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🚩UPPCS 2024 INTERVIEW DATE OUT !!

Start Date - 16th Feb, 2026
End Date - 20 March, 2026

🔆 RDI Fund – First Open Call Launched

📍 News
✅ Ministry of Science & Technology launched the first Open Call under the Research, Development and Innovation (RDI) Fund
📅 05 Feb 2026
📍 Implemented through Technology Development Board (TDB)

📍 Focus of First Open Call
✅ Supports projects at Technology Readiness Level (TRL) 4 and above

📍 What is TRL?
✅ TRL (Technology Readiness Level) measures the maturity of a technology
✅ Originally introduced by NASA
✅ Scale ranges from:
• TRL-1: Basic idea / concept stage
• TRL-9: Fully proven, market-ready technology

📍 About RDI Fund
✅ A Special Purpose Fund under the RDI Scheme
✅ Flagship initiative of the Department of Science and Technology (DST)

📍 Objective
✅ Accelerate investment in India’s RDI ecosystem
✅ Support private enterprises, startups, and industries in sunrise & strategic sectors
✅ Transform ideas into globally competitive technologies and products

📍 Corpus & Funding Structure
✅ ₹1 lakh crore corpus over 6 years

📍 Modes of Funding
✅ Loans:
• Long-tenure
• Collateral-free
• Up to 50% of fund requirement

✅ Equity Participation:
• Up to 25% of assistance sought

✅ Debt–Equity Conversion:
• Allowed at a later stage

📍 Priority Sectors
✅ Energy Security, Energy Transition & Climate Change
✅ Deep Technology (Quantum, Robotics, Space)
✅ Artificial Intelligence for Indian Applications
✅ Biotechnology & Medical Technologies
✅ Digital Economy & Digital Agriculture

#goverment_schemes

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🔆 Evolution of Wireless Telecom Technology: From 1G to 6G
(Science & Technology | Prelims Ready)

📍 1G (First Generation)
✅ Key Features: Analog system, poor voice quality, limited roaming
✅ Latency: Higher latency
✅ Wave Spectrum: Low frequency (30 MHz – 1 GHz)

📍 2G (Second Generation)
✅ Key Features: Improved voice quality, SMS/MMS, roaming enabled
✅ Latency: 200–400 ms
✅ Wave Spectrum: 900 MHz & 1800 MHz

📍 3G (Third Generation)
✅ Key Features: Mobile TV, online radio, video calling
✅ Latency: 100–300 ms
✅ Wave Spectrum: 1.8 – 2.5 GHz

📍 4G (Fourth Generation)
✅ Key Features: LTE, VoLTE, VoWiFi for better call quality
✅ Latency: 20–40 ms
✅ Wave Spectrum: 600 MHz – 2.7 GHz

📍 5G (Fifth Generation)
✅ Key Features: High throughput, ideal for IoT
✅ Latency: Ultra-low (as low as 1 ms)
✅ Wave Spectrum:
• Sub-6 GHz bands (≈ 410 MHz – 7.125 GHz)
• mmWave bands above 24 GHz (24–40 GHz)

📍 6G (Sixth Generation – Future)
✅ Key Features: Data rates >100 Gbps, AI integration, massive connectivity
✅ Latency: Potentially < 1 ms
✅ Wave Spectrum: 100 GHz – 1 THz (Terahertz bands)

📌 Prelims Takeaway:
➡️ Evolution shows falling latency, rising data rates, and shift from low-frequency bands → mmWave → terahertz spectrum.

#GS3
#prelims
#science_technology
#science_and_technology

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🔆 IMPORTANT FOLK DANCES OF INDIA
(Art & Culture | Prelims Ready)

📍 ANDHRA PRADESH
✅ Dhimsa, Kolattam, Butta Bommalu

📍 ARUNACHAL PRADESH
✅ Ponung (harvest dance – Adi tribe)
✅ Tapu Dance (war dance – males, Aran festival)
✅ Pakku Itu (Apatani tribe – protection of seedlings)
✅ Rikhamapada (Nyishi tribe)

