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ู‡ู†ุง ู†ุถุน ุจูŠู† ูŠุฏูŠูƒ ู‚ู†ุงุฉ ู‚ูŠู…ุฉ ูŠู…ูƒู†ูƒ ุงู„ุญุตูˆู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุชู…ูŠุฒ ูˆุงู„ู…ุนุฑูู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ู„ุบุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ูˆุงูƒุชุณุงุจ ูƒู„ ู…ุง ุชุจุญุซ ุนู†ู‡ ู…ู† ุฃุฌู„ ุฃู† ุชูƒูˆู† ู…ุชุญุฏุซ ุจุทู„ุงู‚ุฉ ุŒ
ุขู…ู„ ุฃู† ุชุณุชู…ุชุนูˆ ุฌู…ูŠุนู‹ุง ุจุชุนู„ู… ุงู„ู„ุบุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ูˆุฃู† ุชูƒูˆู†ูˆ ุนู„ู‰ ุงุชุตุงู„ ู…ุน ุฌู…ูŠุน
ุฃู†ุญุงุก ุงู„ุนุงู„ู….

@Emitter_of_hope5
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Between and Among.

(a) Between.
โŒ Don't say: There was a fight among two boys.
โœ… Say: There was a fight between two boys.

(b) Among.
โŒ Don't say: Divide the apple between you three.
โœ… Say: Divide the apple among you three.

โ–ช๏ธ Use between for two only. Use among for more than two.

#grammar
Cure of, not from.

โŒ Don't say: The man was cured from his illness.

โœ… Say: The man was cured of his illness.

#grammar
๐ŸŒป๐ŸŒธ๐ŸŒป๐ŸŒธ๐ŸŒป๐ŸŒธ๐ŸŒป๐ŸŒธ๐ŸŒป๐ŸŒธ

๐Ÿ“–#Grammar_Lesson๐Ÿ“–

When should I use โ€œWishโ€ in a sentence?๐Ÿค”

โ€œI wish toโ€ can mean the same as โ€œI want toโ€ but it is much, much more formal and less common.

#Tip: Use 'wish' with a noun to offer good wishes.

๐Ÿ”ธ I wish you a merry Christmas.

โš ๏ธ Hence that when you want to offer good wishes using a verb, you must use 'hope' and not 'wish'.

Example
โœ… I wish you the best of luck.
โ–ซ๏ธ(wish + noun)

โœ… I hope you have the best of luck.
โ–ซ๏ธ(wish + verb)

โ€ขโ€ขโ€”โ€”โ€”โ€ขโ—๐Ÿ”ดโšช๏ธ๐Ÿ”ตโ—โ€ขโ€”โ€”โ€”โ€ขโ€ข
However, the main use of 'wish' is to say that we would like things to be different from what they are.

โ‡๏ธ I wish I were with you then.
โ‡๏ธ He wishes he could fly.


Notice that the verb tense which follows 'I wish' is 'more in the past' than the tense corresponding to its meaning.

Examples
โ‡๏ธ I never get invited to parties. I wish I got invited more.
โ‡๏ธ I'm too emotional. I wish I were more logical.

#Tip: In the case of 'will', where 'will' means 'show willingness' we use 'would'.

Examples
โ‡๏ธ He won't help me. I wish he would help me.
โ‡๏ธ You've eaten too much.I wish you would stop.

=========================
Grammar
๐ŸŒLearn-English-Tipss๐ŸŒ
๐Ÿ’ŽThere is/are vs. has got๐Ÿ’Ž

๐Ÿ“šThere's is/are and has got are closely related in meaning:

โถ) The classroom has got a blackboard.โœ“
โท) There is a blackboard in the classroom.โœ“

๐Ÿ“šWe use has got mainly for describing permanent features, e.g. walls, blackboard. We say:

โถ) There are flowers in the classroom.โœ“
But not:
โท) The classroom has got flowers.โœ—

#Grammar
#Grammar_rules
# Second_lesson "Types of verb"


#ุงู„ูุนู„ ูˆุงู†ูˆุงุนู‡ Verb
ููŠ ูƒู„ ู„ุบุงุช ุงู„ุนุงู„ู… , ุชู†ู‚ุณู… ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุงุช ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„ู‰ ุงุตู†ุงู ุนุฏู‡ ูˆูŠุฎุถุน ูƒู„ ู…ู†ู‡ุง ู„ู‚ูˆุงุนุฏ ุฎุงุตู‡ ูู€ู€ู€ู€ู€ู€ู€ู€ูŠ ุงู„ู†ุญูˆ ูˆุงู„ุตุฑู , ูˆู„ูˆุตู ุงูˆุฌู‡ ุงู„ุงุฎุชู„ุงู ุจูŠู†ู‡ุง , ุงุชููู‚ ุนู„ู‰ ุชู‚ุณูŠู…ู‡ุง ุงู„ู‰ ู…ุงูŠุณู…ู‰ ุจุฃุตู†ุงู ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ุงูˆ ุงู‚ุณุงู… ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… (The part of Speech) .
ูˆู‡ู†ุง ุนุฒูŠุฒูŠ ุงู„ุทุงู„ุจ , ุณู†ุฏุฑุณ ู‚ุณู… ู‡ุงู… ุฌุฏุงู‹ ู…ู† ุงู‚ุณุงู… ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… , ุงู„ุง ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ูุนู„ ูˆูŠุณุชุฎุฏู… ุงู„ูุนู„ ุนุงุฏุฉ ู„ู„ุงุฎุจุงุฑ ุนู…ุง ูŠูุนู„ู‡ ู ุดุฎุต ู…ุง , ูˆ ู…ุง ูŠู‚ุน ุญูˆู„ู†ุง ู…ู† ุงุญุฏุงุซ , ูˆู„ู„ูุนู„ ู…ูˆู‚ุนุงู‹ ู…ุญุฏุฏุงู‹ ููŠ ุงู„ุฌู…ู„ุฉ ูŠุชุญูƒู… ููŠู‡ ุงู„ุชุฑุชูŠุจ ุงู„ู†ุญูˆูŠ ู„ู„ูƒู„ู…ุงุช , ูˆู…ู† ู…ูู…ูŠุฒุงุช ุงู„ูุนู„ ุงู†ู‡ ูŠูุตุฑู ุจุทุฑูŠู‚ู‡ ู…ุนูŠู†ู‡ ูˆุจู„ูˆุงุญู‚ ุฎุงุตู‡ , ุญูŠุซ ูŠุชุฎุฐ ุงู„ูุนู„ ุงุดูƒุงู„ุงู‹ ู…ุฎุชู„ูู‡ ุชุชูˆู‚ู ุนู„ู‰ ุฒู…ู† ุงู„ูุนู„ , ูˆููŠ ุงู„ู„ุบุฉ ุงู„ุงู†ูƒู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ุชูˆุฌุฏ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุงุดูƒุงู„ ู„ู„ูุนู„ ู‡ูŠ
Present ุงู„ู…ุถุงุฑุน - ุงู„ู…ุตุฏุฑ
Past ุงู„ู…ุงุถูŠ
Past Participle ุงู„ุชุตุฑูŠู ุงู„ุซุงู„ุซ ู„ู„ูุนู„
๐Ÿ’  ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุงู„ูุนู„:
1.ุงู„ูุนู„ ุงู„ุฑุฆูŠุณูŠ ( Main Verb )
Regular Verbs ุงู„ุงูุนุงู„ ุงู„ู‚ูŠุงุณูŠู‡
Irregular Verbs ุงู„ุงูุนุงู„ ุบูŠุฑ ู‚ูŠุงุณูŠู‡ - ุงู„ุดุงุฐุฉ

