CSE EXAM upsc prelims mains CAPF CDS NDA
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The toughest exam of the Nation & Dreams of many UPSC CSE.
Here we provide free materials related to all three stages of exam I.e. Prelims,Mains and Personality Test

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The Astra MK 1 MISSILE

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14th July editorial summary

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πŸ”† CURRENT AFFAIRS – 14 JULY 2026

πŸ”† POLITY & GOVERNANCE

πŸ“ β€˜Catch the Rain 2026’ Campaign
βœ… Nationwide initiative for water conservation and rainwater harvesting
βœ… Theme: β€œPeoples’ Action for Water Conservation – Towards Intensified Community Connect”
βœ… Tagline: β€œCatch the Rain, Where it Falls, When it Falls”
βœ… Implemented under AMRUT 2.0
βœ… Nodal Ministry: Ministry of Jal Shakti in convergence with MoHUA

πŸ“ National Innovation Challenge for Drone Application and Research (NIDAR 2.0)
βœ… Launched by MeitY and Drone Federation India (DFI)
βœ… Duration: 2026–27
βœ… Implemented under the SwaYaan Initiative
βœ… Focus on autonomous swarm drones for disaster response
βœ… Promotes indigenous VEGA processor-based drone electronics and flight controllers

πŸ“ SwaYaan Initiative
βœ… National capacity-building programme for the UAS/Drone Sector
βœ… Launched in 2022
βœ… Initiative of MeitY
βœ… Five-year programme to train 40,000+ personnel
βœ… Supports India’s goal of becoming a Global Drone Hub by 2030

πŸ”† ECONOMY

πŸ“ Jodhpuri Mojari Receives GI Tag
βœ… Traditional handcrafted leather footwear from Jodhpur, Rajasthan
βœ… Around 200 years old
βœ… Crafted by the Jinagar (Jingar) community
βœ… Recognised for its unique craftsmanship and cultural heritage

πŸ”† ENVIRONMENT

πŸ“ Heatwaves Threaten Tropical Forest Photosynthesis
βœ… Rising temperatures reducing forests’ ability to absorb COβ‚‚
βœ… Plants normally have a 15Β°C safety margin for photosynthesis
βœ… Heat damages proteins responsible for photosynthesis
βœ… High-temperature forest area increased from 43 million ha to 57 million ha over the last 20 years
βœ… May intensify climate change by reducing carbon sequestration

πŸ“ Rising COβ‚‚ Weakens Large Bee Populations
βœ… Elevated COβ‚‚ reduces protein content in pollen and alters nectar quality
βœ… Large-bodied bees declining in high-COβ‚‚ regions
βœ… Big bees are among the most efficient pollinators
βœ… Decline may adversely affect pollination, biodiversity and crop productivity

πŸ”† SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

πŸ“ ISRO Successfully Conducts IMAT-05
βœ… Integrated Main Parachute Airdrop Test (IMAT-05) completed under Gaganyaan Programme
βœ… Conducted at ADRDE Drop Zone, Sheopur (Madhya Pradesh)
βœ… Dummy payload dropped from 2.5 km altitude using IAF IL-76 aircraft
βœ… Validates the main parachute under maximum load conditions
βœ… Critical for safe landing of astronauts during Gaganyaan Mission

πŸ”† RANKS & REPORTS

πŸ“ UN Women Releases β€˜Beyond the Breaking Point’ Report
βœ… Highlights severe impact of global aid cuts on women’s organisations
βœ… 95.7% funding decline from 5 major donors
βœ… Around 1 million women left unsupported
βœ… 40% organisations may shut down within a year
βœ… Reports 86% rise in Gender-Based Violence (GBV)
βœ… Released by UN Women

πŸ”† SPORTS

πŸ“ Wimbledon Championships 2026
βœ… Oldest Grand Slam tennis tournament (Founded: 1877)
βœ… Venue: All England Lawn Tennis & Croquet Club, London

βœ… Men’s Singles: Jannik Sinner (Italy)
βœ… Women’s Singles: Linda Noskova (Czech Republic)
βœ… Men’s Doubles: Henry Patten (Great Britain)
βœ… Women’s Doubles: Guo Hanyu (China)
βœ… Mixed Doubles: Marcelo Arevalo (El Salvador) & Jelena Ostapenko (Latvia)

