🔆 Integrated Fertilizer Management System (iFMS)
📍 Why in News?
🟢 The Integrated Fertilizer Management System (iFMS) has entered a new phase with digital initiatives to strengthen transparency and fertilizer supply-chain monitoring.
📍 About iFMS
🟢 It is a digital platform that tracks fertilizer production, imports, movement, stocks, sales and subsidy.
🟢 Developed by: National Informatics Centre (NIC)
🟢 Technical Support: NIC for the Department of Fertilizers
🟢 Aim: To improve fertilizer availability, strengthen transparency and enable data-driven monitoring and decision-making.
📍 Key Features
🟢 Wide Coverage: Covers over 14 crore Aadhaar-linked fertilizer buyers, 2.5 lakh+ retailers and around 7 crore metric tonnes of fertilizer sale transactions annually.
🟢 Subsidy Management: Supports the administration of nearly ₹2 lakh crore in fertilizer subsidy annually.
🟢 Digital Monitoring: New dashboards provide a consolidated view of production, imports, dispatches, movement, stocks and retail sales at national, State, district and retailer levels.
🟢 Data Analytics: Enables analysis of purchases across buyer categories, landholdings, crops, districts and fertilizer types to identify consumption patterns.
🟢 Farmer & Agricultural Data: Integration with Meri Fasal Mera Byora (MFMB) and AgriStack links fertilizer transactions with farmer, land and crop information.
#goverment_schemes
Join https://t.me/PIB_UPSC
https://t.me/upsc_government_scheme
📍 Why in News?
🟢 The Integrated Fertilizer Management System (iFMS) has entered a new phase with digital initiatives to strengthen transparency and fertilizer supply-chain monitoring.
📍 About iFMS
🟢 It is a digital platform that tracks fertilizer production, imports, movement, stocks, sales and subsidy.
🟢 Developed by: National Informatics Centre (NIC)
🟢 Technical Support: NIC for the Department of Fertilizers
🟢 Aim: To improve fertilizer availability, strengthen transparency and enable data-driven monitoring and decision-making.
📍 Key Features
🟢 Wide Coverage: Covers over 14 crore Aadhaar-linked fertilizer buyers, 2.5 lakh+ retailers and around 7 crore metric tonnes of fertilizer sale transactions annually.
🟢 Subsidy Management: Supports the administration of nearly ₹2 lakh crore in fertilizer subsidy annually.
🟢 Digital Monitoring: New dashboards provide a consolidated view of production, imports, dispatches, movement, stocks and retail sales at national, State, district and retailer levels.
🟢 Data Analytics: Enables analysis of purchases across buyer categories, landholdings, crops, districts and fertilizer types to identify consumption patterns.
🟢 Farmer & Agricultural Data: Integration with Meri Fasal Mera Byora (MFMB) and AgriStack links fertilizer transactions with farmer, land and crop information.
#goverment_schemes
Join https://t.me/PIB_UPSC
https://t.me/upsc_government_scheme
👏1
🔆 Crafts of the Vedic Age
📍 Early Vedic Age
🟢 The Early Vedic Period is associated with Ochre Coloured Pottery (OCP).
🟢 OCP was a Bronze Age culture of the Indo-Gangetic Plain.
🟢 It is generally dated to c. 2000–1500 BCE.
🟢 Its distribution extended from eastern Punjab to north-eastern Rajasthan and western Uttar Pradesh.
📍 Later Vedic Age
🟢 People were acquainted with four types of pottery:
🟢 Black and Red Ware
🟢 Black Slipped Ware
🟢 Painted Grey Ware (PGW)
🟢 Red Ware
📍 Painted Grey Ware (PGW)
🟢 Colour & Technique: Grey-coloured, wheel-made and thin-walled pottery.
🟢 Decoration: Decorated with geometric designs in red or black paint.
🟢 Characteristic Forms: Shallow dishes and deep bowls.
🟢 Distribution: Found across large parts of North India, with a high concentration in eastern Punjab and the central Gangetic Valley.
🟢 Significance: Associated with the introduction and spread of iron and overlaps with regions associated with the Later Vedic period.
#prelims
#art_and_culture
https://t.me/Studytoday1
https://t.me/upsc_art_and_culture
📍 Early Vedic Age
🟢 The Early Vedic Period is associated with Ochre Coloured Pottery (OCP).
🟢 OCP was a Bronze Age culture of the Indo-Gangetic Plain.
🟢 It is generally dated to c. 2000–1500 BCE.
🟢 Its distribution extended from eastern Punjab to north-eastern Rajasthan and western Uttar Pradesh.
