🔆 Devaraya I of Sangama Dynasty
📍Why in News?
✅ Rare copper plates dated 1406 CE, documenting the coronation of Devaraya I, were unveiled in Bengaluru.
📍About Devaraya I (1406–1422 CE)
✅ A prominent ruler of the Sangama Dynasty of the Vijayanagara Empire.
✅ Ascended the throne following a succession struggle after Harihara II.
✅ Undertook military campaigns and faced conflicts with the Bahmani Sultanate.
✅ Promoted irrigation infrastructure, including canals and tanks, to support agriculture.
✅ Encouraged literature, trade and commercial relations with foreign merchants.
✅ The newly unveiled copper plate records his coronation and a land grant to Brahmins at Devarayapura Agrahara.
📍About Sangama Dynasty
✅ Period: 1336–1485 CE
✅ Founders: Harihara I and Bukka Raya I
✅ Capital: Vijayanagara (present-day Hampi)
✅ It was the first ruling dynasty of the Vijayanagara Empire.
📍Major Rulers
✅ Harihara I: Founder of the dynasty.
✅ Bukka Raya I: Expanded the empire and promoted religious patronage.
✅ Harihara II: Further expanded Vijayanagara territories.
✅ Devaraya I: Known for military and administrative consolidation.
✅ Devaraya II: Vijayanagara reached a high point of power and prosperity under his rule.
📍Key Contributions of Sangama Dynasty
✅ Developed a strong administrative and military system.
✅ Promoted Kannada and Telugu literature, art and temple architecture.
✅ Encouraged agriculture and overseas trade.
✅ Followed a broad policy of religious patronage and tolerance.
#history #prelims #mains
Join https://t.me/CSE_EXAM https://t.me/Upsc_4_history
📍Why in News?
✅ Rare copper plates dated 1406 CE, documenting the coronation of Devaraya I, were unveiled in Bengaluru.
📍About Devaraya I (1406–1422 CE)
✅ A prominent ruler of the Sangama Dynasty of the Vijayanagara Empire.
✅ Ascended the throne following a succession struggle after Harihara II.
✅ Undertook military campaigns and faced conflicts with the Bahmani Sultanate.
✅ Promoted irrigation infrastructure, including canals and tanks, to support agriculture.
✅ Encouraged literature, trade and commercial relations with foreign merchants.
✅ The newly unveiled copper plate records his coronation and a land grant to Brahmins at Devarayapura Agrahara.
📍About Sangama Dynasty
✅ Period: 1336–1485 CE
✅ Founders: Harihara I and Bukka Raya I
✅ Capital: Vijayanagara (present-day Hampi)
✅ It was the first ruling dynasty of the Vijayanagara Empire.
📍Major Rulers
✅ Harihara I: Founder of the dynasty.
✅ Bukka Raya I: Expanded the empire and promoted religious patronage.
✅ Harihara II: Further expanded Vijayanagara territories.
✅ Devaraya I: Known for military and administrative consolidation.
✅ Devaraya II: Vijayanagara reached a high point of power and prosperity under his rule.
📍Key Contributions of Sangama Dynasty
✅ Developed a strong administrative and military system.
✅ Promoted Kannada and Telugu literature, art and temple architecture.
✅ Encouraged agriculture and overseas trade.
✅ Followed a broad policy of religious patronage and tolerance.
