🔆 Kunchikal Waterfalls

📍 Location
✅ Nidagodu village, near Masthikatte
✅ Shimoga district, Karnataka

📍 Key Facts
✅ Highest waterfall in India
✅ Total height: ~455 metres (World Waterfall Database)
✅ Cascades down steep rocky boulders

📍 River
✅ Formed by the Varahi River

📍 Additional Notes
✅ Located in the Western Ghats region
✅ Best viewed during monsoon season
✅ Flow regulated due to upstream hydel projects

#places_in_news

Join https://t.me/Mapping_prelims_mains

Padma awards 2026

Padma awards 2026

Day 39: 26 January target:

Modern History
Topics:
Indian National Movement

Current Affairs: August and September 2025. Revision-
Social Issues, History, Art and culture related

#UpscRevisionProgram

After completion of target post 'DONE'
In comment section. Targets are decided as per practical approach. In remaining time, you can study whatever you want.
Thank you.

https://t.me/CSE_EXAM
https://t.me/upsc_answer_written

🔆 CURRENT AFFAIRS — 24 JANUARY 2026

🔆 RBI / MONETARY & FINANCIAL

📍 Wage & Pension Revision
✅ GoI approves wage & pension revision for PSGICs, NABARD & RBI
✅ Effective date: 1 Aug 2022

📍 PSGICs (Public Sector General Insurance Companies)
✅ Overall wage bill hike: 12.41%
✅ Salary hike: 14% (Basic + DA)
✅ NPS contribution:
➡ Earlier: 10% → Revised: 14%
✅ Financial impact: ₹8,170.30 crore

📍 NABARD Pay Revision
✅ Effective: 1 Nov 2022
✅ Pay hike: ~20%
✅ Applicable to Group A, B & C employees

📍 RBI Pension Revision
✅ Effective: 1 Nov 2022
✅ Revision: 10% increase in Basic Pension + Dearness Relief

📍 State Finances
✅ States’ consolidated Gross Fiscal Deficit (GFD) tops 3% in FY24 (after 3 years)
📍 RBI – State Finances Report 2025–26
✅ States GFD FY25: 3.3% of GDP
📍 Reason for breach:
➡ 50-year interest-free Centre loans

📍 Financial Awareness
✅ 2/3rd domestic households aware of securities products – SEBI Investor Survey 2025
📍 Key Findings:
✅ Awareness: 63% households
✅ Actual investors: 9.5% (32.1 million)
📍 High awareness states:
➡ Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Delhi
📍 Low awareness:
➡ UP, Bihar, Jharkhand, North-East

🔆 BANKING & FINANCE

📍 FDI Trends
✅ India’s FDI inflows rise 73% to $47 bn in 2025 – UNCTAD
📍 Key sectors:
➡ Services, IT, R&D, Manufacturing

📍 Global FDI 2025
✅ Total: $1.6 trillion (+14%)
✅ Developed economies: $728 bn (+43%)
✅ Developing economies: $871 bn (–2%)

📍 Infrastructure Finance
✅ World Bank approves $815 million for Tata Power–backed Dholera Hydro Project

🔆 INTERNATIONAL

📍 Fourth Industrial Revolution
✅ WEF to launch 5 new Centres for 4IR
📍 Locations:
➡ India (Andhra Pradesh)
➡ France, UK, UAE

📍 TomTom Traffic Index 2025
✅ Released by TomTom (Netherlands)
📍 World’s Top Congested Cities:
➡ Mexico City, Bengaluru, Dublin, Łódź, Pune
📍 India – Top 5:
➡ Bengaluru, Pune, Mumbai, New Delhi, Kolkata
✅ Most congested Indian metro: Mumbai

📍 Global Education Rankings
✅ World University Rankings by Subject 2026 – THE
📍 Highlights:
✅ MIT ranks #1 in Arts & Humanities, Business & Economics, Social Sciences
✅ IISc Bengaluru: 96th in Computer Science

📍 Environment Finance
✅ UNEP Report – State of Finance for Nature 2026
⚠️ For every $1 spent on protecting nature, $30 goes into destruction