📍 ASSAM
✅ Oja-Pali, Bihu, Bagurumba (Bodo tribe), Jhumura Hobjanai

📍 BIHAR
✅ Biraha, Jat-Jatin, Jogira, Chaiti

📍 CHHATTISGARH
✅ Saila (post-harvest), Suwa/Soowa (parrot dance), Gaur Maria (Bastar)

📍 GOA
✅ Tarangamel (Dussehra & Holi)
✅ Ghode Modni (martial + horse dance, Shigmo)
✅ Perni Jagar (ancient mask dance)
✅ Ranmale, Romta Mel, Fugdi

📍 GUJARAT
✅ Tippani, Rathwani Gher, Dandiya Raas, Dhol Rano
✅ Dhamal of Siddhis, Shikaar Nritya, Gheriya Nritya, Aalenia-Haaleni

📍 HARYANA
✅ Phag (farmers’ dance), Swang, Dhamyal

📍 HIMACHAL PRADESH
✅ Dandras, Charba, Chham Chhanak

📍 JHARKHAND
✅ Mardani Jhumar, Paika Dance, Saraikela Chhau

📍 KARNATAKA
✅ Yakshagana (Song of Yaksha – UPSC 2014)
✅ Dollu Kunitha, Veeragase, Ummatt-aat, Bayalata
✅ Kamsale, Hulivesha (Tiger dance)
✅ Buta Kola (natara movie), Gaarudi Gombe, Joodu Haligi

📍 KERALA
✅ Chakyar Koothu, Nangyar Koothu
✅ Koodiyattam (UNESCO heritage)
✅ Pandayani, Thullal

📍 MADHYA PRADESH
✅ Swang, Jawara, Matki, Baredi, Naurata
✅ Ahirai, Bhagoria, Pardhauni

📍 MAHARASHTRA
✅ Dhangari Gaja, Lavani, Povada

📍 MANIPUR
✅ Thang-Ta (UPSC 2018)
✅ Kartal Cholom, Jagoi, Thabal Chongba
✅ Tandan Pheichak, Lai Chingthokpa
✅ Lai Haraoba – base of all stylised Manipuri dances

📍 MEGHALAYA
✅ Nongkrem, Chad Laho
✅ Chad Sukra (sowing festival)
✅ Chad Pliang (plate dance)
✅ Ajema Roa (Garo), Chambil Moa, Napsepgrika

📍 MIZORAM
✅ Cheraw, Chheih Lam, So Laka, Khuallam

📍 NAGALAND
✅ Aluyattu, Agurshikukula, Butterfly Dance
✅ Changai, Leshalaptu, Modse
✅ Monyoasho, Sadal Kekai, Moyashai
✅ Khupielilie, Zeliang Dance, Chang Lo

📍 ODISHA
✅ Dalkhai, Mayurbhanj Chhau, Danda Jatra, Ranapa, Ghumura

📍 PUNJAB
✅ Bhangra, Giddha, Luddi, Julli, Gatka

📍 RAJASTHAN
✅ Bhavai, Ghoomar, Kalbelia, Terah Taali

📍 SIKKIM
✅ Bhutia Dance, Lepcha Dance, Singhi Chham

📍 TAMIL NADU
✅ Karakattam, Kummi, Kolattam
✅ Mayil Aattam, Poikkal Kudurai Aattam
✅ Theru Koothu, Ottan Koothu, Sevai Attam

📍 TELANGANA
✅ Perini Sivatandavam, Chindu Bhagavatham

📍 TRIPURA
✅ Hoza Giri, Dhamail, Maimata, Garia
✅ Lebang Bomani, SangraiMogh Dance
✅ Chawn Lam, Mosak Sumani
✅ Pheiphit Lam, Waikhong Lam
✅ Lam-Lam, Dar-Lam, Khonglaam Dance

📍 UTTARAKHAND
✅ Langvir Nritya, Chhamfuli, Chholia
✅ Chanchari, Jhora (Kumaon), Hurkiya Baul

📍 WEST BENGAL
✅ Purulia Chhau, Gaudiya Nritya
✅ Alkap, Rabindra Nritya, Dhali
✅ Raibenshe, Bratachari, Kali Naach, Baul Dance

📍 LADAKH
✅ Jabro, Tukhstammo, Shondol, Shon, Koshan

#prelims
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🔆 FORGE Initiative (Forum on Resource, Geostrategic Engagement)
(International Relations | Critical Minerals)