2. ุงู„ุงูุนุงู„ ุงู„ู…ุณุงุนุฏู‡ ( Auxiliary )
ูˆู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุงูุนุงู„ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุถูŠู ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุงุช ุงูƒุซุฑ ู„ู„ุฃูุนุงู„ ุงู„ุฑุฆูŠุณูŠุฉ , ูˆุงู„ุงูุนุงู„ ุงู„ู…ุณุงุนุฏุฉ ุนุงุฏุฉ ุชูƒูˆู† ู…ุชุจูˆุนู‡ ุจุงู„ูุนู„ ุงู„ุฑุฆูŠุณูŠ , ุงูˆ ุชูƒูˆู† ู‡ูŠ ู†ูุณู‡ุง ุงูุนุงู„ุงู‹ ุฑุฆูŠุณูŠู‡ ุงุฐุง ุฌุงุกุช ุจุฏูˆู† ูุนู„ ุฑุฆูŠุณูŠ , ูˆุชู†ู‚ุณู… ุงู„ู‰ :
To be ูุนู„ ุงู„ูƒูŠู†ูˆู†ู‡
To have ูุนู„ ุงู„ุชู…ู„ูƒ
To do ูุนู„ ุงู„ุนู…ู„

3.ุงู„ุงูุนุงู„ ุงู„ุดูƒู„ูŠู‡ (Modal Verbs)
- ูˆู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุงูุนุงู„ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุนุงุฏุฉ ุชูƒูˆู† ู…ุชุจูˆุนู‡ ุจุงู„ูุนู„ ุงู„ุฑุฆูŠุณูŠ , ุญูŠุซ ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ูุนู„ ุจุนุฏู‡ุง ุจุตูŠุบุฉ ุงู„ู…ุตุฏุฑ ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุงูุนุงู„ ู‡ูŠ ูƒุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ...
Can , could , may , might , shall , should , will , would , must , ought ....

4.ุงู„ุงูุนุงู„ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุฃุฎุฐ ู…ูุนูˆู„ูŠู†
Ditransitive Verbs

ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ุฃู‡ู… ุงู„ุฃูุนุงู„:
Lend - accord - loan - advance - save - allow - show - deny - tell - feed - teach - give - write - hand .

๐Ÿ‚๐Ÿ‚๐Ÿ‚๐Ÿ‚๐Ÿ‚๐Ÿ‚

1.ุงู„ูุนู„ ุงู„ุฑุฆูŠุณูŠ ( Main Verb )

๐Ÿ…ฐุงู„ุงูุนุงู„ ุงู„ู‚ูŠุงุณูŠุฉ Regular Verbs
ูˆู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุงูุนุงู„ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุถุงู ุงู„ูŠู‡ุง ( d , ed ) ู„ู„ุญุตูˆู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุตูŠุบุฉ ุงู„ู…ุงุถูŠ ูˆุงู„ุชุตุฑูŠู ุงู„ุซุงู„ุซ ู„ู„ูุนู„ , ูˆูŠุชู… ุฐู„ูƒ ูˆูู‚ุงู‹ ู„ู„ุดุฑูˆุท ุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠุฉ ...
1. ุงุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุงู„ูุนู„ ุงู„ู‚ูŠุงุณูŠ (ุงู„ู…ุตุฏุฑ) ู…ู†ุชู‡ูŠุงู‹ ๏บ‘ ( e ) ููŠุถุงู ุงู„ูŠู‡ ( d ) ูู‚ุท ู„ู„ุญุตูˆู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุงุถูŠ ูˆุงู„ุชุตุฑูŠู ุงู„ุซุงู„ุซ ู„ู„ูุนู„ ู…ุซู„ ...

Present ุงู„ู…ุถุงุฑุน Past ุงู„ู…ุงุถูŠ Future ุงู„ู…ุณุชู‚ุจู„ ุงู„ู…ุนู†ู‰
arrive arrived arrived ูŠุตู„
like liked liked ูŠุญุจ , ูŠุดุจู‡
stare stared stared ูŠุญุฏู‚
admire admired admired ูŠุนุฌุจ ๏บ‘
hope hoped hoped ูŠุฃู…ู„
shave shaved shaved ูŠุญู„ู‚

2. ุงุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุงู„ูุนู„ ุงู„ู‚ูŠุงุณูŠ (ุงู„ู…ุตุฏุฑ) ู…ู†ุชู‡ูŠุงู‹ ๏บ‘ ( e ) , ูุนู†ุฏ ุงุถุงูุฉ ( ing ) ู„ู‡ ูŠุญุฐู ุง๏ปŸ ( e ) ุนู„ู…ุงู ุงู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู‚ุงุนุฏุฉ ุชู†ุทุจู‚ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุงูุนุงู„ ุงู„ุดุงุฐุฉ ุงูŠุถุงู‹ ู…ุซู„

move moving ูŠุชุญุฑูƒ
live living ูŠุนูŠุด
hope hoping ูŠุฃู…ู„
shave shaving ูŠุญู„ู‚
become becoming ุฎุงุต ุจุงู„ุงูุนุงู„ ุงู„ุดุงุฐุฉ ุจู…ุนู†ู‰ ูŠุตุจุญ
give giving ุฎุงุต ุจุงู„ุงูุนุงู„ ุงู„ุดุงุฐุฉ ุจู…ุนู†ู‰ ูŠุนุทูŠ

3. ุงุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุงู„ูุนู„ ุงู„ู‚ูŠุงุณูŠ ( ุงู„ู…ุตุฏุฑ ) ู…ู†ุชู‡ูŠุงู‹ ๏บ‘ ( y ) ูˆูƒุงู† ุง๏ปŸ ( y ) ู…ุณุจูˆู‚ุงู‹ ุจุฃุญุฏ ุญุฑูˆู ุงู„ุนู„ู‡ , ูุนู†ุฏ ุงุถุงูุฉ (ed) ู„ู‡ , ู„ุง ูŠุชุบูŠุฑ ุง๏ปŸ ( y ) , ุนู„ู…ุงู‹ ุงู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู‚ุงุนุฏุฉ ุชู†ุทุจู‚ ุนู†ุฏ ุงุถุงูุฉ ( ing ) ุงูŠุถุงู‹ ู…ุซู„ ...