🔆 NATIONAL

📍 Energy Security
✅ India to host 4th India Energy Week
📍 Date & Venue: 27–30 Jan 2026, Goa
📍 Announced by: Hardeep Singh Puri
📍 Participation: 17 countries
📍 Objective:
➡ Energy security
➡ Sustainable & affordable energy

🔆 DEFENCE

📍 AI in Defence
✅ Indian Army signs MoU with IISc Bengaluru
📍 Objective:
✅ Develop fully indigenous AI-based systems
✅ Address emerging challenges in digital information warfare

🔆 MoUs

📍 Energy Cooperation
✅ BPCL signs $780 million oil deal with Brazil’s Petrobras
📍 Volume: 12 million barrels

🔆 STATES

📍 Arunachal Pradesh
✅ Hosts Namsai–Pangsau PowerDrive 2026
📍 Theme:
➡ “Daring to Push Boundaries, Celebrating Culture”

📍 Odisha
✅ Imposes complete ban on:
➡ Gutkha
➡ Pan Masala
➡ Tobacco products

📍 GI & ODOP
✅ GI-tagged Kaladi to be upscaled under ODOP
📍 Origin:
➡ Udhampur district, Jammu & Kashmir
📍 Focus:
➡ Tech-enabled value-added Kaladi products

📍 Obituary
✅ Karnataka-born environmentalist Krishna Mekani passes away at 66 (Singapore)

🔆 AWARDS / BOOKS

📍 Literature
✅ Banaras Lit Fest Book Awards 2026 announced
📍 Date: 30 Jan – 2 Feb 2026
📍 Awards:
✅ Ruskin Bond Award → Shinjie Antony
✅ Sarojini Naidu Award → Abhay K.

📍 International Peace Award
✅ Indira Gandhi Prize for Peace, Disarmament & Development
➡ Winner: Graça Machel (Mozambique)

🔆 SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

📍 Space & EO Satellites
✅ Pixxel-led consortium wins India’s first private national EO satellite project
📍 Agreement with:
➡ IN-SPACe

📍 Satellite Internet
✅ Blue Origin (Jeff Bezos) to deploy TerraWave satellite network
📍 Deployment start: Q4 2027
📍 Satellites planned: 3,408

#CurrentAffairs

🔆 CURRENT AFFAIRS — JANUARY 2026 (WEEK–3)

📅 12–17 JANUARY 2026

🔆 ECONOMY & BANKING

📍 Growth & Inflation
✅ Deloitte projects GDP growth: 7.5–7.8% (FY26)
✅ Retail inflation (Dec): 1.66%
✅ WPI inflation rises to 0.83% (8-month high)

📍 Exports
✅ India’s exports cross USD 634 billion (Apr–Dec 2025)
✅ Growth: ~4.3%

📍 FDI
✅ India attracts USD 51 billion FDI in last 6 months

🔆 REGULATORY / RBI / SEBI

📍 NBFC Regulation
✅ RBI may revise Upper Layer NBFC list by mid-2026
✅ Upper Layer NBFCs subject to higher scrutiny & listing norms

📍 FEMA Reforms
✅ New FEMA (Guarantees) Regulations, 2026 notified
✅ Principle-based, wider automatic route
✅ Mandatory quarterly reporting via Form GRN

📍 Ombudsman Reforms
✅ RBI authorises compensation up to ₹30 lakh
✅ No monetary limit on disputes
✅ Effective from 1 July 2026

📍 SEBI – Ease of Doing Business
✅ Compliance rationalisation for exchanges
✅ Bulk/block deals disclosure shifted to PAN-level
✅ Market-making via principle-based LES

🔆 NATIONAL AFFAIRS

📍 Internal Security
✅ Launch of National IED Data Management System (NIDMS)
✅ Managed by NSG, covers IED incidents since 1999

📍 Agriculture & Fisheries
✅ Fish production reaches 197.75 lakh tonnes
✅ India remains 2nd largest fish producer
✅ Contribution: 7.43% of Agri-GVA

