#notes
*the temperature of the hand is a good guide for peripheral perfusion so it is :
🔥 warm in COPD
❄️cold in heart failure
-->in both cases there is cyanosis in the nail bed
⭐️it is warm in hyperthyrodism+heart failure

#notes
#Haptoglobin
is the protein that in humans is encoded by the HP gene.

In blood plasma, haptoglobin binds free hemoglobin released from erythrocytes with high affinity and thereby inhibits its oxidative activity.

⛔️
Few #notes about abnormal #lymph_nodes
👇🏻👇🏻👇🏻👇🏻

⚡️Scalene lymph node enlargement may be the first evidence of metastatic lung cancer and localised cervical lymphadenopathy is a common presenting feature of lymphoma.

⚡️In Hodgkin’s disease, the lymph nodes are typically ‘rubbery’; in dental sepsis and tonsillitis they are usually tender.

⚡️In tuberculosis and metastatic cancer they are often ‘matted’ together to form a mass.

⚡️ Calcified lymph nodes feel stony hard.

⚡️Palpable lymph nodes, fixed to deep structures or skin, are usually malignant.

⚠️ #Notes

#Hematology
The combination of increased arterial stiffness from endothelial dysfunction and a high cardiac output state from severe hemolysis and anemia are expected to elevate pulse pressure in #Sickle_Cell_disease.

We, therefore, hypothesized that hemolysis would be significantly associated with pulse pressure in patients with HbSS disease.

#Pediatrics
#Gynecology_&_Obstetrics

Quick #Notes ✨

Serum calcium levels were higher in diabetic mothers than in nondiabetic control subjects.

It is speculated that relative maternal hyperparathyroidism leading to fetal hypoparathyroidism may be a factor in the pathogenesis of neonatal hypocalcemia in infants of diabetic mothers.

#notes #triad #medicine

In the hand, the median nerve supplies the lateral two lumbricals, opponens pollicis, abductor pollicis brevis, and flexor pollicis brevis; the remainder are served by the ulnar nerve.

Wasting of the interossei (prominent guttering of the back of the hand), of the web space between thumb and index finger, and softening and flattening of the hypothenar eminence with sparing of abductor pollicis brevis indicates an ulnar nerve lesion.

Isolated wasting of abductor pollicis brevis indicate median nerve lesion in carpal tunnel syndrome.
Global wasting of hand indicate median and ulnar nerve lesion; probably, with damage to T1 root.

More extensive arm wasting may indicate any of the following: syringomyelia of MND; bilateral, symmetrical wasting indicate peripheral neuropathy.

💥 #notes
#hand_examination
#plastic_surgery
#orthopedics
#neurosurgery

✨#notes

Massive splenomegaly! (spleen palpable 8 cm below the costal margin, most authors define massive splenomegaly when the spleen reaches the iliac crest, crosses the midline or weights more than 1000 g)

-Causes:
🪀Leishmaniasis
🪀Malaria
🪀Myeloproliferative disease
🪀Portal vein obstruction/portal hypertension
🪀Schistosomiasis
🪀Niemann-Pick disease
🪀Mucopolysaccharidosis
🪀Lymphomas
🪀Gaucher disease
🪀Hereditary spherocytosis
🪀Thalassemias – major, alpha or beta
🪀Histiocytosis X.

#notes ✨

Abetalipoproteinemia is a rare inherited disorder of fat metabolism that results in poor absorption of dietary fat and vitamin E.
The vitamin E deficiency associated with this disease causes problems such as poor transmission of nerve impulses and muscle weakness.

#notes ✨
VSD
Congenital heart diseases

❗️Supracristal VSDs occur just beneath the aortic valve at the left ventricular outflow tract.
A Venturi effect can occur from the left to right shunt causing the aortic valve leaflet to prolapse into the VSD resulting in significant aortic valve regurgitation.

⛔️SO, this type of VSD (of any size) is an absolute indication for surgical correction.

#Cardiology #Pediatrics #cardiovascular_surgery