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RAS 2024 FINAL RESULT

RAS Final Result 2024

🔆 Government notifies Bharat Audyogik Vikas Yojana (BHAVYA) Scheme

📍 Why in News?
The Government has notified the Bharat Audyogik Vikas Yojana (BHAVYA) to develop 100 plug-and-play industrial parks across India.

📍 About BHAVYA Scheme
▪️ Nodal Ministry: Ministry of Commerce & Industry through Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade

▪️ Objective:
✅ Develop 100 investment-ready, plug-and-play industrial parks in partnership with States, CPSUs and private sector.
✅ Plug-and-play parks provide ready roads, power, water, ICT and approvals for quick industrial setup.

▪️ Duration & Outlay:
✅ Implemented for 6 years: 2026–27 to 2031–32
✅ Total outlay: ₹33,660 crore

📍 Implementation Mechanism
▪️ Sponsoring agency can be:
✅ State/UT Government
✅ Central PSU

▪️ A Special Purpose Vehicle (SPV) will be created between:
✅ National Industrial Corridor Development and Implementation Trust under DPIIT
✅ Concerned State nodal agency

▪️ The SPV will:
✅ Own assets created under the scheme
✅ Plan, construct, operate and maintain the industrial park

📍 Financial Support
▪️ Up to ₹1 crore per acre in equity mode for each project
▪️ For private developer-led parks: up to ₹50 lakh per acre

✅ Support will cover:
• Core infrastructure – roads, utilities, drainage, ICT
• Value-added infrastructure – factory sheds, labs, warehousing
• Social infrastructure – worker housing and amenities

▪️ Additional support:
✅ Up to 25% of project cost for external infrastructure and last-mile connectivity

📍 Significance of BHAVYA
✅ Ease of Doing Business: Pre-approved land, ready infrastructure and single-window system reduce delays.
✅ Employment Generation: Likely to create lakhs of direct and indirect jobs in manufacturing, logistics and services.
✅ Balanced Regional Growth: Cluster-based industrial development can boost backward and emerging regions.
✅ Integrated Industrial Ecosystem: Co-location of industries, suppliers and service providers will improve efficiency.
✅ Future-Ready Design: Linked with PM Gati Shakti National Master Plan for multimodal connectivity and focus on green energy.

📍 Prelims Fact
▪️ BHAVYA provides funding in equity mode rather than grants.
▪️ The scheme emphasizes plug-and-play parks with social infrastructure such as worker housing.

#goverment_schemes

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🔆 World Hemophilia Day – 17 April

📍 About the Day
✅ World Hemophilia Day is observed every year on 17 April
✅ It is organised by the World Federation of Hemophilia
✅ 2026 marks the 31st anniversary of the observance

📍 Aim of the Day
✅ To spread awareness about haemophilia and improve treatment, care, prevention and bleeding control

📍 What is Haemophilia?
✅ Haemophilia is a rare inherited bleeding disorder
✅ It is caused by deficiency of clotting factors:
✅ Factor VIII → Haemophilia A
✅ Factor IX → Haemophilia B

✅ Due to this deficiency, blood does not clot properly, leading to prolonged or excessive bleeding.

📍 Why Is It More Common in Males?
✅ Haemophilia is an X-chromosome linked disorder
✅ Males have only one X chromosome, so a defective gene directly causes the disease
✅ Females usually become carriers, though in rare cases they may also be affected

📍 Inheritance Pattern
✅ If the mother is a carrier:
✅ Sons have a 50% chance of being affected
✅ Daughters have a 50% chance of becoming carriers

📍 Global Facts
✅ Around 4 lakh people worldwide were estimated to have haemophilia in 2000, but only about 25% received treatment
✅ Around 11.25 lakh men were affected globally in 2019
✅ Only about 15% of patients worldwide have access to proper treatment

📍 History
✅ In 1803, John Conrad Otto first identified the hereditary nature of haemophilia
✅ In 1937, haemophilia was classified into Haemophilia A and B
✅ World Hemophilia Day was first observed in 1989
✅ The day is dedicated to Frank Schnabel

🔆 Conclusion
✅ Despite advances in treatment, access remains limited for many patients.
✅ Greater awareness, affordable treatment and government support are essential to ensure a better quality of life for people with haemophilia.

🔆 Mains Question
“Rare diseases often remain neglected in public health policy.” Discuss with reference to haemophilia and the need for greater awareness and treatment access.

