BPSC Exam Tourism Sector of Bihar Study Notes: Bihar in eastern India is one of the oldest inhabited places within the world with a history going back 3000 years. The rich culture and heritage of Bihar are evident from the innumerable ancient monuments that are dotted everywhere in the state. Bihar is home to several tourist attractions and is visited by large numbers of tourists from everywhere on the planet. Around a total of 6 million tourists visit Bihar each year from the world.
Here, we are giving the complete study material of ‘Tourism Sector of Bihar’ that will ease the journey of aspirants to crack the competitive examinations like BPSC and other state-level examinations.
Tourism Sector of Bihar Study Notes
Tourism has been boosted by the establishment of the Bihar State Tourism Development Corporation.
Its main aim is to commercialize all the tourist resources of Bihar.
Tourist Information Centers, Hospitality services, Heritage Hotels, Wildlife Sanctuary, and National Parks etc. have been developed.
Buddhist Tourism:
Kesaria Stupa is the highest stupa in India measured from the base in East Champaran.
Vaishali
Buddha delivered his last sermon here.
2nd Buddhist Council was convened by King Kalashoka
Patna
Its ancient name is Patliputra.
It was the capital of many famous ruling dynasties like Mauryas and Guptas
3rd Buddhist Council was convened by King Ashoka in 250 B.C.
Ajatshatru had built up the fort in Patliputra
Udayin had set up Patliputra town.
Bodh Gaya
It is the most important Buddhist pilgrimage site
It was earlier known as Uruvela
On the banks of river Niranjana, Buddha attained his enlightenment and the tree that sheltered him is known as Bodhi Tree
Mahabodhi Temple was designated as UNESCO World Heritage Site
Buddha statue - a huge Buddha Statue in sitting posture
Jain Tourism:
Vaishali - It is the birthplace of Lord Mahavir Jain
Pawapuri
Lord Mahavira breathed his last here.
Jal Mandir - spectacular marble temple in the middle of a lotus pond stands marvellously on a rectangular platform
Samosharan Temple - Lord Mahavira delivered his last teaching here
Sikh Tourism:
Patna
10th Sikh Guru Gobind Singh was born here.
Sri Harmandir Sahib Takht Gurudwara is located here.
Hindu Religious Sites:
Ahirauli (Buxar)
A temple of Devi Ahalya, the wife of Rishi Gautam
She was transformed into stone by the curse of her husband and was redeemed only when lord Rama visited the place.
Singheshwar Sthan in Madhepura is considered the abode of Lord Shiva.
Sitamarhi
Janki Temple is situated here.
It is considered the birthplace of SITA.
Sita Kund in Munger - after proving her chastity, Sita bathed in the pool which absorbed her heat
Sufi Tourism:
Phulwari Sharif
Khankah Muzibia was founded by Hazrat Pir Muzibullah Quadri
The sacred hair of beard of Paigamber Hazrat Mohammad is preserved here.
A meal is held here every year.
Sangi Masjid located here constructed by Humayun
Bihar Sharif
Choti Dargah of Hazrat Makhdum Saiyad Shah Ahmed Charampose
Around the tomb of Saint Ibrahim Bayu, 10 smaller tombs are also built.
Maner Sharif
It was also an important centre of learning
Tomb of Makhdum Daulat and Yahiya Maneri is located here
The ceilings have carved inscriptions from Koran
Ecological Sites:
Kakolat Waterfalls - in Nawada district near Jharkhand border which has a fall of 160 ft.
Kaimur Wildlife Sanctuary - Kaimur, Bengal Tigers are also found here. Other important sites in it are:
Karkat waterfall
Telhar waterfall
Anupam Lake
Bhimbandh Wildlife Sanctuary - Munger, located south of Ganga. It has several hot springs like Sita Kund and Rishi Kund. It is more famous for birds than land animals.
Vikramshila Gangetic Dolphin Sanctuary in Bhagalpur, stretching from Sultanganj to Kahalgaon. It is the only protected area for Gangetic Dolphins.
Here, we are giving the complete study material of ‘Tourism Sector of Bihar’ that will ease the journey of aspirants to crack the competitive examinations like BPSC and other state-level examinations.
Tourism Sector of Bihar Study Notes
Tourism has been boosted by the establishment of the Bihar State Tourism Development Corporation.
Its main aim is to commercialize all the tourist resources of Bihar.
Tourist Information Centers, Hospitality services, Heritage Hotels, Wildlife Sanctuary, and National Parks etc. have been developed.
Buddhist Tourism:
Kesaria Stupa is the highest stupa in India measured from the base in East Champaran.
Vaishali
Buddha delivered his last sermon here.
2nd Buddhist Council was convened by King Kalashoka
Patna
Its ancient name is Patliputra.
It was the capital of many famous ruling dynasties like Mauryas and Guptas
3rd Buddhist Council was convened by King Ashoka in 250 B.C.
Ajatshatru had built up the fort in Patliputra
Udayin had set up Patliputra town.
Bodh Gaya
It is the most important Buddhist pilgrimage site
It was earlier known as Uruvela
On the banks of river Niranjana, Buddha attained his enlightenment and the tree that sheltered him is known as Bodhi Tree
Mahabodhi Temple was designated as UNESCO World Heritage Site
Buddha statue - a huge Buddha Statue in sitting posture
Jain Tourism:
Vaishali - It is the birthplace of Lord Mahavir Jain
Pawapuri
Lord Mahavira breathed his last here.
Jal Mandir - spectacular marble temple in the middle of a lotus pond stands marvellously on a rectangular platform
Samosharan Temple - Lord Mahavira delivered his last teaching here
Sikh Tourism:
Patna
10th Sikh Guru Gobind Singh was born here.
Sri Harmandir Sahib Takht Gurudwara is located here.
Hindu Religious Sites:
Ahirauli (Buxar)
A temple of Devi Ahalya, the wife of Rishi Gautam
She was transformed into stone by the curse of her husband and was redeemed only when lord Rama visited the place.
Singheshwar Sthan in Madhepura is considered the abode of Lord Shiva.
Sitamarhi
Janki Temple is situated here.
It is considered the birthplace of SITA.
Sita Kund in Munger - after proving her chastity, Sita bathed in the pool which absorbed her heat
Sufi Tourism:
Phulwari Sharif
Khankah Muzibia was founded by Hazrat Pir Muzibullah Quadri
The sacred hair of beard of Paigamber Hazrat Mohammad is preserved here.
A meal is held here every year.
Sangi Masjid located here constructed by Humayun
Bihar Sharif
Choti Dargah of Hazrat Makhdum Saiyad Shah Ahmed Charampose
Around the tomb of Saint Ibrahim Bayu, 10 smaller tombs are also built.
Maner Sharif
It was also an important centre of learning
Tomb of Makhdum Daulat and Yahiya Maneri is located here
The ceilings have carved inscriptions from Koran
Ecological Sites:
Kakolat Waterfalls - in Nawada district near Jharkhand border which has a fall of 160 ft.
Kaimur Wildlife Sanctuary - Kaimur, Bengal Tigers are also found here. Other important sites in it are:
Karkat waterfall
Telhar waterfall
Anupam Lake
Bhimbandh Wildlife Sanctuary - Munger, located south of Ganga. It has several hot springs like Sita Kund and Rishi Kund. It is more famous for birds than land animals.
Vikramshila Gangetic Dolphin Sanctuary in Bhagalpur, stretching from Sultanganj to Kahalgaon. It is the only protected area for Gangetic Dolphins.
Secular Sites:
Khudabaksh Library, one of the largest libraries of Asia, is located in Central Patna
Didarganj Yakshini is the most treasured possession of the Patna Museum
Rajgir - was the ancient capital of the Magadha Empire
Nalanda hosts the famous ancient University
Golghar in Patna was built by Captain John Garstin under the order of Lord Warren Hastings.