#history #prelims #mains
Join https://t.me/CSE_EXAM https://t.me/Upsc_4_history
#Goodmorning
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❤5👏1
🔆 CURRENT AFFAIRS – 16 JULY 2026
🔆 SOCIAL ISSUES
📍 Odisha Recognises Habitat Rights of PVTGs
✅ Odisha formally recognised 10 habitat rights claims covering 8 Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (PVTGs)
✅ Habitat rights recognised under the Forest Rights Act (FRA), 2006
✅ India has 75 PVTGs across 18 States and Andaman & Nicobar Islands
✅ Odisha has 13 PVTGs, the highest among Indian States
✅ First habitat title granted to Paudi Bhuyan community of Deogarh
✅ Protects customary territories, cultural practices and community forest resources
🔆 POLITY & GOVERNANCE
📍 National Board for Wildlife (NBWL)
✅ 91st Meeting of the NBWL Standing Committee held recently
✅ Statutory apex wildlife body under Section 5A of Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972
✅ Chaired by the Prime Minister of India
✅ Approval required for alteration of boundaries of National Parks and Wildlife Sanctuaries
📍 National Tiger Conservation Authority (NTCA)
✅ Statutory body under the Ministry of Environment, Forest & Climate Change
✅ Established under the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, through the 2006 amendment
✅ Chaired by the Union Environment Minister
✅ Provides statutory and institutional backing to Project Tiger
📍 Central Zoo Authority (CZA)
✅ Statutory body established in 1992
✅ Constituted under the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972
✅ Headquarters: New Delhi
✅ Regulates and oversees standards of zoos across India
✅ Union Environment Minister serves as ex-officio Chairman
🔆 INTERNATIONAL
📍 10 Nations Form Ballistic Missile Defence Coalition
✅ Formed on 13 July 2026
✅ Launched during the Coalition of the Willing Summit in Paris
✅ Aims to develop a shared European missile defence architecture
✅ Founding members: Ukraine, Denmark, France, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Spain, Sweden and United Kingdom
✅ Focus on pooling technical, industrial and operational capabilities against ballistic missile threats
📍 India Launches SHANTI Vision for UNSC Candidature
✅ SHANTI: Securing Holistic Advancement through Norms, Trust and Integrity
✅ Campaign for India’s election as a non-permanent member of the UNSC
✅ India seeks a 2028–29 two-year term
✅ India has previously served 8 terms, most recently during 2021–22
✅ India has contributed around 3 lakh personnel to nearly 50 UN peacekeeping missions
📍 49th Session of Codex Alimentarius Commission
✅ Held in Geneva, Switzerland
✅ Adopted 7 Codex guidelines developed under India’s chairmanship
✅ Global standards adopted for dried coriander seeds and fresh curry leaves
✅ India initiated development of a global standard for cashew kernels
✅ Codex Alimentarius Commission (CAC) was established by FAO and WHO
🔆 AGREEMENTS & MoUs
📍 India–Australia Traditional Knowledge & Patent Cooperation
✅ Agreement signed between CSIR and IP Australia
✅ Australia granted access to India’s Traditional Knowledge Digital Library (TKDL)
✅ Signed during the 3rd India–Australia Annual Summit in Melbourne
✅ Aims to prevent biopiracy and erroneous patents
✅ Strengthens international protection of India’s traditional knowledge
🔆 ENVIRONMENT
📍 Indian Plate Shaped the ‘Roof of the World’
✅ Tibetan Plateau is known as the “Roof of the World”
✅ World’s highest and largest upland region with average elevation above 4,500 metres
✅ Research links its uplift to the movement of the Indian Plate beneath the Asian Plate
✅ Major geological changes occurred around 45–20 million years ago
✅ Plateau influences global climate and is the source region of 10 major Asian rivers
📍 Animal & Plant Discoveries 2025 Reports Released
✅ Released during the 111th Foundation Day of Zoological Survey of India (ZSI)
✅ 709 faunal additions recorded in India
✅ Includes 483 species new to science and 226 first-time records
✅ Kerala recorded highest new animal discoveries with 98 additions
✅ Arunachal Pradesh led new plant discoveries with 49 additions
✅ Reports prepared by ZSI and Botanical Survey of India (BSI)
📍 Ahmedabad Sets Guinness Record for Mass Plantation
✅ 3.61 lakh saplings planted in just one hour
✅ Location: Bhadaj, Ahmedabad, Gujarat
🔆 SOCIAL ISSUES
📍 Odisha Recognises Habitat Rights of PVTGs
✅ Odisha formally recognised 10 habitat rights claims covering 8 Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (PVTGs)
✅ Habitat rights recognised under the Forest Rights Act (FRA), 2006