ุงู„ู…ุตุฏุฑ ุงู„ู…ุงุถูŠ ุงู„ุชุตุฑูŠู ุงู„ุซุงู„ุซ ing ุงุถุงูุฉ ุงู„ู…ุนู†ู‰
play played played playing ูŠู„ุนุจ
enjoy enjoyed enjoyed enjoying ูŠุชู…ุชุน
obey obeyed obeyed obeying ูŠุทูŠุน

4. ุงุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุงู„ูุนู„ ุงู„ู‚ูŠุงุณูŠ ( ุงู„ู…ุตุฏุฑ ) ู…ู†ุชู‡ูŠุงู‹ ๏บ‘ ( y ) ูˆูƒุงู† ุง๏ปŸ ( y ) ู…ุณุจูˆู‚ุงู‹ ุจุญุฑู ุตุญูŠุญ , ูุนู†ุฏ ุงุถุงูุฉ (ed) ูŠุญุฐู ุง๏ปŸ ( y ) , ูˆูŠุถุงู (ied) ุจุฏู„ุงู‹ ุนู†ู‡ , ุนู„ู…ุงู‹ ุงู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู‚ุงุนุฏุฉ ู„ุง ุชู†ุทุจู‚ ุนู†ุฏ ุงุถุงูุฉ ( ing ) ู…ุซู„ ...

ุงู„ู…ุตุฏุฑ ุงู„ู…ุงุถูŠ ุงู„ุชุตุฑูŠู ุงู„ุซุงู„ุซ ing ุงุถุงูุฉ ุงู„ู…ุนู†ู‰
study studied studied studying ูŠุฏุฑุณ
cry cried cried crying ูŠุจูƒูŠ
copy copied copied copying ูŠู†ุณุฎ
reply replied replied replying ูŠุฌูŠุจ

5. ุงุฐุง ุงู†ุชู‡ู‰ ุงู„ูุนู„ ุงู„ู‚ูŠุงุณูŠ ุจุญุฑู ุตุญูŠุญ ูˆูƒุงู† ู‚ุจู„ู‡ู ุญุฑู ุนู„ู‡ , ูˆูƒุงู† ุงู„ูุนู„ ู…ุชูƒูˆู† ู…ู† ู…ู‚ุทุน ูˆุงุญุฏ ูุงู† ุงู„ุญุฑู ุงู„ุตุญูŠุญ ุงู„ุงุฎูŠุฑ ูŠุถุงุนู ุนู†ุฏ ุงุถุงูุฉ (ed) ุงูˆ (ing) ุงู„ูŠู‡ ู…ุซู„ ...

ุงู„ู…ุตุฏุฑ ุงู„ู…ุงุถูŠ ุงู„ุชุตุฑูŠู ุงู„ุซุงู„ุซ ing ุงุถุงูุฉ ุงู„ู…ุนู†ู‰
stop stopped stopped stopping ูŠูˆู‚ู , ูŠู…ู†ุน
drop dropped dropped dropping ูŠุณู‚ุท ูุฌุฃุฉ
plan planned planned planning ูŠุฎุทุท
beg begged begged begging ูŠุณุชุนุทูŠ
occur occurred occurred occurring ูŠุญุฏุซ
prefer preferred preferred preferring ูŠูุถู„
permit permitted permitted permitting ูŠุณู…ุญ
travel travelled travelled travelling ูŠุณุงูุฑ
control controlled controlled controlling ูŠูุญุต
signal signalled signalled signalling ูŠูˆู…ู‰ุก

- ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุงุฎุฑู‰ ู…ู† ุงู„ุงูุนุงู„ (ู…ุถุงุนูุฉ ุงู„ุญุฑู ุงู„ุงุฎูŠุฑ)

program programming programmed ูŠูุจุฑู…ุฌ
worship worshipping worshipped ูŠุนุจุฏ , ูŠุชุนุจุฏ
hiccup hiccupping hiccupped ูŠููˆู‚
kidnap kidnapping kidnapped ูŠุฎุทู
handicap handicapping handicapped ูŠุนูˆู‚

6. ูˆู„ูƒู† ู‡ู†ุงู„ูƒ ุงุณุชุซู†ุงุก ู„ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู‚ุงุนุฏุฉ , ูุงุฐุง ุงู†ุชู‡ู‰ ุงู„ูุนู„ ุจุงุญุฏ ุงู„ุงุญุฑู ุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠุฉ ( w , x , y ) ูˆ ูƒุงู† ู…ุณุจูˆู‚ุงู‹ ุจุญุฑู ุนู„ุฉ ูุนู†ุฏ ุงุถุงูุฉ (ed) ุงูˆ (ing) ู„ุงูŠุถุงุนู ุงู„ุญุฑู ุงู„ุงุฎูŠุฑ ู…ุซู„ ...
โ—พ๏ธ#Grammar
โ—พ๏ธ#English_Lessons
โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”
ุงู„ุงุณู…ุงุก ุงู„ู…ูุฑุฏุฉ ูˆุงู„ุฌู…ุน
โ—ฝ๏ธSingular and Plural Nouns

๐Ÿ“ุงุณู… ุงุณู… ุดุฎุต ุŒ ู…ูƒุงู† ุŒ ุดูŠุก ุŒ ุฃูˆ ููƒุฑุฉ.
โ—พ๏ธA noun names a person, place, thing, or idea.

ุนุงุฏุฉู‹ ุŒ ุชุฎุจุฑูƒ ุงู„ุตูุญุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ู…ู† ูƒุชุงุจ ุงู„ู‚ูˆุงุนุฏ ุนู† ุงู„ุฃุณู…ุงุก. ุชุนุทูŠ ุงู„ุฃุณู…ุงุก ุŒุฃุณู…ุงุก ุฃุดูŠุงุก ู…ู„ู…ูˆุณุฉ ุฃูˆ ู…ุฌุฑุฏุฉ ููŠ ุญูŠุงุชู†ุง. ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ูŠุชุนู„ู… ุงู„ุฃุทูุงู„ "ุฃู…ูŠ" ุฃูˆ "ุฃุจูŠ" ุฃูˆ "ุญู„ูŠุจ" ูƒู„ู…ุชู‡ู… ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ุŒ ูŠุฌุจ ุฃู† ุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุฃุณู…ุงุก ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ุชุฏุฑุณ ู„ุบุฉ ุฃุฌู†ุจูŠุฉ.
Usually, the first page of a grammar book tells you about nouns. Nouns give names of concrete or abstract things in our lives. As babies learn "mom," "dad," or "milk" as their first word, nouns should be the first topic when you study a foreign language.
โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”
1๏ธโƒฃู„ุตูŠุบุฉ ุงู„ุฌู…ุน ู…ู† ู…ุนุธู… ุงู„ุฃุณู…ุงุก ุŒ ู†ุถูŠู s.
๐Ÿ“–For the plural form of most nouns,
add (s).

