▶️Definitions of terms Of Masonry👇
.1. Course : A course is a horizontal layer of bricks stones
2. Bed : the surface of a stone perpendicular to the line of pressure of (lower surface of bricks or stones in each course)
3. Back : The inner surface of wall not exposed is called back.
The material forming back is known as backing
4. Face : The exterior of the wall exposed to weather is known
as face. The material used in the facing of wall is known as
facing
5. Hearting : It is the interior portion of a wall between facing
and backing
6. Head : It is a brick or stone, which lies with its greatest length at right angles to the face of the work.
7. Stretcher : It is a brick or a stone which lies with its congest
side parallel to the face of the work
8. Bond : The method of arranging bricks so that the individual units are tied together
9. Spalls : The chips of stones used for filling the interstices in
stone masonry
10. Quoins : The stones used for the corners of walls of structure
11. Bat : It is a portion of a brick cut across the width.
12. Closer: It is the portion of a brickcut in such a manner that its one long face remains uncut
13. Queen closer: it is the portion of a brick obtained by cutting a brick length-wise into two portions
14. King closer: It is the portion of brick obtained by cutting off
the triangular piece between the centre of one end and the
centre of one side.
15. Bevelled closer: It is the portion of a brick in which the
whole length of the brick is bevelled for maintaining half
width at one end and full width at the other
16. Frog : It is an indentation or depression on the top face of a
brick made with the object of forming a key for the mortar.
17. Sill : It is a horizontal stone, concrete or wood, employed for
the purpose of shedding off rain water from the face of wall
immediately below the window opening
18. Corbel : It is the extension of one or more course of stone or
brick from the face of a wall to serve as a support for wall
plates
19. Templates : Pieces of stones placed under the end of a beam
to distribute load over a greater area.
20. Coping : It is the course placed upon the exposed top of an external wall to prevent the seepage of water
21. Buttress : It is a sloping or stepped masonry projection from a tall wall intended to strengthen the wall against the thrust of a roof
.
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