📍 Later Vedic Age
🟢 People were acquainted with four types of pottery:
🟢 Black and Red Ware
🟢 Black Slipped Ware
🟢 Painted Grey Ware (PGW)
🟢 Red Ware
📍 Painted Grey Ware (PGW)
🟢 Colour & Technique: Grey-coloured, wheel-made and thin-walled pottery.
🟢 Decoration: Decorated with geometric designs in red or black paint.
🟢 Characteristic Forms: Shallow dishes and deep bowls.
🟢 Distribution: Found across large parts of North India, with a high concentration in eastern Punjab and the central Gangetic Valley.
🟢 Significance: Associated with the introduction and spread of iron and overlaps with regions associated with the Later Vedic period.
#prelims
#art_and_culture
https://t.me/Studytoday1
https://t.me/upsc_art_and_culture
❤5👏1
#Goodmorning
⏳263 days left CSP27 [ 23-05-27]
⏳352 days left CSM27 [ 20-08-27]
⏳109 days left EPFO 20 December
⏳95 days left UPPSC/RAS prelims 6 December
⏳89 Day left UKPSC 29 November
⏳75 day left KAS prelims 15 Nov
⏳57 days left OPSC mains 29 Oct
⏳53 day left 72nd BPSC Prelims 25 oct
⏳11 Day left CDS/NDA 2 13 Sept
⏳5 day left Mppsc mains 7 September
#Target
#TargetOnlyone
#Accountability
https://t.me/anmolvachan1
⏳263 days left CSP27 [ 23-05-27]
⏳352 days left CSM27 [ 20-08-27]
⏳109 days left EPFO 20 December
⏳95 days left UPPSC/RAS prelims 6 December
⏳89 Day left UKPSC 29 November
⏳75 day left KAS prelims 15 Nov
⏳57 days left OPSC mains 29 Oct
⏳53 day left 72nd BPSC Prelims 25 oct
⏳11 Day left CDS/NDA 2 13 Sept
⏳5 day left Mppsc mains 7 September
#Target
#TargetOnlyone
#Accountability
https://t.me/anmolvachan1
❤2
🔆 ONE LINERS – 01 SEPTEMBER 2026
🔆 GEOGRAPHY
📍 Emergency Over El Niño
🟢 Ecuador declares a national emergency and red alert due to El Niño.
🟢 Scale: Officials warn it could be the biggest El Niño on record.
🟢 Impact: Droughts and wildfires expected in the Amazon; wildfires in Indonesia and drought in Central America.
🟢 Regional Effect: El Salvador, Honduras, Panama and one-third of Peru’s cities also declared emergencies.
🟢 El Niño: Warming of central and eastern Pacific waters, disrupting rainfall, winds, atmospheric pressure, bird migration and fishing.
🔆 INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS & ISSUES
📍 Super Garuda Shield 2026 – Indonesia & U.S.
🟢 Opened on 31 August 2026 at Sesko TNI, Bandung; runs till 11 September 2026.
🟢 Participants: Around 5,000 personnel from Indonesia, the U.S. and 13 troop-contributing nations.
🟢 History: Began in 2006 as bilateral Garuda Shield; expanded into a multinational exercise in 2022.
🟢 Activities: Joint staff exercise, cyber drills, airborne operations, jungle training, amphibious and maritime exercises.
🟢 Significance: Strengthens U.S.–Indonesia defence cooperation and Indo-Pacific interoperability.
📍 U.S. Control of Venezuelan Oil Reserves
🟢 U.S. President announces a deal involving a joint venture overseeing 65 billion barrels of Venezuelan oil reserves.
🟢 Control: U.S. to retain 55% stake in the joint venture; a 100-year concession granted.
🟢 Impact: Could more than double American oil reserves and lower gasoline prices.
🟢 Significance: Venezuela holds the world’s largest proven oil reserves at around 303 billion barrels.
🔆 ECONOMY
📍 India’s Energy Demand by 2047
🟢 India’s energy demand is projected to grow 2.5 times by 2047, accounting for 25% of incremental global energy demand.
🟢 India is the 3rd-largest consumer of energy and oil, 3rd-largest refiner and 4th-largest LNG importer.
🟢 Significance: India is increasingly shaping the global energy landscape.
📍 India’s Coconut Exports 2026
🟢 Coconut exports recorded a 62% increase in 2025–26.
🟢 Activated Carbon: Dominant export product with 67% share; around 1.8 lakh tonnes exported.
🟢 Diversification: Virgin coconut oil, coconut milk, milk powder and coconut water.
🟢 Markets: Exported to 155+ countries; major markets include the U.S., UAE, Germany, Russia, UK and Netherlands.