📍 Exports Promotion
✅ APEDA opens regional office in Raipur (Chhattisgarh)
✅ Boosts GI & agri-exports

📍 Digital Governance
✅ BHASHINI Samudaye Workshop held
✅ Focus on Indian language AI & crowdsourced datasets

📍 Infrastructure & Energy
✅ Approval for Kamala Hydroelectric Project (Arunachal Pradesh)
✅ Cost: ₹26,070 crore, Implemented by NHPC

🔆 INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS

📍 Global Risks
✅ WEF Global Risks Report 2026 released
✅ Top short-term risk: Geoeconomic confrontation
✅ Long-term risks: climate extremes, biodiversity loss

📍 Diplomacy
✅ India participates in Weimar Triangle dialogue
✅ Members: France, Germany, Poland

📍 India–Sri Lanka
✅ First India-funded Bailey Bridge opened
✅ Built under Operation Sagar Bandhu

🔆 DEFENCE & SECURITY

📍 Missile Technology
✅ DRDO tests 3rd-Gen MPATGM
✅ Fire-and-forget, top-attack capability

📍 Logistics
✅ Indian Army launches DIME platform
✅ Real-time inventory & logistics forecasting

📍 Exercises
✅ Exercise Sanjha Shakti conducted (civil-military coordination)

🔆 SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

📍 Space
✅ Lachit-1 launched – Northeast India’s first satellite
✅ Built by Assam Don Bosco University

📍 Robotics
✅ SCORP unveiled – India’s first legged mobile manipulator

📍 AI & Climate
✅ Microsoft purchases 2.85 million soil carbon credits
✅ World’s largest such deal

🔆 ENVIRONMENT & BIODIVERSITY

📍 Wildlife Conservation
✅ Indian Skimmer Conservation Project launched (BNHS)
✅ IUCN status: Endangered

📍 Archaeology
✅ Zehanpora Buddhist complex excavated (J&K)
✅ Kushan-era, Silk Route link

🔆 STATES

📍 Kerala
✅ Aralam declared first Butterfly Sanctuary

📍 Karnataka
✅ Launch of ‘Akka Pade’ Scheme for women safety

📍 Gujarat
✅ Essar to invest ₹5,100 crore in bio-fuel project

🔆 IMPORTANT DAYS

📍 National Youth Day – 12 January
✅ Birth anniversary of Swami Vivekananda

🔆 APPOINTMENTS & AWARDS

📍 UN
✅ D. B. Venkatesh Varma appointed Chair, UN Advisory Board on Disarmament

📍 Awards
✅ Italy confers Order of the Star of Italy on Shrinivas Dempo

🔆 SPORTS

📍 Cricket
✅ Virat Kohli becomes 2nd highest international run-scorer

📍 Khelo India
✅ Beach Games conclude – Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Manipur on top

🔖 #CurrentAffairs

Join https://t.me/CurrentAffairs_ONLY

Swift

Join https://t.me/CSE_EXAM

🔆 Important Folk Dances of India

📍 Andhra Pradesh
✅ Dhimsa | Kolattam | Butta Bommalu

📍 Arunachal Pradesh
✅ Ponung (Adi – harvest) | Tapu (war dance) | Pakku Ittu (Apatani) | Rikhampada (Nyishi)

📍 Assam
✅ Bihu | Bagarumba (Bodo) | Oja-Pali | Jhumura Hobjanai

📍 Bihar
✅ Bidesia | Jat-Jatin | Jogira | Chaiti

📍 Chhattisgarh
✅ Saila (post-harvest) | Suwa/Soowa (parrot) | Gaur Maria

📍 Goa
✅ Tarangamel | Ghode-Modni | Perni Jagor | Fugdi | Romta Mel

📍 Gujarat
✅ Dandiya Raas | Tippani | Rathwa Ni Gher | Dhol Rano | Dhamaal (Siddhis)

