Chess is widely believed to have originated in India from the game chaturanga around the 6th century AD. It spread to Persia, where it became known as shatranj, and later reached the Islamic world before arriving in Europe. Between about 1475 and 1500, major rule changes transformed chess into the modern game. The queen became the most powerful piece, and bishops gained their modern movement. The first recorded chess tournament was held in Spain in 1575. The first official World Chess Championship followed in 1886. In 1997, IBM's Deep Blue defeated Garry Kasparov in a match, marking a major milestone in computer chess.
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