✅ India has 75 PVTGs across 18 States and Andaman & Nicobar Islands
✅ Odisha has 13 PVTGs, the highest among Indian States
✅ First habitat title granted to Paudi Bhuyan community of Deogarh
✅ Protects customary territories, cultural practices and community forest resources
🔆 POLITY & GOVERNANCE
📍 National Board for Wildlife (NBWL)
✅ 91st Meeting of the NBWL Standing Committee held recently
✅ Statutory apex wildlife body under Section 5A of Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972
✅ Chaired by the Prime Minister of India
✅ Approval required for alteration of boundaries of National Parks and Wildlife Sanctuaries
📍 National Tiger Conservation Authority (NTCA)
✅ Statutory body under the Ministry of Environment, Forest & Climate Change
✅ Established under the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, through the 2006 amendment
✅ Chaired by the Union Environment Minister
✅ Provides statutory and institutional backing to Project Tiger
📍 Central Zoo Authority (CZA)
✅ Statutory body established in 1992
✅ Constituted under the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972
✅ Headquarters: New Delhi
✅ Regulates and oversees standards of zoos across India
✅ Union Environment Minister serves as ex-officio Chairman
🔆 INTERNATIONAL
📍 10 Nations Form Ballistic Missile Defence Coalition
✅ Formed on 13 July 2026
✅ Launched during the Coalition of the Willing Summit in Paris
✅ Aims to develop a shared European missile defence architecture
✅ Founding members: Ukraine, Denmark, France, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Spain, Sweden and United Kingdom
✅ Focus on pooling technical, industrial and operational capabilities against ballistic missile threats
📍 India Launches SHANTI Vision for UNSC Candidature
✅ SHANTI: Securing Holistic Advancement through Norms, Trust and Integrity
✅ Campaign for India’s election as a non-permanent member of the UNSC
✅ India seeks a 2028–29 two-year term
✅ India has previously served 8 terms, most recently during 2021–22
✅ India has contributed around 3 lakh personnel to nearly 50 UN peacekeeping missions
📍 49th Session of Codex Alimentarius Commission
✅ Held in Geneva, Switzerland
✅ Adopted 7 Codex guidelines developed under India’s chairmanship
✅ Global standards adopted for dried coriander seeds and fresh curry leaves
✅ India initiated development of a global standard for cashew kernels
✅ Codex Alimentarius Commission (CAC) was established by FAO and WHO
🔆 AGREEMENTS & MoUs
📍 India–Australia Traditional Knowledge & Patent Cooperation
✅ Agreement signed between CSIR and IP Australia
✅ Australia granted access to India’s Traditional Knowledge Digital Library (TKDL)
✅ Signed during the 3rd India–Australia Annual Summit in Melbourne
✅ Aims to prevent biopiracy and erroneous patents
✅ Strengthens international protection of India’s traditional knowledge
🔆 ENVIRONMENT
📍 Indian Plate Shaped the ‘Roof of the World’
✅ Tibetan Plateau is known as the “Roof of the World”
✅ World’s highest and largest upland region with average elevation above 4,500 metres
✅ Research links its uplift to the movement of the Indian Plate beneath the Asian Plate
✅ Major geological changes occurred around 45–20 million years ago
✅ Plateau influences global climate and is the source region of 10 major Asian rivers
📍 Animal & Plant Discoveries 2025 Reports Released
✅ Released during the 111th Foundation Day of Zoological Survey of India (ZSI)
✅ 709 faunal additions recorded in India
✅ Includes 483 species new to science and 226 first-time records
✅ Kerala recorded highest new animal discoveries with 98 additions
✅ Arunachal Pradesh led new plant discoveries with 49 additions
✅ Reports prepared by ZSI and Botanical Survey of India (BSI)
📍 Ahmedabad Sets Guinness Record for Mass Plantation
✅ 3.61 lakh saplings planted in just one hour
✅ Location: Bhadaj, Ahmedabad, Gujarat
❤8🔥1👏1
✅ Organised by Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation (AMC)
✅ Plantation used the Japanese Miyawaki Method
✅ Dense planting of native species enables faster and more compact forest growth
✅ Recognised with a Guinness World Record
#CurrentAffairs
✅ Plantation used the Japanese Miyawaki Method
✅ Dense planting of native species enables faster and more compact forest growth
✅ Recognised with a Guinness World Record
#CurrentAffairs
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🔺️ UPPSC & SPSC Prelims Accelerator Program
✅ Daily 9 PM Bot Quiz: Test yourself with 30 targeted MCQs every day (Sunday OFF).