πŸ“ Wheelchair Wimbledon Champions 2026
βœ… Men’s Singles: Tokito Oda (Japan)
βœ… Women’s Singles: Yui Kamiji (Japan)
βœ… Quad Singles: Niels Vink (Netherlands)
βœ… Men’s Doubles: Alfie Hewett & Gordon Reid (Great Britain)
βœ… Women’s Doubles: Yui Kamiji (Japan) & Zhu Zhenzhen (China)
βœ… Quad Doubles: Guy Sasson (Israel) & Niels Vink (Netherlands)

#CurrentAffairs
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PPSC Mains 2025 Result expected to be out by October 2026.
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πŸ”ΊοΈ UPPSC & SPSC Prelims Accelerator Program
6 July to 4 December

βœ… Daily 9 PM bot Quiz | 30 MCQs
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βœ… State PSC PYQs + Current affairs + Statics
βœ…Full syllabus schedule included
βœ… MCQs available anytime for revision.
β€’  Total 4000+ MCQ
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βœ…UPSC prelims accelerator start 14 december

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βœ… PYQS ( UPSC, CDS, CAPF, NDA, UPPSC, RAS JKPSC, HCS PPSC, Kas, MPSC, OPSC, etc3)
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Note - imp topics mains shorts notes
πŸ”† The Judiciary’s Role in Complete Justice

πŸ“ Why in News?
βœ… Supreme Court invoked its extraordinary powers to recognize safe travel on National Highways as a Fundamental Right under Article 21 after reviewing fatal road accidents.

πŸ“ What is Complete Justice?
βœ… Extraordinary power available only to the Supreme Court.
βœ… Enables the Court to go beyond procedural and statutory limitations to ensure substantive justice.
βœ… Invoked when existing legal frameworks are inadequate or silent.

πŸ“ Key Constitutional Provisions

βœ… Article 142
β€’ Empowers SC to pass any order necessary for complete justice.

βœ… Article 21
β€’ Right to Life and Personal Liberty.
β€’ Expanded to include safe travel on National Highways.

βœ… Article 141
β€’ Supreme Court judgments become binding law across India.

βœ… Article 226
β€’ High Courts can issue writs but do not possess Article 142-like powers.

πŸ“ Role in Delivering Complete Justice

βœ… Filling Legislative Gaps
β€’ Provides remedies where laws are absent or inadequate.

βœ… Overriding Procedural Barriers
β€’ Ensures justice is not defeated by technicalities.

βœ… Adapting to Social Change
β€’ Protects rights in emerging issues like privacy, LGBTQ+ rights, and live-in relationships.

βœ… Transforming Policy into Constitutional Duty
β€’ Example: Road safety elevated as a Fundamental Right under Article 21.

πŸ“ Challenges
βœ… Concerns of Judicial Overreach and violation of Separation of Powers.
βœ… No fixed framework governing Article 142 usage.
βœ… High Courts lack similar powers.
βœ… Implementation challenges for executive agencies.

πŸ“ Way Forward
βœ… Develop judicial self-restraint guidelines.
βœ… Use expert committees in technical matters.
βœ… Create a public registry of Article 142 orders.
βœ… Ensure timely legislative response to judicial directives.
βœ… Strengthen state-level compliance mechanisms.

πŸ“ Prelims Facts
βœ… Article 142 is often called the Supreme Court’s power to do β€œComplete Justice.”
βœ… This power is exclusive to the Supreme Court and unavailable to High Courts.


#mains #polity #governance #mains #GS2

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πŸ”† India Calls for Dialogue on Climate Finance

πŸ“ Why in Focus?
βœ… At the UN Climate Change negotiations (SB64) in Bonn, Germany, India called for addressing the shrinking pool of international climate finance and the widening adaptation finance gap, while reaffirming the principle of climate equity and common but differentiated responsibilities (CBDR-RC).

πŸ“ What is Climate Finance?
βœ… Refers to local, national and international financial resources mobilised from public, private and alternative sources to support climate mitigation and adaptation initiatives.

πŸ“ Key Global Concerns
βœ… UN estimates that the adaptation finance gap for developing countries is 10–18 times current international public financial flows.
βœ… Developing countries require $5–6 trillion by 2030 to implement their Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs).
βœ… The proposed New Collective Quantified Goal (NCQG) seeks at least $300 billion annually by 2035, which developing nations consider inadequate.