📍 Haryana
✅ Phag | Swang | Dhamyal

📍 Himachal Pradesh
✅ Dandras | Chharba | Chham Chhanak

📍 Jharkhand
✅ Paika | Mardani Jhumar | Saraikela Chhau

📍 Karnataka
✅ Yakshagana | Dollu Kunitha | Veeragase | Hulivesha | Bhoota Kola

📍 Kerala
✅ Thullal | Padayani | Chakyar Koothu | Kutiyattam (UNESCO)

📍 Madhya Pradesh
✅ Jawara | Matki | Baredi | Bhagoria | Padharuni

📍 Maharashtra
✅ Lavani | Povada | Dhangari Gaja

📍 Manipur
✅ Thang-Ta | Lai Haraoba | Jagoi | Thabal Chongba

📍 Meghalaya
✅ Nongkrem | Chad Sukra | Chambil Moa

📍 Mizoram
✅ Cheraw (Bamboo Dance) | Khuallam | Chheih Lam

📍 Nagaland
✅ Chang Lo | Zeliang | Aoliyattu | Butterfly Dance

📍 Odisha
✅ Dalkhai | Mayurbhanj Chhau | Ghumura | Danda Nata

📍 Punjab
✅ Bhangra | Giddha | Luddi | Gatka

📍 Rajasthan
✅ Ghoomar | Kalbelia | Bhavai | Terah Taali

📍 Sikkim
✅ Singhi Chham | Lepcha Dance | Bhutia Dance

📍 Tamil Nadu
✅ Karakattam | Kummi | Kolattam | Mayil Attam | Theru Koothu

📍 Telangana
✅ Perini Sivatandavam | Chindu Bhagavatam

📍 Tripura
✅ Hozagiri | Garia | Lebang Boomani

📍 Uttarakhand
✅ Langvir Nritya | Chholiya | Chanchari

📍 West Bengal
✅ Purulia Chhau | Alkap | Baul | Rabindra Nritya

📍 Ladakh
✅ Jabro | Shondol | Tukhstanmo | Koshan

#prelims
#art_and_culture

https://t.me/Studytoday1
https://t.me/upsc_art_and_culture

Day 40 : 27 January target:

Modern History
Topics:
Sociol and cultural awakening
Working class movements
Peasants, tribal rebellion, etc

Current Affairs: October and November 2025
Revision
Social issues, history, art and culture related

#UpscRevisionProgram

After completion of target post 'DONE'
In comment section. Targets are decided as per practical approach. In remaining time, you can study whatever you want.
Thank you.


https://t.me/CSE_EXAM
https://t.me/upsc_answer_written

#Goodmorning 

⏳117 days  left CSP26[ 24-05-26]
⏳206 days left CSM26 [ 21-08-26]

⏳173 days left CAPF AC 19 July
⏳132 days Left OPSC prelims 07 June
⏳125 days  left MPSC (MH) prelims [ 31-05-26]
⏳RAS PRELIMS may
⏳89  days Left MPPSC (MP) Prelims 26 April
⏳89  days Left HCS Prelims 26 April
⏳88 days Left bpsc mains 25 April
⏳75 days Left CDS1 /NDA 12 April
⏳63 days Left PPSC mains 1 April
⏳42 days Left JPSC PRELIMS 8 March
⏳26 days CGPSC prelims 22 February

#Target
#TargetOnlyone
#Accountability

https://t.me/anmolvachan1

🔆 ISRO Satellites – Quick Revision (Prelims Ready)

📍 Communication Satellites
✅ CMS-01
• Launched: 2017
• Use: Broadband connectivity, satellite newsgathering

✅ GSAT-7A (Angry Bird)
• Launched: 2018
• Use: Secure communication & broadband for remote areas (defence support)

✅ GSAT-11
• Launched: 2018
• Use: High-throughput broadband services

📍 Earth Observation Satellites
✅ OCEANSAT-3
• Launched: 2022
• Use: Oceanography, atmosphere, weather forecasting, climate monitoring

✅ RISAT-2
• Launched: 2019
• Type: Radar imaging satellite
• Use: Earth observation, disaster management, agriculture