Qila-i-Rohtas in Rohtas district built by Sher Shah Suri in 1541
Eighty Pillared Hall of Magadhan empire in Kumhrar (Patna)
Mauryan pillars at Lauriya Nandangarh, Rampurva, and Lauriya Areraj
Khudabaksh Library, one of the largest libraries of Asia, is located in Central Patna
Didarganj Yakshini is the most treasured possession of the Patna Museum
Rajgir - was the ancient capital of the Magadha Empire
Nalanda hosts the famous ancient University
Golghar in Patna was built by Captain John Garstin under the order of Lord Warren Hastings.
Qila-i-Rohtas in Rohtas district built by Sher Shah Suri in 1541
Eighty Pillared Hall of Magadhan empire in Kumhrar (Patna)
Mauryan pillars at Lauriya Nandangarh, Rampurva, and Lauriya Areraj
BPSC Exam Minerals and Energy Resources of Bihar Study Notes: Bihar is the principal holder of the country's pyrite resources and possesses 95% of the resources. Bihar has also some good resources of Bauxite in Jamui district, Cement Morter in Bhabhua, Mica in Muzaffarpur, Nawada, Jamui, Gaya and salt in Gaya and Jamui. Iron and copper ore are also produced in Bihar.
Here, we are giving the complete study material of ‘Minerals and Energy Resources of Bihar’ that will ease the journey of aspirants to crack the competitive examinations like BPSC and other state-level examinations.
Minerals and Energy Resources
Minerals:
South Bihar has a greater concentration of minerals than North Bihar
Prior to the bifurcation, Bihar was one of the leading producers of minerals.
Manganese
India is the 5th largest producer and has the 2nd largest reserves in the world.
It is used in the Iron and Steel industry for making alloy.
In Bihar, it is found in Patna, Munger and Gaya.
Mica
3 varieties of mica are found in India - Muscovite, Phlogopite, and Biotite.
Mica that is found in Bihar and Jharkhand is Muscovite.
For its insulating property, it is used abundantly in the electronics industry.
Prior to the bifurcation, Bihar was a leader in mica production.
It is found in Southeast Bihar in the districts of Nawada, Jamui, Banka, Bhagalpur, and Munger.
In Jharkhand, it is found in Hazaribagh, Koderma, and Giridih.
Pyrite
It is the sulfide of iron, chiefly used for making Sulphuric acid.
Industries like fertiliser, petroleum, steel etc. use Sulphuric acid.
Mainly found in the Sone valley and Vidhyan belt in Rohtas district.
Author (Rohtas) has an iron pyrite industry.
Limestone
It chiefly consists of Calcium Carbonate.
Limestone deposits are of sedimentary origin.
Good quality limestone is used in the cement industry while low quality is used in the iron and building construction industry.
In Rohtas and Kaimur, good quality limestones are found.
Asbestos
It is fibrous in nature.
It can be used in fireproof safes, insulators, insulating mats etc.
Asbestos cement is used in making sheets, pipes, and tiles for building purposes.
In Bihar, it is mainly found in Munger.
Monazite is found in Gaya and Munger.
Quartz
It is found in Munger.
It is used in the cement and power industries.
Uranium
It is found in Gaya.
It is used in nuclear reactors.
Beryllium
It is used as a moderator in the nuclear reactor.
It is found in the Gaya district.
Bauxite
It is an important ore of aluminium.
It is not a specific mineral but a rock consisting mainly of hydrated aluminium oxides.
It is found in the Rohtas district.
Gold
It is found in the Munger district.
It is auriferous lodes and some of it is found in the sands of rivers.
It is used for making ornaments and is also used as an international currency.
FELDSPAR
It is found along with quartz in Pegmatite rocks.
It has applications in ceramic, glass and refractory industries.
Feldspar is found in Munger and Bhagalpur district.
LEAD
This is obtained from a mineral named Galena.
Lead is used in many forms and is obtained from a few places in Bhagalpur
Energy Resources:
Availability of adequate, reliable, affordable and quality power is necessary for economic growth and to sustain that growth.
It generates employment thus leading to the elimination of poverty and human development.
The per capita power consumption of Bihar is 258 kWh much lower than India’s 1122 kWh.
But still, Bihar has faced the power deficit continuously.
Bihar State Electricity Board was set up in April 1958 under the Electricity Supply Act.
It was mandated for the generation, transmission, and distribution in Bihar.
Power generation in Bihar is primarily based on fossil fuels.
But to promote renewable energy, Bihar Govt. has created an agency called Bihar Renewable Energy Development Agency (BREDA)
Here, we are giving the complete study material of ‘Minerals and Energy Resources of Bihar’ that will ease the journey of aspirants to crack the competitive examinations like BPSC and other state-level examinations.
Minerals and Energy Resources
Minerals:
South Bihar has a greater concentration of minerals than North Bihar
Prior to the bifurcation, Bihar was one of the leading producers of minerals.
Manganese
India is the 5th largest producer and has the 2nd largest reserves in the world.
It is used in the Iron and Steel industry for making alloy.
In Bihar, it is found in Patna, Munger and Gaya.
Mica
3 varieties of mica are found in India - Muscovite, Phlogopite, and Biotite.
Mica that is found in Bihar and Jharkhand is Muscovite.
For its insulating property, it is used abundantly in the electronics industry.
Prior to the bifurcation, Bihar was a leader in mica production.
It is found in Southeast Bihar in the districts of Nawada, Jamui, Banka, Bhagalpur, and Munger.
In Jharkhand, it is found in Hazaribagh, Koderma, and Giridih.
Pyrite
It is the sulfide of iron, chiefly used for making Sulphuric acid.
Industries like fertiliser, petroleum, steel etc. use Sulphuric acid.
Mainly found in the Sone valley and Vidhyan belt in Rohtas district.
Author (Rohtas) has an iron pyrite industry.
Limestone
It chiefly consists of Calcium Carbonate.
Limestone deposits are of sedimentary origin.
Good quality limestone is used in the cement industry while low quality is used in the iron and building construction industry.
In Rohtas and Kaimur, good quality limestones are found.
Asbestos
It is fibrous in nature.
It can be used in fireproof safes, insulators, insulating mats etc.
Asbestos cement is used in making sheets, pipes, and tiles for building purposes.
In Bihar, it is mainly found in Munger.
Monazite is found in Gaya and Munger.
Quartz
It is found in Munger.
It is used in the cement and power industries.
Uranium
It is found in Gaya.
It is used in nuclear reactors.
Beryllium
It is used as a moderator in the nuclear reactor.
It is found in the Gaya district.
Bauxite
It is an important ore of aluminium.
It is not a specific mineral but a rock consisting mainly of hydrated aluminium oxides.
It is found in the Rohtas district.
Gold
It is found in the Munger district.
It is auriferous lodes and some of it is found in the sands of rivers.
It is used for making ornaments and is also used as an international currency.
FELDSPAR
It is found along with quartz in Pegmatite rocks.
It has applications in ceramic, glass and refractory industries.
Feldspar is found in Munger and Bhagalpur district.
LEAD
This is obtained from a mineral named Galena.
Lead is used in many forms and is obtained from a few places in Bhagalpur
Energy Resources:
Availability of adequate, reliable, affordable and quality power is necessary for economic growth and to sustain that growth.
It generates employment thus leading to the elimination of poverty and human development.
The per capita power consumption of Bihar is 258 kWh much lower than India’s 1122 kWh.
But still, Bihar has faced the power deficit continuously.
Bihar State Electricity Board was set up in April 1958 under the Electricity Supply Act.
It was mandated for the generation, transmission, and distribution in Bihar.
Power generation in Bihar is primarily based on fossil fuels.
But to promote renewable energy, Bihar Govt. has created an agency called Bihar Renewable Energy Development Agency (BREDA)
Barauni Thermal Power Plant
The only power plant under the state sector.
It is based on the oil refinery at Barauni.
It was established in 1970 with Russian help.
Kanti Bijli Utpadan Nigam Limited
It is a joint venture of NTPC and Bihar State Power Generation Company Limited.