πŸ“ India’s Stand
βœ… Emphasised implementation of Article 9.1 of the Paris Agreement, which obligates developed countries to provide financial resources to developing nations.
βœ… Called for a dedicated negotiation agenda on climate finance obligations.
βœ… Coordinated with G77 & China, LMDC and BASIC blocs to strengthen the voice of the Global South.
βœ… Opposed unilateral climate-linked trade measures such as the EU’s Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM).

πŸ“ Why Strong Climate Finance is Essential?
βœ… Upholds the principle of historical climate justice.
βœ… Enables developing countries to pursue green transitions without falling into debt traps.
βœ… Supports renewable energy expansion and climate adaptation.
βœ… Protects agriculture, infrastructure and global supply chains from climate shocks.

πŸ“ Major Challenges
βœ… Resistance from developed countries to strengthen finance commitments.
βœ… Growing use of protectionist green trade barriers.
βœ… Attempts to impose additional emission obligations without corresponding financial support.
βœ… Diversion of resources due to geopolitical conflicts.
βœ… Slow and complex access to international climate funds.

πŸ“ Way Forward
βœ… Ensure dedicated implementation of Article 9.1 under the UNFCCC process.
βœ… Finalise Global Goal on Adaptation (GGA) indicators for measurable funding.
βœ… Simplify access to the Green Climate Fund (GCF).
βœ… Move towards transparent, grant-based climate finance under the post-2025 NCQG framework.
βœ… Strengthen collective bargaining by developing country groupings.

πŸ“ UPSC Value Addition

βœ… Article 9.1 of the Paris Agreement
Mandates that developed countries shall provide financial resources to assist developing countries in mitigation and adaptation efforts.

βœ… NCQG (New Collective Quantified Goal)
The post-2025 global climate finance target intended to replace the earlier $100 billion annual commitment.

βœ… CBDR-RC Principle
Recognises that while all nations share responsibility for climate action, developed countries bear greater obligations due to historical emissions and greater capabilities.

πŸ“ UPSC Mains Practice Question

β€œClimate finance remains the cornerstone of climate justice and equitable global climate governance. Discuss India’s position on international climate finance and examine the challenges in mobilising adequate resources for adaptation and mitigation in developing countries.” (GS-III | 15 Marks | 250 Words)

#GS3 #Environment #mains
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πŸ”† PM Formalisation of Micro Food Processing Enterprises (PMFME) Scheme

πŸ“Why in News?
βœ… The PMFME Scheme has surpassed 2 lakh credit-linked beneficiaries, leveraging over β‚Ή20,300 crore in investments.
βœ… Nearly 90% beneficiaries are first-generation entrepreneurs, 44% are women, and 75,000+ enterprises have been formalised.

πŸ“About PMFME Scheme
βœ… Launched: 2020 under Atmanirbhar Bharat Abhiyaan.
βœ… Ministry: Ministry of Food Processing Industries (MoFPI).
βœ… Type: Centrally Sponsored Scheme.
βœ… Outlay: β‚Ή10,000 crore.
βœ… Objective: Formalise and improve the competitiveness of micro food processing enterprises.

πŸ“Key Features
βœ… Credit-Linked Subsidy: 35% of eligible project cost, up to β‚Ή10 lakh per unit.
βœ… One District One Product (ODOP): Promotes district-specific products through value addition, branding, and market linkages.
βœ… Support to SHGs, FPOs & Cooperatives: Provides seed capital, credit support, and capacity building.
βœ… Branding & Marketing: Supports common branding, packaging, quality certification, and market access.

πŸ“Significance
βœ… Promotes formalisation, entrepreneurship, and employment in the food-processing sector.
βœ… Strengthens women-led enterprises and local value chains.
βœ… Facilitates formal registration through Udyam, FSSAI, and GST.