📍 Navigation Satellite
✅ NAVIC (Navigation with Indian Constellation)
• India’s regional navigation system
• Provides: Positioning, navigation & timing services over India + neighbourhood

📍 Sun Study Mission
✅ ADITYA-L1
• Launched: 2023
• Location: L1 Lagrange Point
• Study: Solar corona, solar wind & space weather

#GS3
#prelims
#science_technology
#science_and_technology

Join https://t.me/PIB_UPSC
https://t.me/upsc_science_and_technology

🔆 CURRENT AFFAIRS — 26 JANUARY 2026

🔆 REGULATORY / RBI

📍 Forex Reserves Surge
✅ India’s forex reserves rise by $14 bn (week ending 16 Jan 2026)
✅ Highest weekly rise in 10 months
📍 Key Figures:
✅ Total reserves: $701.3 bn (13-week high)
✅ Previous week: $687 bn
✅ Record high: $705 bn (Sept 2024)

📍 Components
✅ FCA: +$9.6 bn → $560 bn
✅ Gold: +$4.6 bn
✅ SDR: −$35 mn → $18.7 bn
✅ IMF reserve position: −$73 mn → $4.6 bn

📍 Reason for Increase
✅ $10 bn buy/sell swap settlement
✅ Revaluation gains (gold prices & dollar assets)

🔆 INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS

📍 WEF Report on AI & Jobs
✅ WEF white paper: “Four Futures for Jobs in the New Economy”
📍 Key Findings:
✅ 54% executives expect job displacement
✅ Only 24% expect new job creation
📍 Four AI Futures:
✅ Supercharged Progress
✅ Co-Pilot Economy
✅ Age of Displacement
✅ Stalled Progress

📍 UNESCO – Vietnam
✅ UNESCO announces $740,000 emergency aid
📍 Purpose:
✅ Protect cultural heritage & education
📍 Affected by typhoons:
✅ Wipha, Bualoi, Matmo
📍 Heritage sites:
✅ Hue, Hoi An

🔆 NATIONAL AFFAIRS

📍 Padma Shri – Unsung Heroes
✅ 45 citizens awarded Padma Shri (Republic Day 2026)
✅ Recognised for grassroots contributions

📍 Republic Day 2026
✅ Chief Guests:
➡ Antonio Costa (European Council)
➡ Ursula von der Leyen (European Commission)
📍 Theme:
✅ 150 Years of Vande Mataram

📍 Federated Intelligence Hackathon
✅ Organised by National Health Authority
📍 Venue: IIT Kanpur
📍 Focus:
✅ Health AI digital public goods
✅ Privacy-preserving federated AI

📍 Veer Gatha 5.0
✅ Awards ceremony held in New Delhi
📍 Initiative of:
✅ Ministry of Defence + Ministry of Education
📍 Winners:
✅ ₹10,000 prize
✅ Invitation to Republic Day Parade

📍 Cultural Heritage
✅ President inaugurates Granth Kutir at Rashtrapati Bhavan
📍 Features:
✅ Manuscripts & rare books
✅ 11 classical Indian languages
📍 Linked to:
✅ Gyan Bharatam Mission

📍 Renewable Energy Storage
✅ India targets 100 GW pumped hydro storage by 2047
📍 Purpose:
✅ Renewable energy integration
✅ Grid stability

📍 Climate-Resilient Agriculture
✅ Digital Climate Atlas (ACASA-India) launched
📍 NICRA completes 15 years
📍 Coverage:
✅ 200+ locations
✅ 151 climate-vulnerable districts

📍 Railway Safety Tech
✅ Indian Railways deploys humanoid robot ASC ARJUN
📍 Location: Visakhapatnam station
📍 Functions:
✅ Crowd monitoring
✅ Multilingual announcements
✅ Passenger assistance

📍 EdTech Startup
✅ AI-first edtech startup Fermi.ai launched
📍 Founders:
✅ Peeyush Ranjan
✅ Mukesh Bansal
📍 Focus:
✅ Conceptual STEM learning

