Channel name was changed to «Nursing And Midwifery Council Of Ghana.»
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1. Most common aortic branch involved in
Takayasu arteritis : Left subclavian
2. Most common cause of respiratory
distress in newborn : Transient tachypnea of
the newborn
3. Most common location to see Asbestosis
sequale : Posterior lower lobes.
4. Most common karyotype / chromosomal
abnormality in USA : Down’s syndrome
5. Most common osseous lymphoma,
primary and secondary : Diffuse large B-cell
lymphoma
6. Most common primary malignant orbital
tumor in childhood : Rhabdomyosarcoma
7. Most common type of fluid collection in
scrotum : Hydrocele
8. Most common type of liposarcoma to
affect children : Myxoid liposarcoma
9. Most common abdominal emergency of
early childhood : Intussusception.
10. Most common acetabular fracture :
Posterior acetabulum.
11. Most common affected bowel segment in
TB : Ileocecal area.
12. Most common affected joint in gout :
First MTP.
13. Most common AIDS-related neoplasm :
Kaposi Sarcoma
14. Most common allergic aspergillosis
syndrome : Allergic bronchopulmonary
aspergillosis.
15. Most common anatomic variant of
pancreas : Pancreas divisum
16. Most common anomalous course of RCA :
Interarterial
17. Most common appearance of Legionella
at the peak of the disease : Bilateral airspace
consolidation.
18. Most common assoc. w/ Fx of great toe
distal phalanx with physeal
involvement :Osteomyelitis.
19. Most common associated anomaly with
coarctation : Bicuspid valve.
20. Most common association of PAPVR :
Sinus venosus type ASD.
21. Most common association with small left
colon syndrome : Maternal DM
22. Most common bacterial cause of
mesenteric adenitis : Yersinia enterocolitica.
23. Most common benign cardiac rhythm
abnormality : PAC
24. Most common benign cartilage-conta
ining tumor : Osteochondroma
25. Most common benign growth of the
skeleton : Osteochondroma
@bscnursing
26. Most common benign hepatic lesion :
Hemangioma
27. Most common benign hepatic tumor
during fist 6 mo. of life : Infantile
Hemangioendothelioma
28. Most common benign intraconal tumor
of the orbit in adults : Cavernous
hemangiomas.
29. Most common benign masses caused by
asbestos exposure : Atelectatic Asbestos
Pseudotumor
30. Most common benign mesenchymal
tumor of kidney : AML
31. Most common benign mucosal tumor of
the esophagus : Papilloma
32. Most common benign nasopharyngeal
tumor : Juvenile angiofibroma.
33. Most common benign orbital tumor in
childhood : Dermoid Cyst of Orbit
34. Most common benign ovarian neoplasm
in young and middle-aged women (<45
years) :Mature teratoma
35. Most common benign radiation-induced
tumor of the musculoskeletal system :
Osteochondroma
36. Most common benign rib lesion in an
adult : Fibrous dysplasia.
37. Most common benign soft-tissue tumor
of the foot : Plantar fibromatosis
38. Most common benign soft-tissue tumor
of vascular origin : Hemangioma
39. Most common benign solid tumor in
women of childbearing age : Fibroadenoma
40. Most common benign testicular mass :
Simple cyst
41. Most common benign tumor of spleen :
Hemangioma
42. Most common benign tumor of the
larynx : Squamous papilloma
43. Most common benign tumor of the lung :
Hamartoma
44. Most common benign tumor of the small
bowel : GIST
45. Most common benign vascular gastric
tumor : Glomus tumor of stomach.
46. Most common bilateral testicular tumor :
Lymphoma
47. Most common biliary complication s/p
lap. cholecystectomy : Bile duct leak from
cystic duct stump.
48. Most common biliary complication s/p
liver transplantation : Obstruction/stenosis at
anastomosis.
49. Most common bladder neoplasm in
children younger than 10 years :
Rhabdomyosarcoma
50. Most common bone to develop an
osteochondroma : Femur (tibia second most
common)
1. Most common aortic branch involved in
Takayasu arteritis : Left subclavian
2. Most common cause of respiratory
distress in newborn : Transient tachypnea of
the newborn
3. Most common location to see Asbestosis
sequale : Posterior lower lobes.