🟢 World Coconut Day: Observed on 2 September.
🟢 2026 Theme: “Coconuts in Times of Uncertainty.”
📍 Own Revenue Ranking
🟢 Formula: Own Revenue = (Own Tax + Own Non-Tax Revenue) ÷ Revenue Receipts × 100.
🟢 Indicates a state’s revenue self-reliance, not its overall fiscal health.
🟢 Top: Delhi (93.2%), followed by Haryana (80.4%), Telangana (78.4%), Karnataka (77.3%) and Tamil Nadu (75.5%).
🟢 Lowest: Manipur (10.0%), Nagaland (12.5%), Arunachal Pradesh (12.8%), Tripura (16.6%) and Mizoram (19.6%).
🟢 Gap: Delhi and Manipur show a difference of 83.2 percentage points.
🔆 SECURITY
📍 Second Diving Support Vessel – INS Nipun
🟢 INS Nipun, the second Nistar-class Diving Support Vessel, commissioned on 31 August 2026 at Naval Dockyard, Mumbai.
🟢 Built indigenously by Hindustan Shipyard Limited (HSL), Visakhapatnam.
🟢 Role: Deep-sea diving, underwater intervention, salvage and submarine rescue.
🟢 Supports saturation, air and heliox diving with remotely operated underwater systems and medical facilities.
🟢 Deployment: Under the Western Naval Command.
🟢 Sister ship INS Nistar was commissioned in July 2025 under Eastern Naval Command.
🟢 Significance: Strengthens India’s position as a “Preferred Submarine Rescue Partner” in the Indian Ocean Region.
🔆 SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
📍 Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope
🟢 NASA’s next flagship $4-billion space observatory.
🟢 Launch: Planned aboard SpaceX Falcon Heavy from Kennedy Space Center, Florida.
🟢 Named after Nancy Grace Roman, NASA’s first Chief Astronomer.
🟢 Will study dark energy, dark matter, gravity and exoplanets.
🟢 Survey: Expected to map over 2 billion galaxies and measure the universe’s expansion.
🟢 Orbit:Lagrange Point 2 (L2), about 1.6 million km from Earth.
🟢 Significance: A major next-generation observatory complementing the Hubble and James Webb telescopes.
📍 Green Forge Complex – Mohali
🟢 First-of-its-kind Green Forge Complex inaugurated at BRIC-NABI, Mohali.
🟢 Purpose: Controlled simulation chambers for cultivation and experimentation involving GM crops.
🟢 Can vary light, humidity and temperature, integrating advanced simulation and AI.
🟢 Significance: Supports location-specific crop research and advances agricultural biotechnology.
🟢 Ecosystem: Linked with 22 manufacturing hubs and 8 specialised biofoundry facilities for startups, SMEs and researchers.
🔆 MISCELLANEOUS
📍 Lionel Messi – International Retirement
🟢 Lionel Messi, aged 39, announces retirement from international football after the 2026 season.
🟢 Career: Led Argentina to two Copa América titles and the 2022 FIFA World Cup.
🟢 Also reached the 2026 FIFA World Cup final.
🟢 Recognition: First footballer to receive the Princess of Asturias Award for sports and social impact.
#CurrentAffairs
🔆 GEOGRAPHY
📍 Emergency Over El Niño
🟢 Ecuador declares a national emergency and red alert due to El Niño.
🟢 Scale: Officials warn it could be the biggest El Niño on record.
🟢 Impact: Droughts and wildfires expected in the Amazon; wildfires in Indonesia and drought in Central America.
🟢 Regional Effect: El Salvador, Honduras, Panama and one-third of Peru’s cities also declared emergencies.
🟢 El Niño: Warming of central and eastern Pacific waters, disrupting rainfall, winds, atmospheric pressure, bird migration and fishing.
🔆 INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS & ISSUES
📍 Super Garuda Shield 2026 – Indonesia & U.S.
🟢 Opened on 31 August 2026 at Sesko TNI, Bandung; runs till 11 September 2026.
🟢 Participants: Around 5,000 personnel from Indonesia, the U.S. and 13 troop-contributing nations.
🟢 History: Began in 2006 as bilateral Garuda Shield; expanded into a multinational exercise in 2022.
🟢 Activities: Joint staff exercise, cyber drills, airborne operations, jungle training, amphibious and maritime exercises.
🟢 Significance: Strengthens U.S.–Indonesia defence cooperation and Indo-Pacific interoperability.
📍 U.S. Control of Venezuelan Oil Reserves
🟢 U.S. President announces a deal involving a joint venture overseeing 65 billion barrels of Venezuelan oil reserves.