✅ Comprehensive Syllabus: Master State PSC PYQs + Current Affairs + Statics.
✅ Structured Planning: Full syllabus schedule included to keep you perfectly on track.
✅ 24/7 Revision: Missed a quiz? MCQs are available anytime for seamless review.
✅ Massive Question Bank: Total 4000+ MCQs.
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🌟 The Complete Arsenal: PSC + UPSC Prelims Accelerator Combo
✅ Extensive PYQ Mastery: Conquer questions from UPSC, CDS, CAPF, NDA, UPPSC, RAS, JKPSC, HCS, PPSC, KAS, MPSC, OPSC, and more!
✅ Double the Practice: Access a massive total of 8000+ MCQs.
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❤5
🔆 The Politics and Pragmatism of Sovereign Credit Ratings
Subject: Economy (GS-II/GS-III)
📍 Why in Focus?
✅ India’s sovereign credit ratings have come under renewed discussion following remarks by Union Commerce Minister Piyush Goyal, highlighting concerns over the methodology of global credit rating agencies.
📍 What are Sovereign Credit Ratings?
✅ Assess a country’s creditworthiness (ability and willingness to repay debt).
✅ Issued by Credit Rating Agencies (CRAs) for sovereign governments.
✅ Influence international borrowing costs, investor confidence, and capital inflows.
📍 Key Components
✅ Ability to Repay (Quantitative): GDP growth, fiscal deficit, external debt, forex reserves, debt sustainability.
✅ Willingness to Repay (Qualitative): Political stability, governance quality, institutional strength, and repayment history.
📍 Regulation
✅ In India, CRAs are regulated by SEBI under the SEBI (Credit Rating Agencies) Regulations.
📍 Major Global Credit Rating Agencies
✅ Big Three: S&P Global Ratings, Moody’s, Fitch Ratings
✅ Other agencies: Morningstar DBRS, JCRA, R&I, CareEdge Ratings
📍 Rating Scale
✅ Highest Rating: AAA (Aaa in Moody’s) – Lowest default risk.
✅ Investment Grade: BBB-/Baa3 and above
✅ Below Investment Grade: Speculative/Junk
✅ Lowest Rating: D – Default.
📍 India’s Position
✅ India remains at the lowest investment-grade category, only slightly above junk status.
✅ Despite strong macroeconomic fundamentals, rating upgrades have remained limited.
📍 India’s Concerns
✅ Size-Rating Mismatch: World’s 5th-largest economy but relatively low sovereign rating.
✅ Strong Repayment Record: India has never defaulted on sovereign external debt, including during the 1991 Balance of Payments crisis.
✅ Methodological Bias: Heavy reliance on subjective governance indicators may disadvantage emerging economies.
📍 CareEdge’s Alternative Framework
✅ India’s first global sovereign rating agency headquartered in India.
✅ Gives 50% weightage to objective economic indicators such as:
✅ Economic Structure & Resilience
✅ Fiscal Strength
✅ External Position & Linkages
✅ Monetary & Financial Stability
✅ Governance acts as a supporting qualitative factor, not the primary driver.
📍 Way Forward
✅ Increase emphasis on objective macroeconomic indicators.
✅ Reduce excessive dependence on subjective governance assessments.
✅ Develop transparent, rules-based sovereign rating methodologies reflecting emerging market realities.
📍 UPSC Value Addition
✅ Importance of Sovereign Ratings:
✅ Influence sovereign borrowing costs.
✅ Affect FDI and FPI inflows.
✅ Determine global investor confidence.
✅ Impact corporate external borrowing costs.
✅ Reflect overall macroeconomic stability.
#mains
Subject: Economy (GS-II/GS-III)
📍 Why in Focus?