4. Most common karyotype / chromosomal
abnormality in USA : Down’s syndrome
5. Most common osseous lymphoma,
primary and secondary : Diffuse large B-cell
lymphoma
6. Most common primary malignant orbital
tumor in childhood : Rhabdomyosarcoma
7. Most common type of fluid collection in
scrotum : Hydrocele
8. Most common type of liposarcoma to
affect children : Myxoid liposarcoma
9. Most common abdominal emergency of
early childhood : Intussusception.
10. Most common acetabular fracture :
Posterior acetabulum.
11. Most common affected bowel segment in
TB : Ileocecal area.
12. Most common affected joint in gout :
First MTP.
13. Most common AIDS-related neoplasm :
Kaposi Sarcoma
14. Most common allergic aspergillosis
syndrome : Allergic bronchopulmonary
aspergillosis.
15. Most common anatomic variant of
pancreas : Pancreas divisum
16. Most common anomalous course of RCA :
Interarterial
17. Most common appearance of Legionella
at the peak of the disease : Bilateral airspace
consolidation.
18. Most common assoc. w/ Fx of great toe
distal phalanx with physeal
involvement :Osteomyelitis.
19. Most common associated anomaly with
coarctation : Bicuspid valve.
20. Most common association of PAPVR :
Sinus venosus type ASD.
21. Most common association with small left
colon syndrome : Maternal DM
22. Most common bacterial cause of
mesenteric adenitis : Yersinia enterocolitica.
23. Most common benign cardiac rhythm
abnormality : PAC
24. Most common benign cartilage-conta
ining tumor : Osteochondroma
25. Most common benign growth of the
skeleton : Osteochondroma
@bscnursing
26. Most common benign hepatic lesion :
Hemangioma
27. Most common benign hepatic tumor
during fist 6 mo. of life : Infantile
Hemangioendothelioma
28. Most common benign intraconal tumor
of the orbit in adults : Cavernous
hemangiomas.
29. Most common benign masses caused by
asbestos exposure : Atelectatic Asbestos
Pseudotumor
30. Most common benign mesenchymal
tumor of kidney : AML
31. Most common benign mucosal tumor of
the esophagus : Papilloma
32. Most common benign nasopharyngeal
tumor : Juvenile angiofibroma.
33. Most common benign orbital tumor in
childhood : Dermoid Cyst of Orbit
34. Most common benign ovarian neoplasm
in young and middle-aged women (<45
years) :Mature teratoma
35. Most common benign radiation-induced
tumor of the musculoskeletal system :
Osteochondroma
36. Most common benign rib lesion in an
adult : Fibrous dysplasia.
37. Most common benign soft-tissue tumor
of the foot : Plantar fibromatosis
38. Most common benign soft-tissue tumor
of vascular origin : Hemangioma
39. Most common benign solid tumor in
women of childbearing age : Fibroadenoma
40. Most common benign testicular mass :
Simple cyst
41. Most common benign tumor of spleen :
Hemangioma
42. Most common benign tumor of the
larynx : Squamous papilloma
43. Most common benign tumor of the lung :
Hamartoma
44. Most common benign tumor of the small
bowel : GIST
45. Most common benign vascular gastric
tumor : Glomus tumor of stomach.
46. Most common bilateral testicular tumor :
Lymphoma
47. Most common biliary complication s/p
lap. cholecystectomy : Bile duct leak from
cystic duct stump.
48. Most common biliary complication s/p
liver transplantation : Obstruction/stenosis at
anastomosis.
49. Most common bladder neoplasm in
children younger than 10 years :
Rhabdomyosarcoma
50. Most common bone to develop an
osteochondroma : Femur (tibia second most
common)
radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or a combination may be
effective.
• Lip cancer: Small lesions are excised liberally; larger lesions
may be treated by radiation therapy.
• Tongue cancer: Treated aggressively, recurrence rate is high.
Radiation and surgery (total resection or hemiglossectomy)
are performed.
• Radical neck dissection for metastases of oral cancer to
lymphatic channel in the neck region with reconstructive
surgery.
Nursing Management
Preoperative
• Assess the patient’s nutritional status preoperatively; a
dietary consultation may be necessary.
• Implement enteral (through the GI tract) or parenteral (IV)
feedings as needed to maintain adequate nutrition.
• If a radial graft is to be performed, perform an Allen test on
the donor arm must to ensure that the ulnar artery is patent
and can provide blood flow to the hand after removal of the
radial artery.
• Assess the patient’s ability to communicate in writing as ver-
bal communication may be impaired by radical surgery for
oral cancer (provide a pen and paper after surgery to patients
who can use them to communicate).