‎โ—ฝ๏ธู‚ู†ูŠู†ุงุช ุฒุฌุงุฌูŠุฉโœ–๏ธู‚ู†ูŠู†ุฉ
โ—พ๏ธbottle โ€“ bottles
‎โ—ฝ๏ธุฃูƒูˆุงุจโœ–๏ธูƒูˆุจ
โ—พ๏ธcup โ€“ cups
‎โ—ฝ๏ธุงู‚ู„ุงู… ุฑุตุงุตโœ–๏ธู‚ู„ู… ุฑุตุงุต
โ—พ๏ธpencil โ€“ pencils
‎โ—ฝ๏ธู…ูƒุงุชุจโœ–๏ธู…ูƒุชุจ
โ—พ๏ธdesk โ€“ desks
‎โ—ฝ๏ธู…ู„ุตู‚ุงุชโœ–๏ธู…ู„ุตู‚
โ—พ๏ธsticker โ€“ stickers
‎โ—ฝ๏ธู†ุงูุฐุงุชโœ–๏ธู†ุงูุฐุฉ
โ—พ๏ธwindow โ€“ windows
โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”
2๏ธโƒฃู„ู„ุงุณู…ุงุก ุงู„ู…ู†ุชู‡ูŠุฉ ุจุงู„ุญุฑูˆู ุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠุฉ
‏ (ch, x, s, or s ). ู†ุถูŠู es #ุญูุธโš ๏ธ
๐Ÿ“–For nouns that end in (ch, x, s, or s )sounds, add es.

‎โ—ฝ๏ธุตู†ุงุฏูŠู‚โœ–๏ธุตู†ุฏูˆู‚
โ—พ๏ธbox โ€“ boxes
‎โ—ฝ๏ธุณุงุนุงุชโœ–๏ธุณุงุนุฉ
โ—พ๏ธwatch โ€“ watches
‎โ—ฝ๏ธุทุญุงู„ุจโœ–๏ธุทุญู„ุจ
โ—พ๏ธmoss โ€“ mosses
‎โ—ฝ๏ธุจุงุตุงุชโœ–๏ธุจุงุต
โ—พ๏ธbus โ€“ buses
โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”
3๏ธโƒฃุงู„ุงุณู…ุงุก ุงู„ู…ู†ุชู‡ูŠุฉ ุจ (f ุงูˆ fe ), ุชู‚ู„ุจ ุงู„ู‰ v ูˆู†ุถูŠู ุงู„ es.
๐Ÿ“–For nouns ending in f or fe, change f to v and add es.

‎โ—ฝ๏ธุฐุฆุงุจ โœ–๏ธุฐุฆุจ
โ—พ๏ธwolf โ€“ wolves
‎โ—ฝ๏ธุฒูˆุฌุงุช โœ–๏ธุฒูˆุฌุฉ
โ—พ๏ธwife โ€“ wives
‎โ—ฝ๏ธุฃูˆุฑุงู‚ โœ–๏ธูˆุฑู‚ุฉ
โ—พ๏ธleaf โ€“ leaves
‎โ—ฝ๏ธุญูŠุงุฉ โœ–๏ธุญูŠุงุฉ
โ—พ๏ธlife โ€“ lives
โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”
4๏ธโƒฃุจุนุถ ุงู„ุงุณู…ุงุก ู„ุฏูŠู‡ู… ุตูŠุบ ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ู„ู„ุฌู…ุน
๐Ÿ“–Some nouns have different plural forms.

‎โ—ฝ๏ธุงุทูุงู„ โœ–๏ธุทูู„
โ—พ๏ธchild โ€“ children
‎โ—ฝ๏ธู†ุณุงุก โœ–๏ธุฃู…ุฑุฃุฉ
โ—พ๏ธwoman โ€“ women
‎โ—ฝ๏ธุฑุฌุงู„โœ–๏ธุฑุฌู„
โ—พ๏ธman โ€“ men
‎โ—ฝ๏ธูุฆุฑุงู† โœ–๏ธูุงุฑุฉ
โ—พ๏ธmouse โ€“ mice
โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”
5๏ธโƒฃุงู„ุฃุณู…ุงุก ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชู†ุชู‡ูŠ ููŠ ุญุฑูˆู ุงู„ุนู„ุฉ ู…ุซู„ y ุฃูˆ o ู„ูŠุณ ู„ู‡ุง ู‚ูˆุงุนุฏ ู…ุญุฏุฏุฉ.#ุญูุธโš ๏ธ
๐Ÿ“–Nouns ending in vowels like y or o do not have definite rules.

‎โ—ฝ๏ธุงุทูุงู„ โœ–๏ธุทูู„
โ—พ๏ธbaby โ€“ babies
‎โ—ฝ๏ธุฏู…ู‰ โœ–๏ธุฏู…ูŠุฉ
โ—พ๏ธtoy โ€“ toys
‎โ—ฝ๏ธูƒู„ู‰ โœ–๏ธูƒู„ูŠุฉ
โ—พ๏ธkidney โ€“ kidneys
‎โ—ฝ๏ธุจุทุงุทุงโœ–๏ธุจุทุงุทุฉ
โ—พ๏ธpotato โ€“ potatoes
‎โ—ฝ๏ธู…ุฐูƒุฑุฉ โœ–๏ธู…ุฐูƒุฑุงุช
โ—พ๏ธmemo โ€“ memos
โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”
6๏ธโƒฃุงู„ู‚ู„ูŠู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ุงุณู…ุงุก ุชุชุดุงุจู‡ุง ููŠ ุตูŠุบุฉ ุงู„ู…ูุฑุฏ ูˆุงู„ุฌู…ุน ู…ุซู„ :-#ุญูุธโš ๏ธ
๐Ÿ“–A few nouns have the same singular and plural forms.
‎โ—ฝ๏ธุฎุฑูุงู†โœ–๏ธุฎุฑูˆู
โ—พ๏ธsheep โ€“ sheep
‎โ—ฝ๏ธุบุฒู„ุงู† โœ–๏ธุบุฒุงู„
โ—พ๏ธdeer โ€“ deer
‎โ—ฝ๏ธู…ุณู„ุณู„โœ–๏ธู…ุณู„ุณู„ุงุช
โ—พ๏ธseries โ€“ series
‎โ—ฝ๏ธุฃุตู†ุงู โœ–๏ธุตู†ู
โ—พ๏ธspecies โ€“ species
โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”
โฃ_________โฃ_________โฃ
โ—พ๏ธ#Grammar |ู‚ูˆุงุนุฏ
โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”
๐Ÿ“ุงู„ุงุณู…ุงุก ุงู„ู…ุนุฏูˆุฏุฉ ูˆ ุงู„ุงุณู…ุงุก ุงู„ุบูŠุฑ ู…ุนุฏูˆุฏุฉ
๐Ÿ“–Count Nouns vs. Non-Count Nouns
โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”
๐Ÿ“–Count nouns | ุงู„ุงุณู…ุงุก ุงู„ู…ุนุฏูˆุฏุฉ