Kosi Hydel Power Station
Constructed on the river Kosi in Supaul
It was commissioned in 1970.
It was handed over to the Bihar govt. in 16th November 2003
New Projects - Thermal
Nabinagar Power Plant
The project is located in Aurangabad.
It will be a coal-based plant.
Pirpainti Power Plant
The project will be constructed at Bhagalpur.
It will be constructed by NHPC.
Kajara Power Plant
The project will be constructed at Lakhisarai.
It will be constructed by NTPC.
New Projects - Hydel
Chausa Hydel Power Plant in Buxar
Mathai Hydel Power Project in West Champaran
Ultra-Mega Power Power Project will be constructed in Banka.
The only power plant under the state sector.
It is based on the oil refinery at Barauni.
It was established in 1970 with Russian help.
Kanti Bijli Utpadan Nigam Limited
It is a joint venture of NTPC and Bihar State Power Generation Company Limited.
Kosi Hydel Power Station
Constructed on the river Kosi in Supaul
It was commissioned in 1970.
It was handed over to the Bihar govt. in 16th November 2003
New Projects - Thermal
Nabinagar Power Plant
The project is located in Aurangabad.
It will be a coal-based plant.
Pirpainti Power Plant
The project will be constructed at Bhagalpur.
It will be constructed by NHPC.
Kajara Power Plant
The project will be constructed at Lakhisarai.
It will be constructed by NTPC.
New Projects - Hydel
Chausa Hydel Power Plant in Buxar
Mathai Hydel Power Project in West Champaran
Ultra-Mega Power Power Project will be constructed in Banka.
Bihar State Exam Agriculture, Transport & Industries in Bihar Study Material: Bihar is one of the fastest-growing states in India. The economy of Bihar is projected to grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 13.4% during 2012-2017 i.e. the 12th Five-Year Plan. Bihar has witnessed strong growth in per capita net state domestic product (NSDP). Bihar is mainly agricultural products producing state.
The state has a large base of cost-effective industrial labour, making it an ideal destination for a wide range of industries. As per the Year Book of Road Transport 2013, Bihar was the second-fastest-growing state in India (16.2 per cent) in terms of registration of vehicles during 2009-13.
Here, we are giving the complete study material of ‘Agriculture, Transport & Industries in Bihar’ that will ease the journey of aspirants to crack the competitive examinations like BPSC and other state-level examinations.
Agriculture in Bihar State
Bihar is primarily an agricultural state where farming is subsistent in nature.
Foodgrains are the main crops.
Gopalganj and Madhepura have the highest net sown area.
There are three cropping seasons in Bihar.
Kharif Crops
They are also called Bhadai and Aghani crops.
They are sown in May-June and harvested in September-October.
Important crops - Maize, Paddy and Jute.
Rabi Crops
They are sown in October-November and harvested in March-April.
Important crops - Wheat, Gram, Rapeseed and Mustard.
Zaid Crops
They are produced between Rabi and Kharif crop seasons.
Important crops - Muskmelon, Watermelon, Gourd etc.
RICE
Main cereal crop of Bihar
Two crops are grown - Aus (Summer Crop) and Aman (Winter Crop)
Maximum area - Madhubani, Aurangabad and Rohtas
Maximum production - Rohtas, Aurangabad and West Champaran
Maximum productivity - Arwal, Rohtas and Sheikhpura
WHEAT
The best suited is sandy soil having the capacity to retain moisture.
Ganga Diara and Bagmati plains are the most important.
Maximum area - Rohtas, East Champaran and Aurangabad
Maximum production - Rohtas, Kaimur and Siwan
Maximum productivity - Jahanabad, Patna and Gaya
MAIZE
Light clay soil is best for maize e.g. Bal Sundari soil
Maximum area - Khagaria
Maximum production - Katihar, Madhepura and Khagaria
Maximum productivity - Katihar
JUTE
Bihar ranks 2nd in jute production after West Bengal
It requires alluvial soil with a large amount of rainfall.
Major district for jute production - Kishanganj and Purnea
PULSES
Arhar, gram, urad, masoor, moong and khesari are grown.
Maximum area - Patna, Aurangabad and Muzaffarpur
Maximum production - Patna, Aurangabad and Nalanda
Maximum productivity - Kaimur
Bihar is known for its Litchi and Mango production.
Litchi of Muzaffarpur is famous all over India.
IRRIGATION
The irrigation potential of Bihar is very high but utilization is very low.
Proper irrigation helps in raising agricultural production thus bettering the lives of people.
Bihar also receives a fair amount of rainfall.
There is a however uneven distribution of both irrigation facilities and rainfall across various districts.
The share of irrigation by Canals is 37% and Tubewells is 30% while wells and ponds account for 30%.
Almost 3/4th of the Canal irrigated area is in South Bihar.
SONE CANAL
Eastern Sone Canal taken out from Barun - irrigates Patna, Jahanabad, Aurangabad and Gaya
Western Sone Canal has been taken out from Tishri - irrigate Ara, Buxar and Rohtas
KOSI CANAL
Two canals took out from Hanuman Nagar reservoir
Eastern Kosi Canal - irrigates Purnia, Madhepura and Saharsa.
Western Kosi Canal - irrigates Darbhanga district.
GANDAK CANAL
Two Canals took out from the dam at Valmiki Nagar
Saran Canal - irrigates Saran, Gopalganj and Siwan
Tirhut Canal - irrigates Muzaffarpur, Vaishali and East Champaran
TRIVENI CANAL
It is taken out from Gandak River at Triveni.
The state has a large base of cost-effective industrial labour, making it an ideal destination for a wide range of industries. As per the Year Book of Road Transport 2013, Bihar was the second-fastest-growing state in India (16.2 per cent) in terms of registration of vehicles during 2009-13.
Here, we are giving the complete study material of ‘Agriculture, Transport & Industries in Bihar’ that will ease the journey of aspirants to crack the competitive examinations like BPSC and other state-level examinations.
Agriculture in Bihar State
Bihar is primarily an agricultural state where farming is subsistent in nature.
Foodgrains are the main crops.
Gopalganj and Madhepura have the highest net sown area.
There are three cropping seasons in Bihar.
Kharif Crops
They are also called Bhadai and Aghani crops.
They are sown in May-June and harvested in September-October.
Important crops - Maize, Paddy and Jute.
Rabi Crops
They are sown in October-November and harvested in March-April.
Important crops - Wheat, Gram, Rapeseed and Mustard.
Zaid Crops
They are produced between Rabi and Kharif crop seasons.
Important crops - Muskmelon, Watermelon, Gourd etc.
RICE
Main cereal crop of Bihar
Two crops are grown - Aus (Summer Crop) and Aman (Winter Crop)
Maximum area - Madhubani, Aurangabad and Rohtas
Maximum production - Rohtas, Aurangabad and West Champaran
Maximum productivity - Arwal, Rohtas and Sheikhpura
WHEAT
The best suited is sandy soil having the capacity to retain moisture.
Ganga Diara and Bagmati plains are the most important.
Maximum area - Rohtas, East Champaran and Aurangabad
Maximum production - Rohtas, Kaimur and Siwan
Maximum productivity - Jahanabad, Patna and Gaya
MAIZE
Light clay soil is best for maize e.g. Bal Sundari soil
Maximum area - Khagaria
Maximum production - Katihar, Madhepura and Khagaria
Maximum productivity - Katihar
JUTE
Bihar ranks 2nd in jute production after West Bengal
It requires alluvial soil with a large amount of rainfall.
Major district for jute production - Kishanganj and Purnea
PULSES
Arhar, gram, urad, masoor, moong and khesari are grown.
Maximum area - Patna, Aurangabad and Muzaffarpur
Maximum production - Patna, Aurangabad and Nalanda
Maximum productivity - Kaimur
Bihar is known for its Litchi and Mango production.
Litchi of Muzaffarpur is famous all over India.