#GS2 #Health

🔆 Bagurumba Dance

📍 About
▪️ Bagurumba is an ancient traditional folk dance of the Bodo community in Assam.
▪️ It originated as a ritual dance linked to harvest, nature worship and spiritual practices.
▪️ Over time, it evolved into a major cultural symbol of the Bodo people.

📍 Occasion of Performance
✅ Performed mainly during:
▪️ Bwisagu
▪️ Domashi

📍 Key Features
▪️ Bagurumba is popularly known as the “Butterfly Dance”.
✅ The name comes from its gentle, flowing and fluttering hand movements resembling a butterfly.

▪️ The dance is traditionally performed by women in groups with synchronized movements.
▪️ Male performers usually accompany them by playing musical instruments.
▪️ Circular and geometric formations are commonly used, symbolizing harmony and balance in nature.
▪️ The choreography imitates natural elements such as birds, rivers, trees and butterflies, reflecting the close bond of the Bodo people with nature.

📍 Costume
▪️ Dancers wear the traditional Bodo attire called Dokhona, a brightly coloured handwoven wraparound cloth.
▪️ They also wear:
✅ Jwmgra
✅ Aronai draped over the shoulders.
▪️ Floral ornaments and traditional jewellery add elegance to the performance.

📍 Musical Instruments Used
✅ Serja – provides melody
✅ Kham – maintains rhythm
✅ Siphung – adds soothing tone
✅ Jotha – enhances rhythmic beats

#prelims
#art_and_culture

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Day 122: 19 April target:

Cover Backlogs
Full length test

Current Affairs:
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🔆 CURRENT AFFAIRS POINTERS — 18 APRIL 2026

🔆 BANKING & FINANCE

📍 Developing Nations Launch Borrowers’ Platform
✅ 30 developing countries, including India, launch first-ever Borrowers’ Platform during IMF–World Bank Spring Meetings 2026
✅ Chaired by Egypt and supported by United Nations Conference on Trade and Development
✅ Aim: strengthen borrower voice in sovereign debt negotiations and improve debt management capacity
✅ Platform comes at a time when developing nations’ external debt has reached $11.7 trillion

📍 55 Years of Bank Nationalisation
✅ India marks 55 years of bank nationalisation
✅ Major phase took place on 19 July 1969, when 14 private banks were nationalised by the government of Indira Gandhi
✅ Earlier, in 1955, Imperial Bank of India became State Bank of India
✅ Second phase in 1980 nationalised 6 more banks

🔆 INTERNATIONAL

📍 Strait of Hormuz Remains Open
✅ United States and Iran confirm that the Strait of Hormuz remains fully open despite regional tensions
✅ Iran is strategically important due to its location between the Persian Gulf and Gulf of Oman
✅ Iran is also a member of SCO, BRICS and OPEC

🔆 NATIONAL

📍 India Recognises Over 55,000 Startups in FY26
✅ More than 55,000 startups recognised in FY 2025–26 — highest ever in a single year
✅ Total recognised startups in India cross 2.23 lakh
✅ These startups created over 23.36 lakh direct jobs
✅ Startup recognition grew by 51.6% year-on-year

📍 ‘Divya Bharat’ Tourism Anthology Released
✅ NITI Aayog releases anthology titled Divya Bharat: A Window to the Soul of India
✅ Released by Suman Bery
✅ Focuses on experiential, balanced and sustainable tourism across India

📍 IndiaAI Mission Selects 10 Startups
✅ IndiaAI Mission selects 10 startups for second Global Acceleration Programme cohort
✅ Programme conducted with Station F and HEC Paris
✅ Includes 3-week online preparation followed by 3-month residency in Paris
✅ Objective: provide Indian AI startups global exposure and market access

📍 India–Austria Economic Cooperation
✅ India and Austria hold 17th session of Joint Economic Commission
✅ Both sides agree to expand cooperation in trade, investment and innovation sectors

📍 Government Expands RELIEF Scheme
✅ Government expands RELIEF Scheme for exporters affected by West Asia tensions
✅ Egypt and Jordan added under scheme coverage
✅ Scheme helps exporters facing higher freight cost, insurance premiums and war-related risks
✅ Implemented by Export Credit Guarantee Corporation of India

