Cross section of typical septic tank

@engineer03

#CivilEngineerWorks


Facebook address:- https://Facebook.com/Civil.Eng.Works

📌▪Runoff

▪ Runoff : Flowing off of precipitation from a catchment area through a surface channel

▪ Direct runoff (Storm runoff) : It is part of runoff which enter the stream immediately after the precipitation.

▪ Base flow : The delayed flow that reaches a stream essentially as ground water flow

▪ Virgin flow : The flow in a stream unaffected by works of man.

▪ Ephemeral stream : Does not have any base flow contribution.

▪ Runoff coefficient (k) = runoff/rainfall

▪ Flow duration curve is a plot of stream flow Vs percentage of times the flow is equalled or exceeded.

@engineer03

#civilEngineerWorks

Facebook address:-

https://Facebook.com/Civil.Eng.Works

📌 ▪️Q: Tell us about the purpose of gap in the road on the bridge?

Ans: When temperature changes, it contract or expand. In winter it contracts while in summer it expands. These contract and expand results to damage or deformation to the road.

@engineer03
#civilEngineerWorks

🔹CLEAR COVER TO MAIN REINFORCEMENT -

▪️ FOOTINGS : 50 mm

▪️ RAFT FOUNDATION TOP : 50 mm

▪️ RAFT FOUNDATION BOTTOM/SIDES : 75 mm

▪️ STRAP BEAM : 50 mm

▪️ GRADE SLAB : 20 mm

▪️ COLUMN : 40 mm

▪️ SHEAR WALL : 25 mm

▪️ BEAMS : 25 mm

▪️ SLABS : 15 mm

▪️ FLAT SLAB : 20 mm

▪️ STAIRCASE : 15 mm

▪️ RET. WALL : 20/ 25 mm on earth

▪️ WATER RETAINING STRUCTURES : 20/30 mm

Join 👉 @engineer03 to know more about Civil Engineering.

@engineer03

#CivilEngineerWorks

📌▪Prevention of trains from accidents due to the expansion▪

Every part of the long railway track has connected through a special joint. It named the fish plate.

The plates placed at both side of railway track and fastened with nut and bolts tightly. The plates called a fish plate.

Keeping the gap between two consecutive railway track railway engineers eliminate the possible cause of accidents for expanding and contraction of railway steel metal track according to temperature difference in different seasons.

At the hot seasons when railway track expands it fillup the gap and when in cold due to contractions of railway track metal the gap will expand. But due to this gap, there are no abnormalities of the layout of Railway tracks. It remains straight.

There is no problem of running of the train upon the railway track over between the gaps of railway tracks of fishplates.

Nowadays the fish plate becomes obsolete. The railway track now comes in long in length and fish plate remove by over lapping section like this.

Join 👉 @engineer03 to know more about Civil Engineering.#share

@engineer03

#CivilEngineerWorks

▪️Q: What is aggregate?

Ans: The composite material used to resist the compressive stress. Aggregates are classified in two main types:

Fine Aggregate

Coarse Aggregate

▪️Q: Please tell us about soil reinforcement?

Ans: Soil reinforcement are used to improve soil strength and have ability to support more load.

▪️Q: What is world largest concrete dam?

Ans: The world largest concrete dam is Grand coulee dam.

▪️Q: Please tell the tallest man made structure?

Ans: The tallest man made structure is Burj ul khalifa. The height of burj ul khalifa is 828 meter.

▪️Q: Which units are used for the measurement of concrete?

Ans: Cubic meter (m3), cubic foot (ft3), cubic yard (y3).

▪️Q: What are the causes of building collapse?

Ans: The causes of building collapse are:

Weak foundation

Passage of time

Demolition

Bombing

Natural disaster

▪️Q: What is the final setting time of concrete?

Ans: The final setting time of ordinary concrete is 10 hours.

▪️Q: What is initial setting rime of concrete?

Ans: The initial setting time of ordinary concrete is 30 minutes.

▪️Q: Please tell us about the types of beam?

Ans: The types of beam base on supports are:

Simply supported beam

Continuous beam

Over hanging beam

Double over hanging

Cantilever beam

Fixed beam

Trussed beam

▪️Q: Please tell us about the types of load?

Ans: The types of load are:

dead load

live load

snow load

impact load

Wind load

Earth quacke

Environmental load

▪️Q: What is minimum number of bars used in rectangular or square column?

Ans: 8 Eight minimum number of bars can be used in rectangular or square column.

▪️Q: What is minimum grade of concrete used in RCC work?

Ans: The minimum M20 grade of concrete is used in RCC Work.

▪️Q: What is the size of brick?

Ans: The standard size of this brick is 19 x 9 x 9 cm.

▪️Q: What are the numbers of brick required per 1 cubic meter (m3)?

Ans: 1 cubic meter (m3) contains 500 numbers of brick.

▪️Q: Who designed the city of Washington Dc?

Ans: Pierre L’ enfant designed the city of Washington DC.

▪️Q: Please tell us how long concrete takes to harden?

Ans: Concrete takes 28 days to cure and gain 85% of strength.

▪️Q: How many pyramid in Egypt?

Ans: There are 80 pyramids in Egypt.

▪️Q: How do you calculate the volume air flow?

Ans: Orifice meter is used to measure the air flow.

▪️Q: How many square feet are in square yard?

Ans: There are 9 nine square feet in a one 1 square yard.

▪️Q: What are the strongest shape in building?

Ans: The strongest shape in building is pillars.

▪️Q: What are the different types of slump test?

Ans: The different types of slump test are:

Shear slump

True slump

Collapse slump

▪️Q: What is mean reinforcement concrete?

Ans: Reinforcement concrete means the composition concrete (cement, fine aggregate, and coarse aggregate) and steel is known as reinforcement of concrete.

▪️Q: What is DPC stands for?

Ans: DPC stands for damp proof coarse

▪️Q: How many bricks are there in 100 cft?

Ans: There are 1350 number of bricks in 100 cft.
@engineer03
#civilEngineerWorks

Facebook address:-
https://Facebook.com/Civil.Eng.works