IRRIGATION
The irrigation potential of Bihar is very high but utilization is very low.
Proper irrigation helps in raising agricultural production thus bettering the lives of people.
Bihar also receives a fair amount of rainfall.
There is a however uneven distribution of both irrigation facilities and rainfall across various districts.
The share of irrigation by Canals is 37% and Tubewells is 30% while wells and ponds account for 30%.
Almost 3/4th of the Canal irrigated area is in South Bihar.
SONE CANAL
Eastern Sone Canal taken out from Barun - irrigates Patna, Jahanabad, Aurangabad and Gaya
Western Sone Canal has been taken out from Tishri - irrigate Ara, Buxar and Rohtas
KOSI CANAL
Two canals took out from Hanuman Nagar reservoir
Eastern Kosi Canal - irrigates Purnia, Madhepura and Saharsa.
Western Kosi Canal - irrigates Darbhanga district.
GANDAK CANAL
Two Canals took out from the dam at Valmiki Nagar
Saran Canal - irrigates Saran, Gopalganj and Siwan
Tirhut Canal - irrigates Muzaffarpur, Vaishali and East Champaran
TRIVENI CANAL
It is taken out from Gandak River at Triveni.
It irrigates the West Champaran district.
KAMLA CANAL
It is taken out from Kamla River in Darbhanga.
It irrigates mainly the Madhubani district.
Transport in Bihar State
ROADWAYS
Roadways are the most common means of transport used by people.
Development of the people cannot be achieved without adequate roads.
In terms of road length per lakh population, it is just over 200 km compared to the national average of 358 km.
However, in terms of road density of 210 km per 100 sq. km, Bihar is much ahead of other states except Kerala and West Bengal
The total length of National Highways is 4595 km.
The longest NH in Bihar is NH-31 of which 393 km is in Bihar.
East-West Corridor
It connects Porbandar to Silchar.
It passes through 10 districts.
Kishanganj, Katihar, Purnia, Araria, Supaul, Madhepura, Darbhanga, Muzaffarpur, East Champaran and Gopalganj
It crosses the Gandak River in Bihar.
It consists of NH-27.
Golden Quadrilateral
It passes through 4 districts.
Kaimur, Rohtas, Aurangabad and Gaya.
It crosses the Sone River in Bihar.
It consists of NH-2 which connects Delhi to Kolkata.
Major NHS :
NH-19 - Chhapra to Patna
NH-57 - Muzaffarpur to Purnia
NH-82 - Gaya to Mokama
NH-85 - Chhapra to Gopalganj
NH-98 - Patna to Rajhara. AIIMS Patna is on this NH.
Major Road Bridges :
Mahatma Gandhi Setu on Ganga river in Patna
Vikramshila Setu on Ganga river in Bhagalpur
Major Rail-Road Bridges :
Rajendra Setu on Ganga river in Mokama
Nehru Setu on Sone river in Dehri-i-Koh
Abdul Bari Bridge on Sone river connecting Koilwar and Bhojpur
Ganga Rail-Road Bridge on Ganga river connecting Patna and Sonepur
RAILWAYS
Railways started developing quite early in Bihar by the East India Company in 1860-62.
Bihar has three railway lines
North-Eastern Railway - North Bihar
East Central Railway - South Bihar
North-East Frontier Railway - North-East Bihar
The headquarters of the East Central Railway is located in Hajipur in the Vaishali district of Bihar.
AIRWAYS
There are two international airports in Bihar.
Jay Prakash Narayan International Airport, Patna
Gaya International Airport - It was mainly developed for Buddhist tourism in Gaya.
WATERWAYS
Waterways are the cheapest means of transport.
It is environment friendly and fuel-efficient.
National Waterway-1 that connects Allahabad to Haldia passes through Bihar.
Bihar Steamer Service is available at Bararighat in Bhagalpur
Ara Canal is also used for navigation purposes.
INDUSTRIES in Bihar State
Most of the industries are agro-based.
The First Sugar manufacturing company was set up by the Dutch in 1840.
Bihar State Milk Cooperative Federation (CONFED)
It was established in 1983.
SUDHA brand is marketed by CONFED.
The tea industry in Bihar is mostly concentrated in the Kishanganj district.
Bhagalpur region has great potential for Silk Industry.
Jute Park is being set up at Maranga in the Purnia district.
The leather industry is concentrated in Muzaffarpur and Mokama. Due to only a few working industries, most of the raw materials find a way to Kolkata, Kanpur and Chennai.
Bihar Industrial Area Development Authority (BIADA)
It was constituted under the B I A D Act 1974 to promote industrialization in Bihar.
It has 4 regional offices in Patna, Darbhanga, Muzaffarpur and Bhagalpur.
Bharat Wagon and Engineering Company Limited
It is a PSU located in Mokama
It manufactures rail wagons.
Barauni Refinery
It is located in Begusarai.
It was established in 1964 with the help of the USSR.
It is owned by Indian Oil Corporation.
It receives oil from the Numaligarh oilfield in Assam.
Major Industrial locations in Bihar
Mokama - Leather, Rail Wagons
Digha - Leather, Beer
Bihta - Sugar
Patna - Cracker, Cotton Textile
Bhagalpur - Tussar Silk
Munger - Gun, Cigarette
Gaya - Sugar, Lac, Cotton Textile, Leather
Dumraon - Cotton Textile, Laltern
Bihar Sharif - Tobacco
Darbhanga - Paper
Samastipur - Paper mill, Sugar
Katihar - Jute, Matchstick
Dalmianagar - Cement
Hajipur - Plywood
KAMLA CANAL
It is taken out from Kamla River in Darbhanga.
It irrigates mainly the Madhubani district.
Transport in Bihar State
ROADWAYS
Roadways are the most common means of transport used by people.
Development of the people cannot be achieved without adequate roads.
In terms of road length per lakh population, it is just over 200 km compared to the national average of 358 km.
However, in terms of road density of 210 km per 100 sq. km, Bihar is much ahead of other states except Kerala and West Bengal
The total length of National Highways is 4595 km.
The longest NH in Bihar is NH-31 of which 393 km is in Bihar.
East-West Corridor
It connects Porbandar to Silchar.
It passes through 10 districts.
Kishanganj, Katihar, Purnia, Araria, Supaul, Madhepura, Darbhanga, Muzaffarpur, East Champaran and Gopalganj
It crosses the Gandak River in Bihar.
It consists of NH-27.
Golden Quadrilateral
It passes through 4 districts.
Kaimur, Rohtas, Aurangabad and Gaya.
It crosses the Sone River in Bihar.
It consists of NH-2 which connects Delhi to Kolkata.
Major NHS :
NH-19 - Chhapra to Patna
NH-57 - Muzaffarpur to Purnia
NH-82 - Gaya to Mokama
NH-85 - Chhapra to Gopalganj
NH-98 - Patna to Rajhara. AIIMS Patna is on this NH.
Major Road Bridges :
Mahatma Gandhi Setu on Ganga river in Patna
Vikramshila Setu on Ganga river in Bhagalpur
Major Rail-Road Bridges :
Rajendra Setu on Ganga river in Mokama
Nehru Setu on Sone river in Dehri-i-Koh
Abdul Bari Bridge on Sone river connecting Koilwar and Bhojpur
Ganga Rail-Road Bridge on Ganga river connecting Patna and Sonepur
RAILWAYS
Railways started developing quite early in Bihar by the East India Company in 1860-62.
Bihar has three railway lines
North-Eastern Railway - North Bihar
East Central Railway - South Bihar
North-East Frontier Railway - North-East Bihar
The headquarters of the East Central Railway is located in Hajipur in the Vaishali district of Bihar.
AIRWAYS
There are two international airports in Bihar.
Jay Prakash Narayan International Airport, Patna
Gaya International Airport - It was mainly developed for Buddhist tourism in Gaya.
WATERWAYS
Waterways are the cheapest means of transport.
It is environment friendly and fuel-efficient.
