Private Equity 101
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Private Capital, Private Equity & Private Debt
Fund accounting, Fund administration, Fund raise
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A limited partner (“Investor”) in a private equity fund (“Fund”) will often enter into a letter agreement (“Side Letter”) with the Fund that modifies the terms of the Fund’s limited partnership agreement (“LPA”) as they apply to the specific Investor. Through an LPA or a Side Letter, a Fund may grant an Investor rights in connection with certain investments made by the Fund that conflict with the Investor's internal investment policy restrictions.
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Private Equity related abbreviations

AIF alternative investment fund
AIFM alternative investment fund manager
AIFMD Alternative Investment Fund Managers Directive
AIM alternative investment market
ALM asset liability management
AUM assets under management
CAGR compound annual growth rate
CAPEX capital expenditures
CAPM capital asset pricing model
CCF capital cash flow
CDO collateralized debt obligation
CLO collateralized loan obligation
CMBS commercial mortgage-backed securities
DCF discounted cash flow
DPI distribution to paid-in-capital
EBITDA earnings before interest, tax, depreciation, and amortization
ESG environment, social, and governance
ETFs exchange-traded funds
EVCA European Private Equity and Venture Capital Association
FATCA Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act
FCF free cash flow
FINRA Financial Industry Regulatory Authority
GDP gross domestic product
GFC global financial crisis
GLPEI Global Listed Private Equity Index
GP general partner
HNWI high net worth individual
ILPA Institutional Limited Partners Association
IPO initial public offering
IRR internal rate of return
IRS Internal Revenue Service
LBO leveraged buyout
LP limited partner
LPA limited partnership agreement
LPE listed private equity
LPEQ Listed Private Equity Association
LTV loan-to-value
M&A mergers and acquisition
MBO management buyout
MIRR modified internal rate of return
MPT modern portfolio theory
NAV net asset value
NPV net present value
NVCA National Venture Capital Association
OCC Office of the Comptroller of the Currency
OCIE Office of Compliance Inspections and Examinations
PEGCC Private Equity Growth Capital Council
PEPI Private Equity Performance Index
PER price-to-earnings ratio
PIK payment in kind
PIPE private investment in public equity
PME public market equivalent
PPM private placement memorandum
PrEQIn Private Equity Quarterly Index
PTPE publicly traded private equity
REIT real estate investment trust
RIC regulated investment company
RLBO reversed leveraged buyout
ROC return on capital
ROE return on equity
RV residual value
RVPI residual value to paid-in
SBA Small Business Administration
SBO secondary buyouts
SBICs small business investment companies
SCF simple cash flow
SEC Securities and Exchange Commission
SPAC special purpose acquisition corporation
SPE special purpose entity
TVPI total value to paid-in
TWR time weighted return
VaR value-at-risk
VC venture capital
VCs venture capitalists
VCT venture capital trust
WACC weighted average cost of capital
The World's 25 largest PE firms
Annex Funds

The “annex” fund is generally used to raise new capital for investments in existing portfolio companies of the flagship (main) fund. Managers that form annex funds will usually cause the vehicle to offer interests first to existing investors on a pro rata basis and then to third-party investors.

The terms of annex funds usually include a significantly reduced management fee and performance-based compensation terms that net profits and losses of the annex fund against profits and losses of the flagship fund for purposes of determining the manager’s carried interest.
Top-Up Funds

A close relative of the annex fund, the “top-up” or “overage”fund is a product that invests alongside the undrawn commitments of the flagship fund in new investments.
As top-up funds are often an easier sell to investors, they tend to have more typical fee terms, but, generally, no management fees are charged until capital is drawn.
“Sidecar” Co-Investment Funds

Managers typically expressly disclose to their flagship fund investors the prospect that, if an investment is deemed too large or otherwise inappropriate for the fund, the opportunity to co-invest alongside the flagship fund may be given to other products of the manager or third parties.

A “sidecar” is a co-investment vehicle established by a manager to invest in one or more such “co-investment opportunities”. Sometimes “overflow fund” is the term used for those sidecars whose mandate covers multiple co-investment opportunities.

#sidecar
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