📍 DGFT Updates List of Banks for Gold & Silver Imports
✅ Directorate General of Foreign Trade authorises 17 banks till FY29 for importing bullion
✅ 15 banks can import both gold and silver
✅ Union Bank of India and Sberbank allowed to import only gold

📍 India’s First Bat Assessment Report Released
✅ “The State of India’s Bats (2024–25)” released
✅ India has nearly 135 bat species, including 16 endemic species
✅ Seven species listed as threatened by IUCN
✅ Major threats: urbanisation, deforestation, climate change and post-COVID stigma

📍 CAFE-III Norms Finalised
✅ Government and automobile industry reach consensus on CAFE-III norms
✅ New norms to apply from 1 April 2027 to 31 March 2032
✅ Fleet CO₂ emissions target reduced from about 113 g/km to 78.9 g/km by FY32
✅ EVs to receive “super credit” multiplier of 3.0 under new system

🔆 STATES

📍 Khasi and Garo Become Official Languages in Meghalaya
✅ Meghalaya declares Khasi and Garo as official languages along with English
✅ These languages can now be used in government communication and Assembly debates

📍 New Gecko Species Discovered in Tripura
✅ New bent-toed gecko species, Cyrtodactylus jayadityai, discovered in Tripura
✅ Named after herpetologist Jayaditya Purkayastha
✅ Raises total number of Cyrtodactylus species in Northeast India to 31

🔆 IMPORTANT DAYS
📍 World Haemophilia Day 2026
✅ Observed on 17 April every year
✅ Theme for 2026: “Diagnosis: The First Step to Care”
✅ Marks birth anniversary of Frank Schnabel

#CurrentAffairs

🔆 Glaciers and Their Associated Rivers
1. Batura – Hunza
2. Hispar – Hispar
3. Biafo – Braldu
4. Kedar Bamak – Mandakini
5. Godwin Austen – Tributary of Baltoro Glacier
6. Siachen – Nubra
7. Baltoro – Braldu
8. Bandarpunch – Hanuman Ganga
9. Gangotri – Bhagirathi
10. Yamunotri – Yamuna
11. Satopanth – Alaknanda
12. Milam – Saryu
13. Pindari – Pindar (tributary of Alaknanda)
14. Zemu – Lanchen (tributary of Teesta)
15. Kunchenjunga – Kanchen (very small river)

Different types of soil

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🔆 JIVA Program (Joint Initiative for Village Advancement)

📍 In News
✅ In Betul district, Madhya Pradesh, farmer-led natural farming under JIVA is reversing crop loss, soil degradation and distress migration.

📍 About JIVA Program
✅ Launched by: National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development (2022)
✅ Framework: Implemented under existing watershed & wadi programmes

📍 Aim & Approach
✅ Promote natural farming using principles of agroecology
✅ Ensure long-term sustainability of agriculture
✅ Revive and utilise local social & natural capital
✅ Nudge farmers away from chemical-intensive practices

📍 Significance
✅ Improves soil health & productivity
✅ Reduces crop failure and farmer distress
✅ Supports livelihood resilience and checks rural migration

#goverment_schemes

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🔆 Comparison of Saguna & Nirguna Bhakti Traditions

📍 Meaning
✅ Saguna Bhakti: Worship of a personal God with form — divine embodied in idols like Rama, Krishna, Shiva, Devi.
✅ Nirguna Bhakti: Worship of a formless, abstract, supreme consciousness — God beyond shape or attributes.

📍 Concept of God
✅ Saguna: God possesses attributes (compassion, love, strength) and manifests physically.
✅ Nirguna: God is Brahman — eternal, infinite, without qualities or limitations.

📍 Expression
✅ Saguna: Expressed through bhajans, kirtans, and hymns glorifying deities.
✅ Nirguna: Emphasizes philosophical poetry focused on unity, introspection, and spiritual realization.