📍 Context
✅ United States announced the launch of FORGE
✅ Announced during the inaugural Critical Minerals Ministerial
✅ Ministerial hosted in Washington DC
✅ Participation of 50+ countries, including India
✅ Aim: Strengthen cooperation to secure & diversify global critical mineral supply chains

📍 About FORGE

✅ Successor to MSP (Minerals Security Partnership)
• MSP focused on strengthening critical mineral supply chains to support economic prosperity and climate goals

✅ Objective
• Enable policy-level and project-level collaboration among partner countries
• Build diversified, resilient, and secure critical mineral supply chains

📍 Why it Matters

✅ Critical minerals are essential for:
• Clean energy transition (EVs, batteries, renewables)
• Advanced technologies
• Strategic & defence industries

✅ Reduces overdependence on limited suppliers
✅ Enhances geostrategic cooperation among like-minded countries

📌 Prelims Pointers
✅ FORGE = Successor to MSP
✅ Focus: Critical minerals security
✅ Platform: Multilateral cooperation

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🔆 Different Sects under Shaivism
(Art & Culture | Indian Philosophy)

📍 Nathpanthi
✅ Follow teachings of Gorakhnath and Matsyendranath
✅ Worship Adinath (a form of Shiva)
✅ Practice Hatha Yoga; monks wear loin cloth/dhoti and smear ashes
✅ Wandering ascetics; do not stay long at one place
✅ Maintain a sacred fire called Dhuni
✅ Also known as Siddha Siddanta

📍 Lingayatism
✅ Distinct Shaivite tradition believing in monotheism
✅ Worship Lord Shiva in the form of Linga
✅ Established in 12th century AD by Basava
✅ Rejects authority of the Vedas and caste system
✅ Also known as Veerashaivism
✅ Questioned the theory of rebirth
📌 (UPSC 2016)

📍 Dashanami Sanyasis
✅ Associated with Advaita Vedanta tradition
✅ Disciples of Adi Shankaracharya
✅ Known as “Dash Nam Sanyasi”
✅ Divided into 10 monastic groups

📍 Aghoris
✅ Devotees of Shiva as Bhairava
✅ Monists seeking liberation from the cycle of reincarnation
✅ Practice sadhana on cremation grounds
✅ Believe in removal of worldly bonds like lust, anger, greed, fear, hatred
✅ Follow extreme tamasic ritual practices

📍 Siddhars / Siddhas
✅ Originated mainly in Tamil Nadu
✅ Saints who were doctors, alchemists, mystics
✅ Attained spiritual perfection through secret rasayanas and pranayama
✅ Practiced breath control to reduce number of breaths
✅ Considered founders of Varma (Varmam) –
• Martial art for self-defence
• Medical treatment system
✅ Monotheistic and condemned idolatry
📌 (UPSC 2016)

📌 Prelims Focus
✅ Nathpanthi → Hatha Yoga, Gorakhnath
✅ Lingayatism → Basava, anti-caste, Linga worship
✅ Dashanami → Adi Shankaracharya, Advaita
✅ Aghori → Bhairava, cremation rituals
✅ Siddhars → Tamil Nadu, medicine + mysticism

📌 #prelims
#art_and_culture

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Day 51 :7 february target:


Topics -


Backlogs If Any

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🔆 CURRENT AFFAIRS — 4 FEBRUARY 2026

🔆 DIGITAL PAYMENTS

📍 UPI International Expansion
✅ India exploring UPI linkage with Alipay+
📍 What is Alipay+?
✅ Global merchant-facing payments network
✅ HQ: Singapore (Ant International)
📍 Benefit:
✅ UPI users can pay overseas merchants without foreign wallets
📍 Current UPI countries:
✅ Singapore, UAE, Bhutan, Nepal, Sri Lanka, France

🔆 INTERNATIONAL

📍 Social Media Regulation
✅ Spain proposes complete ban on social media for under-16s
📍 Announced by: PM Pedro Sánchez
📍 Platform executives to be personally liable for harmful content
📍 Covered platforms:
✅ Instagram, TikTok, Snapchat, Facebook, X