✅ India’s sovereign credit ratings have come under renewed discussion following remarks by Union Commerce Minister Piyush Goyal, highlighting concerns over the methodology of global credit rating agencies.
📍 What are Sovereign Credit Ratings?
✅ Assess a country’s creditworthiness (ability and willingness to repay debt).
✅ Issued by Credit Rating Agencies (CRAs) for sovereign governments.
✅ Influence international borrowing costs, investor confidence, and capital inflows.
📍 Key Components
✅ Ability to Repay (Quantitative): GDP growth, fiscal deficit, external debt, forex reserves, debt sustainability.
✅ Willingness to Repay (Qualitative): Political stability, governance quality, institutional strength, and repayment history.
📍 Regulation
✅ In India, CRAs are regulated by SEBI under the SEBI (Credit Rating Agencies) Regulations.
📍 Major Global Credit Rating Agencies
✅ Big Three: S&P Global Ratings, Moody’s, Fitch Ratings
✅ Other agencies: Morningstar DBRS, JCRA, R&I, CareEdge Ratings
📍 Rating Scale
✅ Highest Rating: AAA (Aaa in Moody’s) – Lowest default risk.
✅ Investment Grade: BBB-/Baa3 and above
✅ Below Investment Grade: Speculative/Junk
✅ Lowest Rating: D – Default.
📍 India’s Position
✅ India remains at the lowest investment-grade category, only slightly above junk status.
✅ Despite strong macroeconomic fundamentals, rating upgrades have remained limited.
📍 India’s Concerns
✅ Size-Rating Mismatch: World’s 5th-largest economy but relatively low sovereign rating.
✅ Strong Repayment Record: India has never defaulted on sovereign external debt, including during the 1991 Balance of Payments crisis.
✅ Methodological Bias: Heavy reliance on subjective governance indicators may disadvantage emerging economies.
📍 CareEdge’s Alternative Framework
✅ India’s first global sovereign rating agency headquartered in India.
✅ Gives 50% weightage to objective economic indicators such as:
✅ Economic Structure & Resilience
✅ Fiscal Strength
✅ External Position & Linkages
✅ Monetary & Financial Stability
✅ Governance acts as a supporting qualitative factor, not the primary driver.
📍 Way Forward
✅ Increase emphasis on objective macroeconomic indicators.
✅ Reduce excessive dependence on subjective governance assessments.
✅ Develop transparent, rules-based sovereign rating methodologies reflecting emerging market realities.
📍 UPSC Value Addition
✅ Importance of Sovereign Ratings:
✅ Influence sovereign borrowing costs.
✅ Affect FDI and FPI inflows.
✅ Determine global investor confidence.
✅ Impact corporate external borrowing costs.
✅ Reflect overall macroeconomic stability.
#mains
❤6👏1👌1
#Goodmorning
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⏳20 days left mppsc mains25 8 august
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#Accountability
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⏳34 days left CSM26 [ 21-08-26]
⏳309 days left CSP27 [ 23-05-27]
⏳398 days left CSM27 [ 20-08-27]
⏳141 days left UPPSC/RAS prelims 6 December
⏳58 Day left CDS/NDA 2 13 Sept
⏳52 day left Mppsc mains26 7 September
⏳20 days left Afcat 8 august
⏳20 days left mppsc mains25 8 august
⏳8 days left 72nd BPSC PRELIMS 26 July
⏳ Tomorrow CAPF AC 19 July
#Target
#TargetOnlyone
#Accountability
https://t.me/anmolvachan1
❤4👏2
🔆 CURRENT AFFAIRS – 17 JULY 2026
🔆 GEOGRAPHY
📍 Marine Cloud Brightening Could Weaken El Niño Extremes
✅ Marine Cloud Brightening (MCB) is a proposed climate intervention technique
✅ Involves spraying microscopic sea-salt particles over oceans
✅ Sea salt acts as cloud condensation nuclei, producing smaller and denser water droplets
✅ Makes marine clouds brighter, reflecting more solar radiation back into space