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15th July editorial summary

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#Goodmorning

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πŸ”† CURRENT AFFAIRS – 15 JULY 2026

πŸ”† POLITY & GOVERNANCE

πŸ“ Karnataka to Establish India’s First Government-Driven AI University
βœ… To be established in Bengaluru
βœ… Aims to build world-class AI talent and promote advanced research
βœ… Dedicated AI Hub to incubate startups, companies and researchers
βœ… Karnataka contributes nearly 40% of India’s software exports
βœ… Bengaluru hosts over 17,000 startups and Global Capability Centres

πŸ“ ABHA Crosses Major Digital Health Milestone
βœ… Over 104 crore health records linked with 93+ crore ABHA accounts
βœ… Ayushman Bharat Health Account (ABHA) is a 14-digit unique health identifier
βœ… Enables access to digital health records and healthcare services
βœ… Part of Ayushman Bharat Digital Mission (ABDM)

πŸ“ Village-Level Telecom Survey 2026
βœ… MoU signed between Department of Posts (DoP) and TRAI
βœ… Assesses mobile network performance of major Telecom Service Providers
βœ… Survey to be conducted by Gramin Dak Sevaks (GDSs)
βœ… Uses a TRAI-developed mobile application
βœ… Supports evidence-based policy and improved rural connectivity

πŸ“ Central Vista Renamed β€˜Kartavya Bhawan Area’
βœ… Entire government office zone to be known as Kartavya Bhawan Area
βœ… Kartavya Bhawan is the first of 10 planned Common Central Secretariat buildings
βœ… Aims to consolidate ministries and improve administrative coordination
βœ… Part of the Central Vista Redevelopment Project

πŸ”† SUMMITS & CONFERENCES

πŸ“ 15th BRICS Trade Union Forum Summit 2026
βœ… Inaugurated in Hyderabad
βœ… Theme: β€œBuilding for Resilience, Innovation, Cooperation and Sustainability”
βœ… Hosted by Bharatiya Mazdoor Sangh (BMS)
βœ… Focus on a worker-centric global order, social justice and responsible innovation

πŸ“ Bharat Tex 2026
βœ… Inaugurated by the Ministry of Textiles
βœ… Venue: Bharat Mandapam, New Delhi
βœ… Organised by Bharat Tex Trade Federation
βœ… CITI Textile Sustainability Awards 2026 recognise excellence in resource efficiency, circular economy and sustainable practices

πŸ”† AGRICULTURE

πŸ“ Unjha Cumin Receives GI Tag
βœ… Famous agricultural produce from Gujarat
βœ… Known for bold flavour and strong earthy aroma
βœ… Contains 2–4% natural essential oils
βœ… Seeds are naturally unpolished and traditionally processed

πŸ“ Unjha Variyali (Fennel)
βœ… Renowned produce of Unjha, Mehsana district, Gujarat
βœ… Known for high essential oil content and rich aroma
βœ… Characterised by a mild, sweet licorice-like flavour

πŸ”† ENVIRONMENT

πŸ“ Deep-Sea Mining Threatens Hydrothermal Vent Molluscs
βœ… IUCN assessment warns of growing extinction risks
βœ… 64% of endemic hydrothermal vent molluscs assessed are threatened
βœ… 125 out of 201 species face extinction risk
βœ… Found around hydrothermal vents at depths reaching 5,000 metres
βœ… Deep-sea mining for valuable minerals identified as a major threat

πŸ“ Desert Rain Frog Listed as Vulnerable
βœ… Scientific name: Breviceps macrops
βœ… Native to Namibia and South Africa
βœ… Adapted to arid environments without requiring open water
βœ… Status worsened from Near Threatened to Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List
βœ… Threatened by mining, energy infrastructure and climate change

πŸ”† SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

πŸ“ Astronomers Discover Faint Black Hole Activity
βœ… Hidden population of weakly active supermassive black holes detected in nearby galaxies
βœ… UK’s e-MERLIN radio array surveyed 280 galaxies
βœ… Compact radio emissions detected in nearly one-fourth of surveyed galaxies
βœ… Some black holes showed jet-like structures extending several parsecs
βœ… Black hole jets and outflows influence star formation and galaxy evolution

πŸ”† RANKS & REPORTS

πŸ“ UN’s First Scientific Report on Artificial Intelligence
βœ… Drafted by Independent International Scientific Panel on AI
βœ… Warns AI development is advancing faster than existing safety frameworks
βœ… Flags risks from concentration of AI power and geopolitical instability
βœ… Highlights widening global β€œcompute divide”
βœ… United States: ~75% of global AI computing capacity
βœ… China: ~15% | Rest of world: ~10%

#CurrentAffairs
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