🔆 DEFENCE

📍 Indian Navy – Indonesia Visit
✅ Training squadron visits Indonesia
📍 Linked to:
✅ Indian Ocean Naval Symposium
✅ MAHASAGAR vision

🔆 MoUs

📍 Renewable Energy Investment
✅ INOXGFL signs ₹17,000 cr MoUs
📍 States:
➡ Uttar Pradesh
➡ Assam
➡ Kerala
📍 Signed at:
✅ WEF Davos Summit

🔆 STATES

📍 Andhra Pradesh
✅ Venkaiah Naidu launches Sujana Health on Wheels
📍 Purpose:
✅ Doorstep healthcare via mobile vans

🔆 SCHEMES

📍 PM SVANidhi Credit Card
✅ Launched for street vendors
📍 Features:
✅ RuPay credit card
✅ Limit: ₹30,000
✅ Revolving credit
📍 Objective:
✅ Financial inclusion
✅ Reduce informal borrowing

🔆 IMPORTANT DAYS

📍 24 January
✅ National Girl Child Day
✅ International Day of Education

📍 25 January
✅ National Voters’ Day

🔆 OBITUARY

📍 Journalism
✅ Veteran journalist Mark Tully passes away at 90

🔆 AWARDS

📍 Padma Awards 2026
✅ Total awards: 131
📍 Padma Vibhushan: 5
📍 Padma Bhushan: 13
📍 Padma Shri: 113
📍 Notable awardees:
✅ Uday Kotak
✅ Dharmendra
✅ Rohit Sharma

📍 UP Gaurav Samman 2026
✅ Shubhanshu Shukla
✅ Alakh Pandey
✅ Dr Hariom Panwar
✅ Rashmi Arya
✅ Dr Sudhanshu Singh

🔆 SPORTS

📍 ICC T20 World Cup 2026
✅ Scotland replaces Bangladesh
📍 Reason:
✅ Bangladesh declined participation
📍 ICC applied governance & qualification rules

📍 Tennis
✅ Novak Djokovic achieves 400 Grand Slam match wins
📍 First player in history
📍 Achieved at:
✅ Australian Open

#CurrentAffairs

Join https://t.me/CurrentAffairs_ONLY

🔆 Europeans in India – Quick Comparison (Prelims Ready)

📍 Portuguese East India Company
✅ Arrival: 1498 (Vasco da Gama)
✅ HQ: Goa
✅ Key Centres: Calicut (1500), Cochin (1503), Goa (1510), Diu (1535)
✅ First Factory: Calicut (1500)
✅ Exit from India: 1961

📍 Dutch East India Company (VOC)
✅ Established: 1602
✅ HQ: Pulicat (later Nagapattinam)
✅ Key Centres: Pulicat (1609), Surat (1616), Chinsurah (1653), Cochin (1663)
✅ First Factory: Masulipatnam (1605)
✅ Exit from India: 1825

📍 English East India Company (EIC)
✅ Established: 1600
✅ HQ: Calcutta (later Delhi under Crown Rule)
✅ Key Centres: Surat (1612), Madras (1639), Bombay (1668), Calcutta (1690)
✅ First Factory: Surat (1613)
✅ Company Rule ended: 1858
✅ British left India: 1947

📍 Danish East India Company
✅ Established: 1616
✅ HQ: Tranquebar
✅ Key Centres: Tranquebar (1620), Serampore (1755)
✅ First Factory: Tranquebar (1620)
✅ Exit from India: 1845 (sold to British)

📍 French East India Company
✅ Established: 1664
✅ HQ: Pondicherry (Puducherry)
✅ Key Centres: Chandernagore (1673), Pondicherry (1674), Mahe, Yanam, Karaikal
✅ First Factory: Surat (1668)
✅ Exit from India: 1954

📌 Exam Tip:
👉 English stayed the longest in power; Portuguese stayed the longest physically (till 1961).

#history #prelims #mains

Join https://t.me/CSE_EXAM https://t.me/Upsc_4_history

Bio technology

Join https://t.me/Anmolvachan_pdf