ูŠู…ูƒู† ุงู† ุชูุนุฏ ูƒู€ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงูˆ ุงูƒุซุฑ ู…ุซู„ุง:-
๐Ÿ“–Can be counted as one or more:-

๐Ÿ“–ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุงุช #ุญูุธ๐Ÿ‘โ€๐Ÿ—จ
โ—พ๏ธpen | ู‚ู„ู… ุญุจุฑ
โ—พ๏ธcomputer | ุญุงุณูˆุจ
โ—พ๏ธbottle | ู‚ู†ูŠู†ุฉ
โ—พ๏ธspoon | ู…ู„ุนู‚ุฉ
โ—พ๏ธdesk | ู…ูƒุชุจ
โ—พ๏ธcup | ูƒูˆุจ
โ—พ๏ธtelevision | ุชู„ูุงุฒ
โ—พ๏ธchair | ูƒุฑุณูŠ
โ—พ๏ธshoe | ุญุฐุงุก
โ—พ๏ธfinger | ุฅุตุจุน
โ—พ๏ธflower | ูˆุฑุฏุฉ
โ—พ๏ธcamera | ูƒุงู…ูŠุฑุง
โ—พ๏ธstick | ุนุตุง
โ—พ๏ธballoon | ุจุงู„ูˆู†ุฉ
โ—พ๏ธbook | ูƒุชุงุจ
โ—พ๏ธtable | ุทุงูˆู„ุฉ
โ—พ๏ธcomb | ู…ุดุท
๐Ÿ‘โ€๐Ÿ—จetc.
โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”
๐Ÿ“๐Ÿ˜ญ๐Ÿ˜…ุชุงุฎุฐ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุงุณู…ุงุก ุงู„ู…ุนุฏูˆุฉ ุญุฑู(s)ู„ุชูƒูˆู† ุตูŠุบุฉ ุงู„ุฌู…ุน ูƒู…ุง ููŠ ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุงุช ุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠุฉ :-
๐Ÿ“–Take an( s )to form the plural.

โ˜€๏ธpens | ุงู‚ู„ุงู… ุญุจุฑ
โ˜€๏ธcomputers | ุญูˆุงุณูŠุจ
โ˜€๏ธbottles | ู‚ู†ุงู†ูŠ
โ˜€๏ธspoons | ู…ู„ุงุนู‚
โ˜€๏ธdesks | ู…ูƒุงุชุจ
โ˜€๏ธcups | ุฃูƒูˆุงุจ
โ˜€๏ธtelevisions | ุชู„ูุฒูŠูˆู†ุงุช
โ˜€๏ธchairs | ูƒุฑุงุณูŠ
โ˜€๏ธshoes | ุงุญุฐูŠุฉ
โ˜€๏ธfingers | ุฃุตุงุจุน
โ˜€๏ธflowers |ูˆุฑูˆูˆุฏ
โ˜€๏ธcameras | ูƒุงู…ูŠุฑุงุช
โ˜€๏ธsticks | ุนุตูŠ
โ˜€๏ธballoons | ุจุงู„ูˆู†ุงุช
โ˜€๏ธbooks | ูƒุชุจ
โ˜€๏ธtables | ุทุงูˆู„ุงุช
โ˜€๏ธcombs | ุงู…ุดุงุท
etc.
โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”
๐Ÿ“ูˆูŠู…ูƒู† ุงู† ุชุนู…ู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุงุช ู…ุน ุงู„ุชุนุจูŠุฑุงุช ุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠุฉ:-
‏ (a few, few, many, some, every, each, these, a) ูƒู…ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุฃู…ุซู„ุฉ ุงุฏู†ุงู‡ โ˜€๏ธ
๐Ÿ“–Work with expressions such as (a few, few, many, some, every, each, these, and the number of).

