world’s longest uninterrupted highway and it was distinct with the white on green maple leaf markings along its stretch.

⏺In 2012, a number of public vehicle charging stations were installed along the highway by the Sun Country Highway company to allow owners of electric vehicles to travel across the entire highway.

@engineer03

📌▪What is the standard size of a column for building?

Nowadays RCC columns are widely used, here is the detail about it.

The size of the columns depends on the total load on the columns.

The minimum size of the column should not be less than 9”x9”.

9”x9” columns are to be used for a single storey structure with M15 (1:2:4) (cement: sand: aggregate ) grade of concrete.

In case, 9”x9” column size is to be used for 1 and half storey structure, then it is advised to use M20 (1:1.5:3) (cement : sand : aggregate ) grade concrete.

A safe and structurally sound column size for a 1 and half storey structure should not be less than 12”x9” using M15 grade concrete. This should be in your most preferred and practical options list.

▪Distance between the columns

Try to maintain equal distance between the centres of two columns. Always plan a column layout on a grid.

The distance between two columns of size 9”x9” should not be more than 4m centre to centre of column.

If larger barrier free distances are required then going for larger column size is to be used.

The size of the columns increase because of two factors:

1 . Increase in the distance between two columns (This increases the dimensions of the columns as well the depth of the beam.)

2 . Height of the building (Increase in the number of floors is directly proportional to the dimensions of the columns.



▪Alignment of Columns

A rectangular grid is to be made for placing the columns. This helps in avoiding mistakes and placing in columns can be done in the right way.

The columns can preferably be arranged in two different fashions:

1 . In a straight line with the help of a grid.

2 . In a circular fashion for circular buildings.

Zigzag arrangement of columns is an absolutely wrong way of working out Structural design. It should be remembered that when columns are erected, beams are laid connecting the columns.

The Zigzag column placement causes three major issues:

1 . Unbalanced load transfer

2 . Problems in wall construction

3 . Problems in laying beams.


@engineer03

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Cross section of typical septic tank

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📌▪Runoff

▪ Runoff : Flowing off of precipitation from a catchment area through a surface channel

▪ Direct runoff (Storm runoff) : It is part of runoff which enter the stream immediately after the precipitation.

▪ Base flow : The delayed flow that reaches a stream essentially as ground water flow

▪ Virgin flow : The flow in a stream unaffected by works of man.

▪ Ephemeral stream : Does not have any base flow contribution.

▪ Runoff coefficient (k) = runoff/rainfall

▪ Flow duration curve is a plot of stream flow Vs percentage of times the flow is equalled or exceeded.

@engineer03

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📌Some stress distributions in hydraulics

▪Direct Stress Distribution is Uniform At sections Reasonably Away from Point of application of load.

▪Bending stress Distribution is Linear being zero at Neutral axis & maximum at extreme Fibres.

▪Transverse shear stress (Tangential stress) Distribution is Parabolic being Zero at extreme Fibres & Maximum at Neutral axis.

▪Torsional Shear stress Distribution is Linear being zero at neutral axis and Maximum at extreme Fibres.

▪In Turbulent Flow velocity profile is logarithmic.

▪In Laminar Flow velocity profile is Parabolic.

▪Laminar Sublayer Exist In Turbulent zone and the velocity profile in Laminar Sublayer is Parabolic.

▪Shear stress distribution is linear in both Laminar and Turbulent flows.

▪Average shear Stress Distribution is always Uniform (rectangular).

▪Average velocity distribution is always Uniform in both Laminar and Turbulent Flow situations (rectangular).

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