National Waterway-1 that connects Allahabad to Haldia passes through Bihar.
Bihar Steamer Service is available at Bararighat in Bhagalpur
Ara Canal is also used for navigation purposes.
INDUSTRIES in Bihar State
Most of the industries are agro-based.
The First Sugar manufacturing company was set up by the Dutch in 1840.
Bihar State Milk Cooperative Federation (CONFED)
It was established in 1983.
SUDHA brand is marketed by CONFED.
The tea industry in Bihar is mostly concentrated in the Kishanganj district.
Bhagalpur region has great potential for Silk Industry.
Jute Park is being set up at Maranga in the Purnia district.
The leather industry is concentrated in Muzaffarpur and Mokama. Due to only a few working industries, most of the raw materials find a way to Kolkata, Kanpur and Chennai.
Bihar Industrial Area Development Authority (BIADA)
It was constituted under the B I A D Act 1974 to promote industrialization in Bihar.
It has 4 regional offices in Patna, Darbhanga, Muzaffarpur and Bhagalpur.
Bharat Wagon and Engineering Company Limited
It is a PSU located in Mokama
It manufactures rail wagons.
Barauni Refinery
It is located in Begusarai.
It was established in 1964 with the help of the USSR.
It is owned by Indian Oil Corporation.
It receives oil from the Numaligarh oilfield in Assam.
Major Industrial locations in Bihar
Mokama - Leather, Rail Wagons
Digha - Leather, Beer
Bihta - Sugar
Patna - Cracker, Cotton Textile
Bhagalpur - Tussar Silk
Munger - Gun, Cigarette
Gaya - Sugar, Lac, Cotton Textile, Leather
Dumraon - Cotton Textile, Laltern
Bihar Sharif - Tobacco
Darbhanga - Paper
Samastipur - Paper mill, Sugar
Katihar - Jute, Matchstick
Dalmianagar - Cement
Hajipur - Plywood
Bihar State Exam Vegetation in Bihar Study Notes: Bihar is located near the banks of the waterway Ganges. The stream Ganges moves through the state and goes through areas of Buxar, Bhojpur, Chapra, Patna, Vaishali, Begusarai and Bhagalpur. In the north, the Bihar state has regular outskirts with Nepal. The sub-Himalayan foothill of Someshwar and Dun ranges in Champaran constitute a belt of moist deciduous forests. In the east, it is bound by West Bengal and in the west by Uttar Pradesh. In the south, it fringes Jharkhand state, which was made after the bifurcation of Bihar.
In Bihar, natural vegetation follows its district topography. Three types of natural vegetation are prevalent. However, the percentage cover is much lesser than required under the National Forest Policy. The government of Bihar is carrying various measures to protect and develop forest areas, including rehabilitation and conservation measures. In this article, we are sharing you with Bihar State Exam Geography Notes: Vegetation in Bihar. It is crucial for the BPSC Prelims as well as other state Exams.
Vegetation in Bihar
Natural vegetation is the primaeval plant cover unaffected by man either directly or indirectly. Ecologically, a forest is a plant community, predominantly of trees and other woody vegetation, usually with a closed canopy.
RECORDED FOREST AREA:
Most of the forest and wildlife resources are owned by the Government of India and is managed through several departments like the Forest Department. According to the India State of Forest Report, 2019, the total Recorded Forest Area is 6,877.41 sq km, which is 7.30% of the total geographical area of the state.
PROTECTED FOREST:
Those forests where the right to grazing and cultivation are allowed subject to a few minor constraints are known as the protected forests. The protected forest area of Bihar is 6,183 sq km, i.e., 89.91% of the recorded forest area.
RESERVED FOREST:
Those forests which are permanently earmarked either to the production of timber or other forest produce in which the right of grazing and cultivation is seldom allowed are known as reserved forests. The Reserved Forest Area of Bihar is 693 sq km, i.e., 10.08% of the recorded forest area.
UNCLASSED FOREST:
Those forests which largely consist of inaccessible forests or unoccupied wastes are known as Unclassed forests. The unclassed forest of Bihar is 1 sq km, i.e., 0.01% of the recorded forest area.
FOREST COVER:
According to the India State of Forest Report, 2019, the forest cover of Bihar is 7,306 sq km, of which
Very Dense Forest: 333 sq km,
Moderately Dense Forest: 3,280 sq km, and
Open Forest: 3,693 sq km.
The forest cover of Bihar has decreased by 3% compared to the 2011 report. Bihar’s forest cover as a per cent of the geographical area stood at 7.8 per cent, which is lesser than that of the national average of 21.7 per cent.
TREE COVER:
Tree cover is defined as small tree patches and isolated trees outside the Recovered Forest Area, which are less than one hectare in extent.
The tree cover of the state has been estimated using—tree Outside Forest (TOF) inventory data collected over a period of six years. The estimated tree cover in the state is 2,003 sq km.
Forest and Tree Cover
Category
Area (in sq km)
Tree Cover
2,003 (2.1)
Forest Cover
7,306 (7.8)
Total
9,309 (9.9)
CLASSIFICATION OF FORESTS
Depending on rainfall availability, forests are divided into three types:
MOIST DECIDUOUS FOREST
These forests are found in Kishanganj districts North-East area, the Himalayas Terai belt, and the Someshwar hills. Here, rainfall is more than 120 cm. Therefore, dense forests are found. Sal is the most abundant tree. They shed their leaves in the summer season. Semai, Champa, Ashok, Ken, Mango, and Jamun, Karanj arc other varieties found.
In Bihar, natural vegetation follows its district topography. Three types of natural vegetation are prevalent. However, the percentage cover is much lesser than required under the National Forest Policy. The government of Bihar is carrying various measures to protect and develop forest areas, including rehabilitation and conservation measures. In this article, we are sharing you with Bihar State Exam Geography Notes: Vegetation in Bihar. It is crucial for the BPSC Prelims as well as other state Exams.
Vegetation in Bihar
Natural vegetation is the primaeval plant cover unaffected by man either directly or indirectly. Ecologically, a forest is a plant community, predominantly of trees and other woody vegetation, usually with a closed canopy.
RECORDED FOREST AREA:
Most of the forest and wildlife resources are owned by the Government of India and is managed through several departments like the Forest Department. According to the India State of Forest Report, 2019, the total Recorded Forest Area is 6,877.41 sq km, which is 7.30% of the total geographical area of the state.
PROTECTED FOREST:
Those forests where the right to grazing and cultivation are allowed subject to a few minor constraints are known as the protected forests. The protected forest area of Bihar is 6,183 sq km, i.e., 89.91% of the recorded forest area.
RESERVED FOREST:
Those forests which are permanently earmarked either to the production of timber or other forest produce in which the right of grazing and cultivation is seldom allowed are known as reserved forests. The Reserved Forest Area of Bihar is 693 sq km, i.e., 10.08% of the recorded forest area.
UNCLASSED FOREST:
Those forests which largely consist of inaccessible forests or unoccupied wastes are known as Unclassed forests. The unclassed forest of Bihar is 1 sq km, i.e., 0.01% of the recorded forest area.
FOREST COVER:
According to the India State of Forest Report, 2019, the forest cover of Bihar is 7,306 sq km, of which
Very Dense Forest: 333 sq km,
Moderately Dense Forest: 3,280 sq km, and
Open Forest: 3,693 sq km.
The forest cover of Bihar has decreased by 3% compared to the 2011 report. Bihar’s forest cover as a per cent of the geographical area stood at 7.8 per cent, which is lesser than that of the national average of 21.7 per cent.
TREE COVER:
Tree cover is defined as small tree patches and isolated trees outside the Recovered Forest Area, which are less than one hectare in extent.
The tree cover of the state has been estimated using—tree Outside Forest (TOF) inventory data collected over a period of six years. The estimated tree cover in the state is 2,003 sq km.