๐Ÿ“#ุญูุธ๐Ÿ‘โ€๐Ÿ—จ
๐Ÿงงa few pens | ุนุฏุฏ ู‚ู„ูŠู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃู‚ู„ุงู…
๐Ÿงงa few computers | ุนุฏุฏ ู‚ู„ูŠู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ุญูˆุงุณูŠุจ
๐Ÿงงmany bottles | ุงู„ุนุฏูŠุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฒุฌุงุฌุงุช
๐Ÿงงsome spoons | ุจุนุถ ุงู„ู…ู„ุงุนู‚
๐Ÿงงevery desk | ูƒู„ ู…ูƒุชุจ
๐Ÿงงeach cup | ูƒู„ ูƒูˆุจ
๐Ÿงงthese televisions | ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุชู„ูุฒูŠูˆู†ุงุช
๐Ÿงงthe number of chairs | ุนุฏุฏ ุงู„ูƒุฑุงุณูŠ
๐Ÿงงa few shoes | ุนุฏุฏ ู‚ู„ูŠู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุญุฐูŠุฉ
๐Ÿงงa few fingers | ุงู„ู‚ู„ูŠู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุตุงุจุน
๐Ÿงงmany flowers | ุงู„ุนุฏูŠุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฒู‡ูˆุฑ
๐Ÿงงsome cameras | ุจุนุถ ุงู„ูƒุงู…ูŠุฑุงุช
๐Ÿงงevery stick| ูƒู„ ุนุตุง
๐Ÿงงeach balloon | ูƒู„ ุจุงู„ูˆู†ู‡
๐Ÿงงthese books | ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ูƒุชุจ
๐Ÿงงthe number of tables | ุนุฏุฏ ุงู„ุทุงูˆู„ุงุช
๐Ÿงงmany combs | ุงู„ุนุฏูŠุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃู…ุดุงุท
etc.
โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”
๐Ÿ“ูˆูŠู…ูƒู† ุงู† ุชุนู…ู„ ู…ุน ุฃุฏูˆุงุช ุงู„ู…ุนุฑูุฉ ูˆุงู„ุชู†ูƒูŠุฑ
‏ (a, an, or the).
๐Ÿ“–Work with appropriate articles
(a, an, or the).
๐Ÿ“#ูู‡ู…๐Ÿ‘โ€๐Ÿ—จ.
โ˜€๏ธุงู„ุฃุฏุงุฉ The : ู‡ูŠ ุงุฏุงุฉ ุชุนุงุฏู„
(ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ุชุนุฑูŠู )ุจุงู„ู„ุบุฉ ุงู„ุนุฑุจูŠุฉ .
โ˜€๏ธุงู„ุฃุฏุงุฉ a,an:-ุฃุฏูˆุงุช ุชู†ูƒูŠุฑ .
๐Ÿ“ูƒู…ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุฃู…ุซู„ุฉ ุงุฏู†ุงู‡ :-
๐Ÿ’Œa pen | ู‚ู„ู…
๐Ÿ’Œthe computer | ุงู„ูƒู…ุจูŠูˆุชุฑ
๐Ÿ’Œa bottle | ุฒุฌุงุฌุฉ
๐Ÿ’Œthe spoon | ุงู„ู…ู„ุนู‚ุฉ
๐Ÿ’Œa desk | ู…ูƒุชุจ
๐Ÿ’Œthe cup | ุงู„ูƒูˆุจ
๐Ÿ’Œa television | ุชู„ูุงุฒ
๐Ÿ’Œthe chair | ุงู„ูƒุฑุณูŠ
๐Ÿ’Œa shoe | ุญุฐุงุก
๐Ÿ’Œthe finger | ุงู„ุงุตุจุน
๐Ÿ’Œa flower | ูˆุฑุฏุฉ
๐Ÿ’Œthe camera | ุงู„ูƒุงู…ูŠุฑุง
๐Ÿ’Œa stick | ุนุตุง
๐Ÿ’Œthe balloon | ุงู„ุจุงู„ูˆู†ู‡
๐Ÿ’Œa book | ูƒุชุงุจ
๐Ÿ’Œthe table | ุงู„ุทุงูˆู„ุฉ
๐Ÿ’Œa comb | ู…ุดุท
etc.
โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”
๐Ÿ“ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุงุช ู„ุง ูŠู…ูƒู† ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู…ู‡ุง ู…ุน ูƒู„ู…ุฉ much.
๐Ÿ“–Do NOT work with much
โ—ฝ๏ธู„ุง ูŠู…ูƒู† ุงู† ู†ู‚ูˆู„ ุงุจุฏุง ุŒ much pensโŒ.
โ—ฝ๏ธูˆู„ุง ูŠู…ูƒู† ุงู† ู†ู‚ูˆู„ much computers โŒ.
โ˜€๏ธู„ุงู† much ุชุณุชุฎุฏู… ู…ุน ุงู„ุบูŠุฑ ู…ุนุฏูˆุฏ ูู‚ุท
โ—พ๏ธ(for example, you would never say much pens or much computers).
โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”
โฃ_________โฃ_________โฃ
โ—พ๏ธ#Grammar |ู‚ูˆุงุนุฏ ุงู„ุงู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ
โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”

๐Ÿ“ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ุณูˆู ู†ุดุฑุญ ุงู„ุงุณู…ุงุก ุงู„ุบูŠุฑ ู…ุนุฏูˆุฏุฉ
๐ŸงงNon-count nouns

๐Ÿ“ู„ุง ูŠู…ูƒู† ุนุฏู‡ุง ุŒุบุงู„ุจุง ู‡ูŠ ุชุนุจุฑ ุนู† ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุงูˆ ูƒู…ูŠุฉ ุงูˆ ู†ูˆุนูŠุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุดูŠ
๐Ÿ“Cannot be counted. They usually express a group or a type.

๐Ÿ“#ุญูุธ ๐Ÿ‘โ€๐Ÿ—จ
โ—พ๏ธwater | ู…ุงุก
โ—พ๏ธwood | ุฎุดุจ
โ—พ๏ธice | ุซู„ุฌ
โ—พ๏ธair | ู‡ูˆุงุก
โ—พ๏ธoxygen | ุงูˆูƒุณุฌูŠู†
โ—พ๏ธEnglish | ุงู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ
โ—พ๏ธSpanish | ุฅุณุจุงู†ูŠุฉ
โ—พ๏ธtraffic | ุฅุดุงุฑุฉ ู…ุฑูˆุฑูŠุฉ
โ—พ๏ธfurniture | ุงุซุงุซ
โ—พ๏ธmilk | ุญู„ูŠุจ
โ—พ๏ธwine | ู†ุจูŠุฐ
โ—พ๏ธsugar | ุณููƒุฑ
โ—พ๏ธrice | ุฑุฒ
โ—พ๏ธmeat | ู„ุญู…
โ—พ๏ธflour | ุทุญูŠู†
โ—พ๏ธsoccer | ูƒุฑุฉ ู‚ุฏู…(ุจุงู„ุฃู…ุฑูŠูƒูŠุฉ )
โ—พ๏ธsunshine | ุดุฑูˆู‚ ุงู„ุดู…ุณ
etc.
โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”
๐Ÿ“ุจุดูƒู„ ุนุงู… ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุงุช ู„ุง ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฌู…ุนู‡ุง
๐Ÿ“–Generally cannot be pluralized.

๐Ÿ“ูŠู…ูƒู† ุงู† ุชุนู…ู„ ู…ุน ุฃุฏูˆุงุช ุงู„ู…ุนุฑูุฉ ูˆุงู„ุชู†ูƒูŠุฑ ูˆุชุนู…ู„ ุจุฏูˆู†ู‡ุง ุงูŠุถุงู‹ ุญุณุจ ุณูŠุงู‚ ุงู„ุฌู…ู„ุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุฃุชูŠ ููŠู‡ุง .
๐Ÿ“–Work both with and without an article (a, an, or the), depending on the context of the sentence.

‎โ—พ๏ธุงู„ุณูƒุฑ ุญู„ูˆ
๐ŸŒ€Sugar is sweet.
‎โ—พ๏ธุดุฑูˆู‚ ุงู„ุดู…ุณ ุฌู…ูŠู„
๐ŸŒ€The sunshine is beautiful.
‎โ—พ๏ธุงู†ุง ุงุดุฑุจ ุงู„ุญู„ูŠุจ
๐ŸŒ€I drink milk.
‎โ—พ๏ธู‡ูˆ ูŠุฃูƒู„ ุงู„ุฑุฒ
๐ŸŒ€He eats rice.
‎โ—พ๏ธู†ุญู† ู†ุดุงู‡ุฏ ูƒุฑุฉ ุงู„ู‚ุฏู… ู…ุนุงู‹
๐ŸŒ€We watch soccer together.
‎โ—พ๏ธุงู„ุฎุดุจ ูŠุญุชุฑู‚
๐ŸŒ€The wood is burning.
โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”
๐Ÿ“ูˆู‚ุฏ ุชุฃุชูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุงุช ู…ุน ู…ุน ุงู„ุชุนุจูŠุฑุงุช ุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠุฉ
‏ (some, any, enough, this, that, and much). ูƒู…ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุฃู…ุซู„ุฉ ุงุฏู†ุงู‡
๐Ÿ“–Work with expressions such as
(some, any, enough, this, that, and much).

