How to create "passato prossimo"?

Simply use a conjugated auxiliary verb "to be" or "to have" plus "part participle".

Examples:

✳️ Ho parlato
✳️ Hanno ricevuto
✳️ È caduto

When do we use "to be" and when "to have"? Let's see tomorrow...

Usually, the verb "to have" is used with verbs which indicate an action executed by the subject and "to be" is usually used in sentences where the subject is subjected to the action or with verbs of movement. Let's see a few examples to understand it better:

➡️ action executed by the subject:
✳️ Ho parlato - I have spoken
✳️ Ho sentito - I have heard

➡️ subject is subjected to the action:
✳️ Sono nato - I was born
✳️ Sono cresciuto - I grew up

➡️ verbs of movement:
✳️ Sono andato - I went
✳️ È caduto - He fell

Hi 😊

Since we made a long pause let's start again wherever you wish... Vote in our poll what you want to start with:

If you are interested in something else write a comment to the poll, thank you.

Ok, your first choice is PREPOSITIONS

Let's start with one of the easiest: IN
The use is similar to English, it means AT, IN but sometimes also TO

Examples for today:

✳️ I live in a rural area.
🇮🇹 Vivo in zona di campagna.

✳️ I live in a three-storey house.
🇮🇹 Vivo in una casa a tre piani.

Let's examine the sentences:
✳️ I
🇮🇹 Io
✳️ To live
🇮🇹 Vivere (conjugation: I live - io vivo, you live - tu vivi, he/she lives - lui/lei vive, we live - noi viviamo, you live - voi vivete, they live - loro vivono)
✳️ Rural area, countryside
🇮🇹 Campagna (feminine - la, plural campagne)
✳️ Area
🇮🇹 Zona (feminine - la, plural zone)
✳️ House
🇮🇹 Casa (feminine - la, plural case)
✳️ Three
🇮🇹 Tre
✳️ Storey, floor
🇮🇹 Piano (masculine - il, plural piani)

There is a problem though, in most cases the preposition IN is merged with definite articles. Let's see the combinations:

In + il ➡️ nel
In + lo ➡️ nello
In + l' ➡️ nell'
In + la ➡️ nella
In + i ➡️ nei
In + gli ➡️ negli
In + le ➡️ nelle

There is only one definite article in English: THE.
Unfortunately there are more definite articles in Italian. Let's see the table:

Examples:

✳️ The father
🇮🇹 Il padre

✳️ The eye
🇮🇹 L'occhio

✳️ The sugar
🇮🇹 Lo zucchero

✳️ The mother
🇮🇹 La madre

✳️ The water
🇮🇹 L'acqua

✳️ The cars
🇮🇹 Le macchine

✳️ The shops
🇮🇹 I negozi

And so on....

Exercise:

Translate and tap to uncover the correct answer:

In the water
Nell'acqua

In the house
Nella casa

In the room
Nella stanza

In the offices
Negli uffici

To sum up, these days we have learned the proposition IN. And we learned that if it's in a sentence before a definite article, it changes into NE+definite article (see the table ⬆️ from 26/5/2024)...

Proposition A: basically it means AT or TO, very similar to IN. Let's see some examples:

✳️ At home
🇮🇹 A casa

✳️ At school
🇮🇹 A scuola

✳️ At work
🇮🇹 A lavoro

But it means also TO:

✳️ I want to go home.
🇮🇹 Voglio andare a casa.

✳️ I want to go to school.
🇮🇹 Voglio andare a scuola.

✳️ I want to go to work.
🇮🇹 Voglio andare a lavoro.