• Obtain a communication board with commonly used words
or pictures (give after surgery to patients who cannot write
so that they may point to needed items).
• Consult a speech therapist.
Postoperative
• Assess for a patent airway.
• Perform suctioning if the patient is unable to manage oral
secretions; if grafting was part of the surgery, suctioning
must be performed with care to prevent damage to the
graft.
• Assess the graft for viability; assess color (white may indi-
cate arterial occlusion, and blue mottling may indicate
venous congestion), although it can be difficult to assess the
graft by looking into the mouth.
effective.
• Lip cancer: Small lesions are excised liberally; larger lesions
may be treated by radiation therapy.
• Tongue cancer: Treated aggressively, recurrence rate is high.
Radiation and surgery (total resection or hemiglossectomy)
are performed.
• Radical neck dissection for metastases of oral cancer to
lymphatic channel in the neck region with reconstructive
surgery.
Nursing Management
Preoperative
• Assess the patient’s nutritional status preoperatively; a
dietary consultation may be necessary.
• Implement enteral (through the GI tract) or parenteral (IV)
feedings as needed to maintain adequate nutrition.
• If a radial graft is to be performed, perform an Allen test on
the donor arm must to ensure that the ulnar artery is patent
and can provide blood flow to the hand after removal of the
radial artery.
• Assess the patient’s ability to communicate in writing as ver-
bal communication may be impaired by radical surgery for
oral cancer (provide a pen and paper after surgery to patients
who can use them to communicate).
• Obtain a communication board with commonly used words
or pictures (give after surgery to patients who cannot write
so that they may point to needed items).
• Consult a speech therapist.
Postoperative
• Assess for a patent airway.
• Perform suctioning if the patient is unable to manage oral
secretions; if grafting was part of the surgery, suctioning
must be performed with care to prevent damage to the
graft.
• Assess the graft for viability; assess color (white may indi-
cate arterial occlusion, and blue mottling may indicate
venous congestion), although it can be difficult to assess the
graft by looking into the mouth.
Cancer of the Oral Cavity and Pharynx
Cancer of the oral cavity and pharynx can occur in any part
of the mouth (lips, lateral tongue, floor of mouth most com-
mon) or throat and is highly curable if discovered early. Risk
factors for cancer of the oral cavity and pharynx include cig-
arette, cigar, and pipe smoking; use of smokeless tobacco; and
excessive use of alcohol. Oral cancers are often associated with
the combined use of alcohol and tobacco. Other factors
include gender (male), age (older than 50 years), and African
American descent. Malignancies of the oral cavity are usually
squamous cell cancers.
Clinical Manifestations
• Few or no symptoms; most commonly a painless sore or mass
that will not heal.
• Typical lesion is a painful indurated ulcer with raised edges.
• As the cancer progresses, patient may complain of tender-
ness; difficulty in chewing, swallowing, or speaking; cough-
ing of blood-tinged sputum; or enlarged cervical lymph
nodes.
Assessment and Diagnostic Methods
Oral examination, assessment of cervical lymph nodes, and
biopsies of suspicious lesions (not healed within 2 weeks)
Medical Management
Management varies with the nature of the lesion, preference
of the physician, and patient choice. Resectional surgery,
Cancer of the oral cavity and pharynx can occur in any part
of the mouth (lips, lateral tongue, floor of mouth most com-
mon) or throat and is highly curable if discovered early. Risk
factors for cancer of the oral cavity and pharynx include cig-
arette, cigar, and pipe smoking; use of smokeless tobacco; and
excessive use of alcohol. Oral cancers are often associated with
the combined use of alcohol and tobacco. Other factors
include gender (male), age (older than 50 years), and African
American descent. Malignancies of the oral cavity are usually
squamous cell cancers.
Clinical Manifestations
• Few or no symptoms; most commonly a painless sore or mass
that will not heal.
• Typical lesion is a painful indurated ulcer with raised edges.
• As the cancer progresses, patient may complain of tender-
ness; difficulty in chewing, swallowing, or speaking; cough-
ing of blood-tinged sputum; or enlarged cervical lymph
nodes.
Assessment and Diagnostic Methods
Oral examination, assessment of cervical lymph nodes, and
biopsies of suspicious lesions (not healed within 2 weeks)
Medical Management
Management varies with the nature of the lesion, preference
of the physician, and patient choice. Resectional surgery,