📍 Prominent Saints
✅ Saguna Tradition:
• Tulsidas (Rama devotion – Ramcharitmanas)
• Mirabai (Krishna devotion)
• Surdas (Sursagar)
• Chaitanya Mahaprabhu (Vaishnavism)
• Ramanuja (Vishishtadvaita philosophy)
• Sant Eknath, Tyagaraja (Carnatic Bhakti)

✅ Nirguna Tradition:
• Kabir (Unity of Nirguna Brahman)
• Guru Nanak (Sikhism – Oneness of God)
• Dadu Dayal, Namdev, Ravidas, Bulleh Shah (Sufi–Sant traditions)

📍 Major Literary Works
✅ Saguna Bhakti: Ramcharitmanas, Sursagar, Bhakti Songs of Mirabai, Hymns of Alvar & Nayanar
✅ Nirguna Bhakti: Bijak (Kabir), Guru Granth Sahib, Dohas of Kabir & Rahim, Abhangas of Namdev & Tukaram

📍 Core Essence
✅ Saguna Bhakti: Focuses on personal devotion, emotional surrender, and love for a chosen deity.
✅ Nirguna Bhakti: Focuses on inner realization, universal equality, and breaking barriers of caste and ritual.

#history

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🔆 The Anglo-Maratha Wars (1775–1819)

📍 Context: A series of three wars fought between the British East India Company and the Maratha Confederacy, leading to the end of Maratha power in India.

📍 First Anglo-Maratha War (1775–1782)

✅ Cause
• Dispute over Peshwaship succession between Raghunath Rao (Raghoba) and Nana Fadnavis

✅ Key Events
• Raghoba sought British support in return for Salsette and Bassein
• Mahadaji Scindia and Bhonsle later shifted allegiance to the British

✅ Major Players
• Raghunath Rao
• Nana Fadnavis
• Mahadaji Scindia
• British East India Company (Bombay Administration)

✅ Outcome
• Treaty of Salbai (1782)
✔ British retained Thane and Salsette
✔ Raghoba pensioned off
✔ Peace for 20 years

📍 Second Anglo-Maratha War (1803–1806)

✅ Cause
• Treaty of Bassein (1802) imposed on Peshwa Baji Rao II, humiliating Maratha chiefs

✅ Key Events
• Marathas resisted but were defeated at:
✔ Delhi
✔ Assaye
✔ Laswari
• Treaty of Bassein formalised Subsidiary Alliance

✅ Major Players
• Peshwa Baji Rao II
• Governor-General Wellesley
• Maratha chiefs: Scindia, Holkar, Bhonsle, Gaikwad

✅ Outcome
• Marathas lost Ahmadnagar, Broach, Doab, hilly regions
• Subsidiary Alliance accepted
• British gained dominance over Maratha states

📍 Third Anglo-Maratha War (1817–1819)

✅ Cause
• Conspiracies among Maratha leaders
• British intervention
• Tensions due to escape of Trimbakji and disputes with Peshwa

✅ Key Events
• Peshwa attacked British Residency at Poona
• Battles of:
✔ Ashta
✔ Kirkee
✔ Koregaon
• Ended in Maratha defeat

✅ Major Players
• Peshwa Baji Rao II
• British officials (notably Mountstuart Elphinstone)
• Maratha Confederacy leaders: Scindia, Bhonsle, Holkar

✅ Outcome
• End of Maratha Confederacy
• Abolition of Peshwaship
• Peshwa territories annexed
• Pratap Singh installed as ruler of a reduced Satara kingdom
• Baji Rao II pensioned and kept captive till death (1851)
• British reinstated jagirs of fief holders
• Mountstuart Elphinstone became Governor of Bombay

📍 Important Treaties (At a Glance)

✅ First War: Treaty of Salbai (1782)
✅ Second War: Treaty of Bassein (1802)
✅ Third War: No specific treaty → Direct British annexation

#history #prelims #mains

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🔆 Treaty of Sugauli (1816)

📍 The Treaty of Sugauli ended the Anglo-Nepalese War (1814–1816) between the British East India Company and Nepal.

📍 Signed: 1816 at Sugauli (now in Bihar)

📍 Major Provisions
▪️ Nepal accepted a British Resident in Kathmandu, increasing British influence over Nepal’s foreign affairs.

▪️ Nepal ceded large territories to the British, including:
✅ Garhwal
✅ Kumaon

▪️ Nepal gave up its claims over the Terai region.

▪️ Nepal withdrew its territorial claims over Sikkim.

📍 Impact of the Treaty
✅ It marked a major territorial setback for Nepal.
✅ The treaty established British political dominance over Nepal.
✅ It also fixed the broad outline of the modern India–Nepal boundary.

📍 Historical Significance
▪️ After the treaty, the British began recruiting Gurkha soldiers from Nepal into the British Indian Army.
▪️ The treaty laid the foundation of the long-term strategic relationship between India and Nepal.

#history #prelims #mains

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