📍 Critical Minerals
✅ Project Vault announced by US President Donald Trump
📍 Investment: $12 billion
📍 Objective:
✅ Reduce US dependence on China for rare earths
📍 Key minerals:
✅ Gallium (semiconductors, 5G)
✅ Cobalt (batteries, jet engines)

🔆 NATIONAL

📍 Innovation Ecosystem
✅ Atal Innovation Mission hosts AIM SUMVAAD
📍 Venue: Dr Ambedkar International Centre, New Delhi
📍 Key launches:
✅ Youth Co:Lab National Innovation Challenge 2026 (with UNDP)
✅ National Incubator Assessment Framework (NIAF)
📍 Aim:
✅ Transparency, benchmarking & competition among incubators

📍 Sports Infrastructure
✅ Union Minister Mansukh Mandaviya lays foundation stones
📍 Investment: ₹120 crore
📍 Under:
✅ Khelo India Scheme
📍 Includes:
✅ 6 new sports infrastructure projects
✅ 2 athlete support facilities

🔆 ENVIRONMENT / ENERGY

📍 India–Bhutan Power Cooperation
✅ Review of cross-border transmission till 2040
📍 Focus:
✅ Grid connectivity
✅ Power scheduling during lean seasons
📍 Key projects:
✅ Punatsangchhu-I (1200 MW)
✅ Punatsangchhu-II (1020 MW)
✅ Sankosh Hydropower Project

🔆 DEFENCE

📍 Joint Military Exercise
✅ KHANJAR-XIII (India–Kyrgyzstan)
📍 Location: Misamari, Assam
📍 Duration: 4–17 Feb 2026
📍 Purpose:
✅ Special forces interoperability & counter-terror cooperation

📍 Missile Technology
✅ DRDO successfully tests Solid Fuel Ducted Ramjet (SFDR)
📍 Location: ITR Chandipur, Odisha
📍 Advantage:
✅ Long-range supersonic missile capability
📍 Developed by:
✅ DRDL, RCI & HEMRL

🔆 STATES

📍 Andhra Pradesh
✅ Pilloo AI launched for voice-based accounting
📍 Features:
✅ Invoices, payments, balance sheets via voice
📍 Aim:
✅ Digital empowerment of MSMEs

📍 Assam
✅ ₹50 crore heritage grant for Koch Dynasty (Darrang Kings)
📍 Objective:
✅ Preserve royal palaces & monuments
📍 Occasion:
✅ Mahabir Chilarai Divas

🔆 SCHEMES

📍 PM VIKAS
✅ Central Sector Scheme under Ministry of Minority Affairs
📍 Objective:
✅ Socio-economic empowerment of 6 minority communities
📍 Components:
✅ Skilling
✅ Women entrepreneurship
✅ Education (via NIOS)
✅ Infrastructure (PMJVK)

🔆 IMPORTANT DAY

📍 World Cancer Day – 4 February
✅ Theme 2026: United by Unique

🔆 APPOINTMENTS

📍 Defence & Aviation
✅ Divakar Jayant (INAS) → DG Naval Armament
✅ Nivedita Dubey → First woman Director (HR), AAI
✅ M. Anitha (IRS) → Director, Ministry of Defence

🔆 AWARDS

📍 Ports & Sanitation
✅ Paradip Port Authority wins Swachhata Pakhwada Award 2025
📍 Pillars:
✅ Jan Bhagidari
✅ Ek Ped Maa Ke Naam
✅ Safai Mitra Suraksha

📍 Science
✅ Veerabhadran Ramanathan wins Crafoord Prize 2026
📍 Field: Geosciences (Climate Science)
📍 Known as: Nobel of Geosciences

🔆 SPORTS

📍 Shooting
✅ India to host Asian Rifle/Pistol Championship 2027
📍 Venue: Karni Singh Shooting Range, Delhi
📍 First time:
✅ Asian Olympic Qualifier + World Cup Qualifier in same cycle

📍 Squash
✅ Anahat Singh (17 yrs) enters World Top-20
📍 Won:
✅ PSA Bronze title – Squash On Fire Open (Washington)
📍 Achievement:
✅ Youngest Asian ever in Top-20

#CurrentAffairs