Forest and Tree Cover
Category
Area (in sq km)
Tree Cover
2,003 (2.1)
Forest Cover
7,306 (7.8)
Total
9,309 (9.9)
CLASSIFICATION OF FORESTS
Depending on rainfall availability, forests are divided into three types:
MOIST DECIDUOUS FOREST
These forests are found in Kishanganj districts North-East area, the Himalayas Terai belt, and the Someshwar hills. Here, rainfall is more than 120 cm. Therefore, dense forests are found. Sal is the most abundant tree. They shed their leaves in the summer season. Semai, Champa, Ashok, Ken, Mango, and Jamun, Karanj arc other varieties found.
Sal mixed moist deciduous forests (Northern moist Sal bearing forest) are distributed mainly in West Champaran and partly in the valleys of Kaimur, Rohtas, Aurangabad, Gaya, Nalanda, Nawada, Jamui, Banka and Munger.
DRY DECIDUOUS FORESTS
These are the most abundant forest in Bihar. Dry deciduous forests are found in both the plains and the peninsular region in the Southern districts.
They are found in regions with less than 120 cm of rainfall. Not very dense, they are small in height.
Amaltas, Shisam, Mahua, Khair, Palas, Amia, Harr, and Bahera are the main varieties. Sal mixed dry deciduous forests (Northern dry mixed deciduous forests) occupy a major proportion under natural vegetation cover and are predominantly found in Kaimur, Rohtas, Aurangabad, Gaya, Nalanda, Nawada, Jamui, Banka and Munger districts.
They are found in the Northern part of the Chhotanagpur plateau and the Kaimur hills. Besides this, they are also found in Purnia, Arana, and Raxaul in North-East Bihar.
TERM FORESTS
They are found in adjacent areas of the Nepal border. In hilly areas with more than 160 cm of rainfall, moist deciduous forests are found. Dry Shiwalik Sal forests are mainly distributed in the Shiwalik range in the West Champaran district.
Canebreaks (tropical seasonal swamp forests) are predominantly found in the West Champaran district. Sal, Sheesham, Khair, Toon, and Semai are important varieties found here.
BIHAR FOREST POLICY
Its objective is to increase the forest cover up to 33% of the total geographical area to meet the National Forest Policy target. The State Government has adopted a two-pronged approach which is as follows:
FORESTRY DEVELOPMENT
The purpose of forestry development is to increase forest cover from 6,16,446 hectares to 31,03,011 hectares. It aims to increase forest cover on non-cultivable land. Around 1000 sq km of land has been selected for this purpose.
Fallow land, school, and college, private institutions have been selected under the afforestation programme.
REHABILITATION AND CONSERVATION
In order to arrest the decline in bio-diversity, rehabilitation and conservation have been given due importance in State Forest Policy.
Important ways have been adopted, such as:
REGENERATION OF DEGRADED FOREST AREA: In areas where forest density has declined below 40%, non-governmental organizations, citizens, international institutes have been involved in forest regeneration. Forest protection and management committees have been created on the village level. For keeping public involvement intact, the proceeds from this forest are distributed.
SOCIAL FORESTRY: In degraded areas, reforestation by private and community participation is promoted.
DRY DECIDUOUS FORESTS
These are the most abundant forest in Bihar. Dry deciduous forests are found in both the plains and the peninsular region in the Southern districts.
They are found in regions with less than 120 cm of rainfall. Not very dense, they are small in height.
Amaltas, Shisam, Mahua, Khair, Palas, Amia, Harr, and Bahera are the main varieties. Sal mixed dry deciduous forests (Northern dry mixed deciduous forests) occupy a major proportion under natural vegetation cover and are predominantly found in Kaimur, Rohtas, Aurangabad, Gaya, Nalanda, Nawada, Jamui, Banka and Munger districts.
They are found in the Northern part of the Chhotanagpur plateau and the Kaimur hills. Besides this, they are also found in Purnia, Arana, and Raxaul in North-East Bihar.
TERM FORESTS
They are found in adjacent areas of the Nepal border. In hilly areas with more than 160 cm of rainfall, moist deciduous forests are found. Dry Shiwalik Sal forests are mainly distributed in the Shiwalik range in the West Champaran district.
Canebreaks (tropical seasonal swamp forests) are predominantly found in the West Champaran district. Sal, Sheesham, Khair, Toon, and Semai are important varieties found here.
BIHAR FOREST POLICY
Its objective is to increase the forest cover up to 33% of the total geographical area to meet the National Forest Policy target. The State Government has adopted a two-pronged approach which is as follows:
FORESTRY DEVELOPMENT
The purpose of forestry development is to increase forest cover from 6,16,446 hectares to 31,03,011 hectares. It aims to increase forest cover on non-cultivable land. Around 1000 sq km of land has been selected for this purpose.
Fallow land, school, and college, private institutions have been selected under the afforestation programme.
REHABILITATION AND CONSERVATION
In order to arrest the decline in bio-diversity, rehabilitation and conservation have been given due importance in State Forest Policy.
Important ways have been adopted, such as:
REGENERATION OF DEGRADED FOREST AREA: In areas where forest density has declined below 40%, non-governmental organizations, citizens, international institutes have been involved in forest regeneration. Forest protection and management committees have been created on the village level. For keeping public involvement intact, the proceeds from this forest are distributed.
SOCIAL FORESTRY: In degraded areas, reforestation by private and community participation is promoted.
Bihar Basic Information- General, Demography and Administration in Bihar: Bihar is a state in eastern India. It is the third-largest state by population and the thirteenth-largest by territory, with an area of 94,163 km2 (36,357 sq mi). It is contiguous with Uttar Pradesh to its west, Nepal to the north, the northern part of West Bengal to the east, and Jharkhand to the south. The Bihar plain is split by the river Ganges, which flows from west to east. Three main cultural regions converge in the state: Magadh, Mithila, and Bhojpur. Bihar is also the world's fourth-most populous sub-national entity.
Here, we are giving the complete study material of ‘Basic Information of Bihar’ that will ease the journey of aspirants to crack the competitive examinations like BPSC and other state-level examinations.
General Information of Bihar State
Information
Data
Date of Formation
22nd March 1912
Capital of the state
Patna
Latitude of the State
24°20' N to 27°3' N
Longitude of the State
83°19' E to 88°17' E
Total Geographical Area of the State
94,163 sq km
High Court of the State
Patna
Language of the State
Hindi and Urdu
Length (North to South)
345 km
Length (East to West)
483 km
Height above Sea Level (Average)
173 ft
Annual Rainfall
1158 mm
Administration in Bihar State
Information
Data
Districts
38
Division
9
Sub-division
101
Blocks
534
Panchayats
8406
Zila Parishad
38
Lok Sabha Seats
40
Rajya Sabha Seats
16
Demography in Bihar State
Information
Data
Population
10,40,99,452
* Male
5,42,78,157
* Female
4,98,21,295
Sex Ratio
918
Sex Ratio (0-6 years)
935
SC Population
1,65,67,325
* Male
86,06,253
* Female
79,61,072
SC Population (%)
15.9
ST Population
13,36,573
* Male
6,82,516
* Female
6,54,057
ST Population (%)
1.3
Total Literacy Population
5,25,04,553
* Male
3,16,08,023
* Female
2,08,96,530
Literacy rate (%)
61.8
Male Literacy Rate (%)
71.2
Female Literacy Rate (%)
51.5
Here, we are giving the complete study material of ‘Basic Information of Bihar’ that will ease the journey of aspirants to crack the competitive examinations like BPSC and other state-level examinations.
