During World War II, engineers studied planes that returned from missions. They first thought the areas with the most bullet holes needed armor. Statistician Abraham Wald realized this was survivorship bias. Survivorship bias happens when you focus only on survivors and ignore failures.The undamaged areas on returning planes were actually the critical spots. Planes hit there did not survive. He recommended reinforcing those undamaged areas.
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#SurvivorshipBias #WWII #AbrahamWald #Planes #Statistics #History

Paltering is a form of deception where someone uses technically true statements to create a misleading impression.

Advertising can use this technique through carefully selected statistics. A product might claim “9 out of 10 users recommend us” while leaving out that the survey involved only a small or highly selected group.

Another might advertise “50% more product” without mentioning that the original package was made smaller. The numbers may be true, while the overall message remains misleading.
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#Marketing #Advertising #Psychology #Statistics #WorldFacts