✅ Could weaken El Niño by cooling key ocean regions and disrupting reinforcing atmospheric feedbacks
🔆 POLITY & GOVERNANCE
📍 5th BRICS National Standardization Bodies Meeting
✅ Held in Bengaluru, Karnataka under India’s 2026 BRICS Chairship
✅ Hosted by Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS)
✅ Theme: “Building for Resilience, Innovation, Cooperation and Sustainability”
✅ Focus on global standardisation, quality infrastructure and trade facilitation
✅ Includes a thematic workshop on Standardization in Artificial Intelligence
📍 India’s Social Security Coverage Crosses 100 Crore
✅ Over 100 crore citizens now covered under at least one social security scheme
✅ Coverage validated by the International Labour Organisation (ILO)
✅ Increased from 25 crore (19%) in 2015 to over 68% in 2026
✅ India received ISSA Award 2025 for Outstanding Achievement in Social Security
🔆 INTERNATIONAL
📍 Seafarer-First Maritime Safety Plan
✅ Launched by the Ministry of Ports, Shipping & Waterways
✅ Protects and tracks Indian merchant navy personnel in conflict-affected waters
✅ Covers Strait of Hormuz, Persian Gulf and Gulf of Oman
✅ Strengthens crisis response and maritime personnel safety
🔆 ECONOMY
📍 Bhagaiya Silk Receives GI Tag
✅ Traditional handwoven textile from Bhagaiya, Jharkhand, known as Resham Nagar
✅ Received Geographical Indication (GI) tag in June 2026
✅ Uses Tussar-Ghicha, Eri, Mulberry and Katan yarns
✅ Known for its rustic texture, lightweight nature and breathability
✅ India produces all 5 major commercial natural silks — Mulberry, Tasar, Oak Tasar, Eri and Muga
📍 Kuchai Silk Receives GI Tag
✅ Traditional silk from Jharkhand
✅ Granted GI tag in 2026
✅ Wild Tussar silk known for its natural golden sheen
✅ Produced through indigenous hand-reeling techniques
✅ Silkworms are reared on Asan and Arjun trees
🔆 AGRICULTURE
📍 National Investment Policy for Urea 2026 Approved
✅ Approved by the Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs (CCEA)
✅ Aims to boost domestic fertiliser production and reduce import dependence
✅ Plans to establish 8–9 new natural gas-based fertiliser plants
✅ Targets additional indigenous urea capacity of 10 million tonnes
✅ India currently has 33 operational units with 269.42 LMT capacity
🔆 ENVIRONMENT
📍 24-Million-Year-Old Kevda Fossils Discovered
✅ Fossil evidence found in Makum Coalfield, Assam
✅ Research by Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeosciences (BSIP)
✅ Confirms presence of Pandanus in the Indian subcontinent around 24 million years ago
✅ Scientific name of Kevda: Pandanus odorifer
✅ Commonly known as Screw Pine
✅ Ganjam Kewda Flower of Odisha has a GI tag
🔆 RANKS & REPORTS
📍 India Launches Trial Index of Services Production
✅ India’s first trial sub-sectoral Index of Services Production (ISP)
✅ Released by Ministry of Statistics & Programme Implementation (MoSPI)
✅ Base Year: 2024–25
✅ Designed for monthly release
✅ Developed under Technical Advisory Committee on ISP (TAC-ISP)
✅ Uses ASISSE, administrative records and GST data
✅ 14 of 19 sub-sectors recorded double-digit growth in April 2026
🔆 IMPORTANT DAYS
📍 World Day for International Justice 2026
✅ Observed on 17 July
✅ Also known as International Criminal Justice Day
✅ Marks adoption of the Rome Statute on 17 July 1998
✅ Rome Statute established the legal foundation for the International Criminal Court (ICC)
✅ Promotes victims’ rights, international criminal justice and accountability for grave crimes
#CurrentAffairs
🔆 GEOGRAPHY
📍 Marine Cloud Brightening Could Weaken El Niño Extremes
✅ Marine Cloud Brightening (MCB) is a proposed climate intervention technique
✅ Involves spraying microscopic sea-salt particles over oceans