General Information of Bihar State
Information
Data
Date of Formation
22nd March 1912
Capital of the state
Patna
Latitude of the State
24°20' N to 27°3' N
Longitude of the State
83°19' E to 88°17' E
Total Geographical Area of the State
94,163 sq km
High Court of the State
Patna
Language of the State
Hindi and Urdu
Length (North to South)
345 km
Length (East to West)
483 km
Height above Sea Level (Average)
173 ft
Annual Rainfall
1158 mm
Administration in Bihar State
Information
Data
Districts
38
Division
9
Sub-division
101
Blocks
534
Panchayats
8406
Zila Parishad
38
Lok Sabha Seats
40
Rajya Sabha Seats
16
Demography in Bihar State
Information
Data
Population
10,40,99,452
* Male
5,42,78,157
* Female
4,98,21,295
Sex Ratio
918
Sex Ratio (0-6 years)
935
SC Population
1,65,67,325
* Male
86,06,253
* Female
79,61,072
SC Population (%)
15.9
ST Population
13,36,573
* Male
6,82,516
* Female
6,54,057
ST Population (%)
1.3
Total Literacy Population
5,25,04,553
* Male
3,16,08,023
* Female
2,08,96,530
Literacy rate (%)
61.8
Male Literacy Rate (%)
71.2
Female Literacy Rate (%)
51.5
BPSC Exam Industries in Bihar Study Notes: Bihar state has a large base of cost-effective industrial labour, making it an ideal destination for a wide range of industries. The state enjoys a unique location-specific advantage because of its proximity to the vast markets of eastern and northern India, access to ports such as Kolkata and Haldia and to raw material sources and mineral reserves from the neighbouring states.
This article will provide a complete list of Important industries with their location and also a list of Industrial towns. These topics are very important for the upcoming BPSC exam point of view and getting complete information is not easy in the books.
The Gross State Domestic Product (GSDP) of Bihar grew at a CAGR of 11.08 per cent between 2011-12 and 2019-20. Bihar's per capita GSDP increased from US$ 490.62 in 2011-12 to US$ 655.42 in 2017-18 at a CAGR of 10.25 per cent. Key Industries in Bihar areas Food and beverages, rubber and plastics, transport equipment, chemicals, tobacco, textile, leather and dairy.
Here, we are giving the complete study material of ‘Industries in Bihar’ that will ease the journey of aspirants to crack the competitive examinations like BPSC and other state-level examinations.
List of Industries in Bihar State
Important Industries of Bihar and their Location
Industry
Location
Sugar
Motihari, Bihta, Gaya Narkatiyaganj, Gopalganj, Hatwa, Motipur, Saran, Bhojpur, Siwan, Darbhanga, Muzaffarpur, Dalmianagar, Meerganj
Cotton textile
Gaya, Phulwari Sharif, Dumraon, Mokama, patna, Barauni, Dalminangar
Cement
Banjari Dalmianagar
Paper
Samastipur, Darbhanga, Patna, Barauni, Dalminanagar
Plywood
Hajipur
Jute
Katihar, Samastipur, Champaran, Darbhanga, Saharsa, Purnia
Match Industry
Katihar
Blanket Industry
Gaya, Purnia, Aurangabad, Motihari
Handicraft
Madhubani, Bhagalpur, Bihar Sharif, Gaya, Patna, Munger
Utensils
Siwan, Bihta
Industrial Towns of Bihar
Town
Industries
Town
Industries
Mokama
Shoe Factory, the wagon of a goods train
Hathwa
Vanaspati
Digha
Leather and beer industry
Kanti
Thermal power
Bihta
Sugar industry
Narayanpur
Medicine
Patna
Cracker, vermillion
Riga
Sugar
Bhagalpur
Tusar silk, handicraft
Bagaha
Paper
Munger
Gun, cigarette
Mehsi
Button
Bihar Sharif
Tobacco
Darbhanga
Paper
Dumraon
Cotton textile, laltern
Lohat
Sugar
Gaya
Sugar, lac, cotton textile, leather
Samastipur
Paper Mill, Sugar
Obra
Carpet, Woollen cloth
Katihar
Jute
Tandwa
Blanket
Jamalpur
Rail engine repair
This article will provide a complete list of Important industries with their location and also a list of Industrial towns. These topics are very important for the upcoming BPSC exam point of view and getting complete information is not easy in the books.
The Gross State Domestic Product (GSDP) of Bihar grew at a CAGR of 11.08 per cent between 2011-12 and 2019-20. Bihar's per capita GSDP increased from US$ 490.62 in 2011-12 to US$ 655.42 in 2017-18 at a CAGR of 10.25 per cent. Key Industries in Bihar areas Food and beverages, rubber and plastics, transport equipment, chemicals, tobacco, textile, leather and dairy.
Here, we are giving the complete study material of ‘Industries in Bihar’ that will ease the journey of aspirants to crack the competitive examinations like BPSC and other state-level examinations.
List of Industries in Bihar State
Important Industries of Bihar and their Location
Industry
Location
Sugar
Motihari, Bihta, Gaya Narkatiyaganj, Gopalganj, Hatwa, Motipur, Saran, Bhojpur, Siwan, Darbhanga, Muzaffarpur, Dalmianagar, Meerganj
Cotton textile
Gaya, Phulwari Sharif, Dumraon, Mokama, patna, Barauni, Dalminangar
Cement
Banjari Dalmianagar
Paper
Samastipur, Darbhanga, Patna, Barauni, Dalminanagar
Plywood
Hajipur
Jute
Katihar, Samastipur, Champaran, Darbhanga, Saharsa, Purnia
Match Industry
Katihar
Blanket Industry
Gaya, Purnia, Aurangabad, Motihari
Handicraft
Madhubani, Bhagalpur, Bihar Sharif, Gaya, Patna, Munger
Utensils
Siwan, Bihta
Industrial Towns of Bihar
Town
Industries
Town
Industries
Mokama
Shoe Factory, the wagon of a goods train
Hathwa
Vanaspati
Digha
Leather and beer industry
Kanti
Thermal power
Bihta
Sugar industry
Narayanpur
Medicine
Patna
Cracker, vermillion
Riga
Sugar
Bhagalpur
Tusar silk, handicraft
Bagaha
Paper
Munger
Gun, cigarette
Mehsi
Button
Bihar Sharif
Tobacco
Darbhanga
Paper
Dumraon
Cotton textile, laltern
Lohat
Sugar
Gaya
Sugar, lac, cotton textile, leather
Samastipur
Paper Mill, Sugar
Obra
Carpet, Woollen cloth
Katihar
Jute
Tandwa
Blanket
Jamalpur
Rail engine repair
Know the First in Bihar - Check here First Personalities, Events, Structure, State Symbols of Bihar: In this article, we are providing the facts relating first person, first event and structure of Bihar. Every Year BPSC asks questions relating to this so, in order to help the aspirants, we have created a list of Firsts in Bihar such that it will be one point source of reading for the aspirants. This is crucial for all upcoming BPSC and BPSSC preliminary examinations.
Here, we are giving the complete study material of ‘First in Bihar: Personalities, Events, Structure and State Symbols’ that will ease the journey of aspirants to crack the competitive examinations like BPSC and other state-level examinations.
First in Bihar: Personalities, Events, Structure and State Symbols
Personalities
Name
First Governor during British India
James David Sifton
First Governor
Jairamdas Daulatram
First Muslim Governor
Zakir Hussain
First Chief Minister
Dr Krishna Singh
First Female Chief Minister
Rabri Devi
First Harijan Chief Minister
Bhola Paswan Shastri
First Muslim Chief Minister
Abdul Ghafur
First Education Minister
Sir Ganesh Dutt
First Speaker of Legislative Assembly
Ramdayalu Singh
First Open University
Nalanda Open University
First Poet
Vidhyapathi
First Non-Congress Chief Minister
Mahamaya Prasad Sinha
First Democratic election of Bihar
held in March 1937.
Mohammad Yunus formed the Govt and became first Premier (April- July 1937) of Bihar province.