โ˜€๏ธู„ู‚ุฏ ุงูƒู„ู†ุง ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุฑุฒ ูˆุงู„ุญู„ูŠุจ(ุดุฑุจ ุงู„ุญู„ูŠุจ)
๐Ÿ”˜We ate some rice and milk.
โ˜€๏ธุงู…ู„ ุงุฑู‰ ุจุนุถุงู‹ ู…ู† ุดุฑูˆู‚ ุงู„ุดู…ุณ ุงู„ูŠูˆู… (ุงู„ู‚ู„ูŠู„ ู…ู† ุฃุดุนุฉ ุงู„ุดู…ุณ )
๐Ÿ”˜I hope to see some sunshine today.
โ˜€๏ธู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ุญู… ุฌูŠุฏ
๐Ÿ”˜This meat is good.
โ˜€๏ธู‡ูŠ ู„ุง ุชุชูƒู„ู… ุงู„ุฅุณุจุงู†ูŠุฉ ูƒุซูŠุฑุงู‹(ู„ูŠุณ ุจุดูƒู„ ุฌูŠุฏ)
๐Ÿ”˜She does not speak much Spanish.
โ˜€๏ธู‡ู„ ุชุฑู‰ ุงูŽูŠ ุฅุดุงุฑุฉ ู…ุฑูˆุฑูŠุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุŸ
๐Ÿ”˜Do you see any traffic on the road?
โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”
๐Ÿ‘โ€๐Ÿ—จู…ู„ุงุญุธุฉ ู…ู‡ู…ุฉ โ˜€๏ธ๐Ÿ“.
๐Ÿค”ู„ุง ุชุนู…ู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุงุช ู…ุน ุงู„ุชุนุจูŠุฑุงุช ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุงุฏู†ุงู‡ .
๐Ÿค”ู„ุง ูŠู…ูƒู† ุงุณุชุฎุฏู…ุงู‡ุง ู…ุน ุงู„ุฃุดูŠุงุก ุงู„ุบูŠุฑ ู…ุนุฏูˆุฏุฉ .
๐Ÿ“Do NOT work with expressions such as (these, those, every, each, either, or neither).
โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”
‎โฃ_________โฃ_________โฃ
โ—พ๏ธ#Grammar |ู‚ูˆุงุนุฏ ุงู„ุงู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ
โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”
โ—พ๏ธPronounces | ุงู„ุถู…ุงุฆุฑ

๐Ÿ“ู‡ูŠ ูƒู„ู…ุงุช ู‚ุตูŠุฑู‡ ุชุนูˆุถ ุนู† ุงู„ุงุณู…ุงุก , ูˆุชู†ู‚ุณู… ุงู„ู‰ :
1๏ธโƒฃ- ุงู„ุถู…ุงุฆุฑ ุงู„ุดุฎุตูŠู‡ ( ุถู…ุงุฆุฑ ุงู„ูุงุนู„ ูˆุงู„ู…ูุนูˆู„ ุจู‡ )
2๏ธโƒฃ- ุถู…ุงุฆุฑ ุงู„ู…ู„ูƒูŠู‡ ( ุถู…ุงุฆุฑ ูˆุตูุงุช ุงู„ู…ู„ูƒูŠู‡ )
3๏ธโƒฃ- ุงู„ุถู…ุงุฆุฑ ุงู„ุงู†ุนูƒุงุณูŠู‡
4๏ธโƒฃ- ุถู…ุงุฆุฑ ุงู„ุงุดุงุฑุฉ
5๏ธโƒฃ- ุถู…ุงุฆุฑ ุงู„ุงุณุชูู‡ุงู…
6๏ธโƒฃ- ุถู…ุงุฆุฑ ุงู„ูˆุตู„
๐Ÿ“ุญูŠุซ ุณู†ุชู†ุงูˆู„ ุจุฃู„ุชูุตูŠู„ ูƒู„ ู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ุงู†ูˆุงุน ุงู„ุถู…ุงุฆุฑ , ู…ูˆุถุญุฉ ุจุงู„ุงู…ุซู„ู‡ ู„ุงุญู‚ุงู‹ .
โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”
โ—พ๏ธุถู…ุงุฆุฑ ุงู„ูุงุนู„ Subjective Pronouns
โ—ฝ๏ธุถู…ุงุฆุฑ ุงู„ู…ูุนูˆู„ ุจู‡ Objective Pronouns
๐Ÿ”ธุตูุงุช ุงู„ุชู…ู„ูƒ Possessive Adjectives
๐Ÿ”นุถู…ุงุฆุฑ ุงู„ุชู…ู„ูƒ Possessive Pronouns

โ—พ๏ธI
โ—ฝ๏ธme
๐Ÿ”ถmy
๐Ÿ”ทmine

โ—พ๏ธYou
โ–ซ๏ธyou
๐Ÿ”ถyour
๐Ÿ”ทyours

โ—พ๏ธHe
โ—ฝ๏ธhim
๐Ÿ”ถhis
๐Ÿ”ทhis

โ—พ๏ธShe
โ—ฝ๏ธher
๐Ÿ”ถher
๐Ÿ”ทhers

โ—พ๏ธIt
โ—ฝ๏ธit
๐Ÿ”ถits
๐Ÿ”ทits

โ—พ๏ธWe
โ—ฝ๏ธus
๐Ÿ”ถour
๐Ÿ”ทours

โ—พ๏ธThey
โ—ฝ๏ธthem
๐Ÿ”ถtheir
๐Ÿ”ทtheirs
โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”

Example story: ู‚ุตุฉ

โ—พ๏ธMary is one of the heads of the ToJi Corporation. Mary works with Mr. James and Mr. James' son Tom. Mr. James and Mr. James' son Tom are experts in biochemistry. Mary, Mr. James, and Tom researched and invented a drug for cancer treatment.