✅ Sea salt acts as cloud condensation nuclei, producing smaller and denser water droplets
✅ Makes marine clouds brighter, reflecting more solar radiation back into space
✅ Could weaken El Niño by cooling key ocean regions and disrupting reinforcing atmospheric feedbacks
🔆 POLITY & GOVERNANCE
📍 5th BRICS National Standardization Bodies Meeting
✅ Held in Bengaluru, Karnataka under India’s 2026 BRICS Chairship
✅ Hosted by Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS)
✅ Theme: “Building for Resilience, Innovation, Cooperation and Sustainability”
✅ Focus on global standardisation, quality infrastructure and trade facilitation
✅ Includes a thematic workshop on Standardization in Artificial Intelligence
📍 India’s Social Security Coverage Crosses 100 Crore
✅ Over 100 crore citizens now covered under at least one social security scheme
✅ Coverage validated by the International Labour Organisation (ILO)
✅ Increased from 25 crore (19%) in 2015 to over 68% in 2026
✅ India received ISSA Award 2025 for Outstanding Achievement in Social Security
🔆 INTERNATIONAL
📍 Seafarer-First Maritime Safety Plan
✅ Launched by the Ministry of Ports, Shipping & Waterways
✅ Protects and tracks Indian merchant navy personnel in conflict-affected waters
✅ Covers Strait of Hormuz, Persian Gulf and Gulf of Oman
✅ Strengthens crisis response and maritime personnel safety
🔆 ECONOMY
📍 Bhagaiya Silk Receives GI Tag
✅ Traditional handwoven textile from Bhagaiya, Jharkhand, known as Resham Nagar
✅ Received Geographical Indication (GI) tag in June 2026
✅ Uses Tussar-Ghicha, Eri, Mulberry and Katan yarns
✅ Known for its rustic texture, lightweight nature and breathability
✅ India produces all 5 major commercial natural silks — Mulberry, Tasar, Oak Tasar, Eri and Muga
📍 Kuchai Silk Receives GI Tag
✅ Traditional silk from Jharkhand
✅ Granted GI tag in 2026
✅ Wild Tussar silk known for its natural golden sheen
✅ Produced through indigenous hand-reeling techniques
✅ Silkworms are reared on Asan and Arjun trees
🔆 AGRICULTURE
📍 National Investment Policy for Urea 2026 Approved
✅ Approved by the Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs (CCEA)
✅ Aims to boost domestic fertiliser production and reduce import dependence
✅ Plans to establish 8–9 new natural gas-based fertiliser plants
✅ Targets additional indigenous urea capacity of 10 million tonnes
✅ India currently has 33 operational units with 269.42 LMT capacity
🔆 ENVIRONMENT
📍 24-Million-Year-Old Kevda Fossils Discovered
✅ Fossil evidence found in Makum Coalfield, Assam
✅ Research by Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeosciences (BSIP)
✅ Confirms presence of Pandanus in the Indian subcontinent around 24 million years ago
✅ Scientific name of Kevda: Pandanus odorifer
✅ Commonly known as Screw Pine
✅ Ganjam Kewda Flower of Odisha has a GI tag
🔆 RANKS & REPORTS
📍 India Launches Trial Index of Services Production
✅ India’s first trial sub-sectoral Index of Services Production (ISP)
✅ Released by Ministry of Statistics & Programme Implementation (MoSPI)
✅ Base Year: 2024–25
✅ Designed for monthly release
✅ Developed under Technical Advisory Committee on ISP (TAC-ISP)
✅ Uses ASISSE, administrative records and GST data
✅ 14 of 19 sub-sectors recorded double-digit growth in April 2026
🔆 IMPORTANT DAYS
📍 World Day for International Justice 2026
✅ Observed on 17 July
✅ Also known as International Criminal Justice Day
✅ Marks adoption of the Rome Statute on 17 July 1998
✅ Rome Statute established the legal foundation for the International Criminal Court (ICC)
✅ Promotes victims’ rights, international criminal justice and accountability for grave crimes
#CurrentAffairs
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