First Chief Justice of Patna High Court before Independence
Sir Justice Edward Maynard Des Champs Chamier
First Indian Chief Justice of Patna High Court after independence
Pandit Lakshmi Kant Jha
First Female Chief Justice of Patna High Court after Independence
Justice Rekha Doshit
First Gyanpeeth Award Winner
Ramdhari Singh Dinkar
First Hindi Newspaper
Sarvhitaishi
First English Newspaper
Searchlight
First Bhojpuri Film
Hey Ganga Maiya Tohe Piyari Chadhayibo (1963)
First Maithili Film
Kanyadaan (1965)
First Hindi Film
Kal Hamara Hai
First Magadhi film
Bhaiyaa, (1961)
First Doordarshan Centre
Muzzafarpur
First International Cricket Stadium in Bihar
Moin-ul-Haq Stadium (Previously Known as Rajendra Nagar Stadium)
First Tiger Reserve
Valmiki National Park, a tiger reserve and Wildlife Sanctuary (Located in Champaran District)
The First Republic of the World
Vaishali (Bihar)
First ancient University of Bihar
Nalanda University
The First University of Bihar during British Raj
Patna University
First European to enter Bihar
Portuguese
Bihar State First Symbols
State Tree: Peepal
Peepal is the state tree of Bihar. The scientific name of the Peepal tree is Ficus religiosa or sacred. It is found in the sub-continent of India. The peepal tree is considered sacred by the followers of Hinduism, Jainism and Buddhism. Gautam Buddha attained enlightenment (bodhi) while meditating underneath a Ficus religiosa. The site is in present-day Bodh Gaya in Bihar, India.
State Flower: Marigold
Marigold is the state flower of Bihar. The scientific name of Marigold is Tagetes erecta, Blooms naturally occur in golden, orange, yellow. Marigold is an extensively used flower in the state.
State Bird: Home Sparrow
Home Sparrow is the state bird of Bihar. The scientific name of House Sparrow is Passer domestics. Generally, sparrows are small, plump, brown-grey birds with short tails. Many species nest on buildings, trees and the house. Sparrows are among the most familiar of all wild birds. They are primarily seed-eaters, though they also consume small insects.
State Animal: OX
The State Animal of Bihar is Ox also known as a bullock. Mainly, used for ploughing, for transport (pulling carts, hauling wagons and even riding), for threshing grain carts, hauling wagons and even riding), for threshing grain by trampling and for powering machines that grind grain or supply irrigation among other purposes.
State Fish: Mangur
Here, we are giving the complete study material of ‘First in Bihar: Personalities, Events, Structure and State Symbols’ that will ease the journey of aspirants to crack the competitive examinations like BPSC and other state-level examinations.
First in Bihar: Personalities, Events, Structure and State Symbols
Personalities
Name
First Governor during British India
James David Sifton
First Governor
Jairamdas Daulatram
First Muslim Governor
Zakir Hussain
First Chief Minister
Dr Krishna Singh
First Female Chief Minister
Rabri Devi
First Harijan Chief Minister
Bhola Paswan Shastri
First Muslim Chief Minister
Abdul Ghafur
First Education Minister
Sir Ganesh Dutt
First Speaker of Legislative Assembly
Ramdayalu Singh
First Open University
Nalanda Open University
First Poet
Vidhyapathi
First Non-Congress Chief Minister
Mahamaya Prasad Sinha
First Democratic election of Bihar
held in March 1937.
Mohammad Yunus formed the Govt and became first Premier (April- July 1937) of Bihar province.
First Chief Justice of Patna High Court before Independence
Sir Justice Edward Maynard Des Champs Chamier
First Indian Chief Justice of Patna High Court after independence
Pandit Lakshmi Kant Jha
First Female Chief Justice of Patna High Court after Independence
Justice Rekha Doshit
First Gyanpeeth Award Winner
Ramdhari Singh Dinkar
First Hindi Newspaper
Sarvhitaishi
First English Newspaper
Searchlight
First Bhojpuri Film
Hey Ganga Maiya Tohe Piyari Chadhayibo (1963)
First Maithili Film
Kanyadaan (1965)
First Hindi Film
Kal Hamara Hai
First Magadhi film
Bhaiyaa, (1961)
First Doordarshan Centre
Muzzafarpur
First International Cricket Stadium in Bihar
Moin-ul-Haq Stadium (Previously Known as Rajendra Nagar Stadium)
First Tiger Reserve
Valmiki National Park, a tiger reserve and Wildlife Sanctuary (Located in Champaran District)
The First Republic of the World
Vaishali (Bihar)
First ancient University of Bihar
Nalanda University
The First University of Bihar during British Raj
Patna University
First European to enter Bihar
Portuguese
Bihar State First Symbols
State Tree: Peepal
Peepal is the state tree of Bihar. The scientific name of the Peepal tree is Ficus religiosa or sacred. It is found in the sub-continent of India. The peepal tree is considered sacred by the followers of Hinduism, Jainism and Buddhism. Gautam Buddha attained enlightenment (bodhi) while meditating underneath a Ficus religiosa. The site is in present-day Bodh Gaya in Bihar, India.
State Flower: Marigold
Marigold is the state flower of Bihar. The scientific name of Marigold is Tagetes erecta, Blooms naturally occur in golden, orange, yellow. Marigold is an extensively used flower in the state.
State Bird: Home Sparrow
Home Sparrow is the state bird of Bihar. The scientific name of House Sparrow is Passer domestics. Generally, sparrows are small, plump, brown-grey birds with short tails. Many species nest on buildings, trees and the house. Sparrows are among the most familiar of all wild birds. They are primarily seed-eaters, though they also consume small insects.
State Animal: OX
The State Animal of Bihar is Ox also known as a bullock. Mainly, used for ploughing, for transport (pulling carts, hauling wagons and even riding), for threshing grain carts, hauling wagons and even riding), for threshing grain by trampling and for powering machines that grind grain or supply irrigation among other purposes.
State Fish: Mangur
Bihar State Exam Tribal Revolts in Bihar Study Notes: The Tribal Revolts of Bihar was started as early as the initial decades of the 19th Century. The nature of such revolts was mostly localised as well as unorganised. Revolts were mainly against the exploitation by Britishers in lieu of the tribal's land ownership and also the transfer of land to outsiders. This Post aims to provides you with the complete list of major Tribal Revolts along with the crucial facts relating to that Revolt.
Here, we are giving the complete study material of ‘Important Tribal Revolts in Bihar’ that will ease the journey of aspirants to crack the competitive examinations like BPSC and other state-level examinations.
Important Tribal Revolts in Bihar
Name of the Revolt
People Associated
Year
Nature and Objective
Ho and Munda
Raja Parhat
1820, 1827, 1899, 1900, 1860-1920
Against Britishers new land revenue policy
Kol
Budhu Bhagat
1831-32
Against transfer of land to outsiders
Bhumij
Ganga Narayan
1832-33
Against land revenue policy of Britishers
Santhal
Sidhu-Kanhu
1855-56
Against moneylenders, contractors etc.
Sapha Hor Revolt
Baba Bhagirath Manjhi, Lal Hembram & Paica Murmu
1870
Against restriction on religious sentiment
Munda
Birsa Munda
1899-1900
Against alienation of tribal land
Tana Bhagat
Jatra Bhagat
1914
Against landlord and contractors
Here, we are giving the complete study material of ‘Important Tribal Revolts in Bihar’ that will ease the journey of aspirants to crack the competitive examinations like BPSC and other state-level examinations.
Important Tribal Revolts in Bihar
Name of the Revolt
People Associated
Year
Nature and Objective
Ho and Munda
Raja Parhat
1820, 1827, 1899, 1900, 1860-1920
Against Britishers new land revenue policy
Kol
Budhu Bhagat
1831-32
Against transfer of land to outsiders
Bhumij
Ganga Narayan
1832-33
Against land revenue policy of Britishers
Santhal
Sidhu-Kanhu
1855-56
Against moneylenders, contractors etc.
Sapha Hor Revolt
Baba Bhagirath Manjhi, Lal Hembram & Paica Murmu
1870
Against restriction on religious sentiment
Munda
Birsa Munda
1899-1900
Against alienation of tribal land
Tana Bhagat
Jatra Bhagat
1914
Against landlord and contractors
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