๐Ÿ“ู…ุงุฑูŠ ู‡ูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู…ู† ุฑุคุณุงุก ุดุฑูƒุฉ ToJi. ุชุนู…ู„ ู…ุงุฑูŠ ู…ุน ุงู„ุณูŠุฏ ุฌูŠู…ุณ ุงุจู† ุงู„ุณูŠุฏ ุฌูŠู…ุณ ุชูˆู…. ุงู„ุณูŠุฏ ุฌูŠู…ุณ ูˆุงุจู† ุงู„ุณูŠุฏ ุฌูŠู…ุณ ู‡ู… ุฎุจุฑุงุก ููŠ ุงู„ูƒูŠู…ูŠุงุก ุงู„ุญูŠูˆูŠุฉ. ุจุญุซุช ู…ุงุฑูŠ ุŒ ูˆุงู„ุณูŠุฏ ุฌูŠู…ุณ ุŒ ูˆุชูˆู… ูˆุงุจุชูƒุงุฑูˆ ุนู‚ุงุฑ ู„ุนู„ุงุฌ ุงู„ุณุฑุทุงู†.
โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”
ู„ูˆ ูƒุชุจุช ุงู„ู‚ุตุฉ ุงุนู„ุงู‡ ุจุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ุงู„ุถู…ุงุฆุฑ
If the story above is written using pronouns:

ุชุตุจุญ ูƒุงู„ุงุชูŠ :-

โ—พ๏ธMary is one of the heads of the ToJi Corporation. She works with Mr. James and his son Tom. He and his son Tom are experts in biochemistry. They researched and invented a drug for cancer treatment.

๐Ÿ“ู…ุงุฑูŠ ู‡ูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู…ู† ุฑุคุณุงุก ุดุฑูƒุฉ ToJi. ูˆู‡ูŠ ุชุนู…ู„ ู…ุน ุงู„ุณูŠุฏ ุฌูŠู…ุณ ูˆุงุจู†ู‡ ุชูˆู…. ู‡ูˆ ูˆุงุจู†ู‡ ุชูˆู… ุฎุจุฑุงุก ููŠ ุงู„ูƒูŠู…ูŠุงุก ุงู„ุญูŠูˆูŠุฉ. ุจุญุซูˆุง ูˆุงุจุชูƒุงุฑูˆุง ุนู‚ุงุฑ ู„ุนู„ุงุฌ ุงู„ุณุฑุทุงู†.
โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”
ุงู„ุถู…ุงุฆุฑ ุงู„ุดุฎุตูŠุฉ
โ—พ๏ธPersonal Pronouns

๐Ÿ“ุงู„ุถู…ุงุฆุฑ ุงู„ุดุฎุตูŠุฉ ุชุดูŠุฑ ุงู„ู‰ ุดุฎุต
โ—พ๏ธPersonal pronouns refer to a person:

๐Ÿ“ุงู†ุง ุฃุฐู‡ุจ ุงู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุฏุฑุณุฉ.
โ—พ๏ธI go to school.
๐Ÿ“ุงู†ุช ุทุงู„ุจ.
โ—พ๏ธYou are a student.
๐Ÿ“ุฅู†ู‡ู… ูƒูˆุฑูŠูˆู†.
โ—พ๏ธThey are Koreans.
๐Ÿ“ู‡ูˆ ูŠุนู…ู„ ู‡ู†ุง.
โ—พ๏ธHe works here.
๐Ÿ“ู‚ุฏู…ู†ุง โ€‹โ€‹ู„ู‡ุง ุงู„ุทุนุงู….
โ—พ๏ธWe gave her food.
โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”
๐Ÿ“ุชุดูŠุฑ ูƒู„ู…ุฉ "it" ุฅู„ู‰ ูƒุงุฆู† ุฃูˆ ุดูŠ
โ—พ๏ธThe word โ€˜it' refers to an object:

๐Ÿ“ุงู†ุง ุดุฑุจุชู‡ุง
โ—พ๏ธI drank it.
๐Ÿ“ุงู†ู‡ุง ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ
โ—พ๏ธIt is big.
๐Ÿ“ู‚ุทุนูˆู‡ุง ุฅู„ู‰ ู†ุตููŠู†.
โ—พ๏ธThey cut it into halves.
โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”
ุงุญูุธ ุงู„ุถู…ุงุฆุฑ ุงู„ุดุฎุตูŠุฉ
โ—พ๏ธMemorize the personal pronouns:
โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”
โ—พ๏ธSingular Subject | ูุงุนู„ ู…ูุฑุฏ

โ—พ๏ธI | ุงู†ุง
โ—พ๏ธyou | ุงู†ุช
โ—พ๏ธhe | ู‡ูˆ
โ—พ๏ธshe | ู‡ูŠ
โ—พ๏ธit | ู‡ูˆ/ู‡ูŠ ู„ุบูŠุฑ ุงู„ุนุงู‚ู„
โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”
โ—ฝ๏ธSingular Object|ู…ูุนูˆู„ ุจู‡ ู†ูุฑุฏ

โ—ฝ๏ธme | ุถู…ูŠุฑ ู„ู…ุชูƒู„ู… ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ู†ุตุจ ุงู†ุง
โ—ฝ๏ธyou | ู„ูƒ
โ—ฝ๏ธhim | ู„ู‡
โ—ฝ๏ธher | ู„ู‡ุง
โ—ฝ๏ธit | ู„ู‡ /ู„ู‡ุง ู„ุบูŠุฑ ุงู„ุนุงู‚ู„
โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”
๐Ÿ”ทSingular Reflexive | ุงู„ุถู…ูŠุฑ ุงู„ู…ูุฑุฏ ุงู„ุงู†ุนูƒุงุณูŠ

๐Ÿ”นmyself | ู†ูุณูŠ
๐Ÿ”นyourself| ู†ูุณูƒ
๐Ÿ”นhimself | ู†ูุณู‡
๐Ÿ”นherself | ู†ูุณู‡ุง
๐Ÿ”นitself | ู†ูุณู‡/ู‡ุง (ู„ุบูŠุฑ ุงู„ุนุงู‚ู„ )
โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”
๐Ÿ”ถPlural Subject| ูุงุนู„ ุฌู…ุน

๐Ÿ”ธwe | ู†ุญู†
๐Ÿ”ธyou | ุงู†ุชู…
๐Ÿ”ธthey | ู‡ู…
โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”
๐Ÿ“Plural Object| ู…ูุนูˆู„ ุจู‡ ุฌู…ุน

๐Ÿ“us | ู„ู†ุง
๐Ÿ“you | ู„ูƒู…
๐Ÿ“them | ู„ู‡ู…
โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”
๐Ÿ“Plural Reflexive | ุถู…ูŠุฑ ุงู„ุฌู…ุน ุงู„ุงู†ุนูƒุงุณูŠ

๐Ÿ“ourselves | ุงู†ูุณู†ุง
๐Ÿ“yourselves | ุงู†ูุณูƒู…
๐Ÿ“themselves | ุงู†ูุณู‡ู…
โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”
‎โฃ_________โฃ_________โฃ