🟢 Control: U.S. to retain 55% stake in the joint venture; a 100-year concession granted.
🟢 Impact: Could more than double American oil reserves and lower gasoline prices.
🟢 Significance: Venezuela holds the world’s largest proven oil reserves at around 303 billion barrels.
🔆 ECONOMY
📍 India’s Energy Demand by 2047
🟢 India’s energy demand is projected to grow 2.5 times by 2047, accounting for 25% of incremental global energy demand.
🟢 India is the 3rd-largest consumer of energy and oil, 3rd-largest refiner and 4th-largest LNG importer.
🟢 Significance: India is increasingly shaping the global energy landscape.
📍 India’s Coconut Exports 2026
🟢 Coconut exports recorded a 62% increase in 2025–26.
🟢 Activated Carbon: Dominant export product with 67% share; around 1.8 lakh tonnes exported.
🟢 Diversification: Virgin coconut oil, coconut milk, milk powder and coconut water.
🟢 Markets: Exported to 155+ countries; major markets include the U.S., UAE, Germany, Russia, UK and Netherlands.
🟢 World Coconut Day: Observed on 2 September.
🟢 2026 Theme: “Coconuts in Times of Uncertainty.”
📍 Own Revenue Ranking
🟢 Formula: Own Revenue = (Own Tax + Own Non-Tax Revenue) ÷ Revenue Receipts × 100.
🟢 Indicates a state’s revenue self-reliance, not its overall fiscal health.
🟢 Top: Delhi (93.2%), followed by Haryana (80.4%), Telangana (78.4%), Karnataka (77.3%) and Tamil Nadu (75.5%).
🟢 Lowest: Manipur (10.0%), Nagaland (12.5%), Arunachal Pradesh (12.8%), Tripura (16.6%) and Mizoram (19.6%).
🟢 Gap: Delhi and Manipur show a difference of 83.2 percentage points.
🔆 SECURITY
📍 Second Diving Support Vessel – INS Nipun
🟢 INS Nipun, the second Nistar-class Diving Support Vessel, commissioned on 31 August 2026 at Naval Dockyard, Mumbai.
🟢 Built indigenously by Hindustan Shipyard Limited (HSL), Visakhapatnam.
🟢 Role: Deep-sea diving, underwater intervention, salvage and submarine rescue.
🟢 Supports saturation, air and heliox diving with remotely operated underwater systems and medical facilities.
🟢 Deployment: Under the Western Naval Command.
🟢 Sister ship INS Nistar was commissioned in July 2025 under Eastern Naval Command.
🟢 Significance: Strengthens India’s position as a “Preferred Submarine Rescue Partner” in the Indian Ocean Region.
🔆 SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
📍 Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope
🟢 NASA’s next flagship $4-billion space observatory.
🟢 Launch: Planned aboard SpaceX Falcon Heavy from Kennedy Space Center, Florida.
🟢 Named after Nancy Grace Roman, NASA’s first Chief Astronomer.
🟢 Will study dark energy, dark matter, gravity and exoplanets.
🟢 Survey: Expected to map over 2 billion galaxies and measure the universe’s expansion.
🟢 Orbit:Lagrange Point 2 (L2), about 1.6 million km from Earth.
🟢 Significance: A major next-generation observatory complementing the Hubble and James Webb telescopes.
📍 Green Forge Complex – Mohali
🟢 First-of-its-kind Green Forge Complex inaugurated at BRIC-NABI, Mohali.
🟢 Purpose: Controlled simulation chambers for cultivation and experimentation involving GM crops.
🟢 Can vary light, humidity and temperature, integrating advanced simulation and AI.
🟢 Significance: Supports location-specific crop research and advances agricultural biotechnology.
🟢 Ecosystem: Linked with 22 manufacturing hubs and 8 specialised biofoundry facilities for startups, SMEs and researchers.
🔆 MISCELLANEOUS
📍 Lionel Messi – International Retirement
🟢 Lionel Messi, aged 39, announces retirement from international football after the 2026 season.
🟢 Career: Led Argentina to two Copa América titles and the 2022 FIFA World Cup.
🟢 Also reached the 2026 FIFA World Cup final.
🟢 Recognition: First footballer to receive the Princess of Asturias Award for sports and social impact.
#CurrentAffairs
❤5
🔆 Colonial Knowledge: Knowledge as an Instrument of Colonial Rule
📍 Why did the British study India?
🟢 Colonial conquest was achieved not only through superior arms, military organisation, political power and economic wealth, but also through “cultural technologies of rule”, as noted by Nicholas Dirks. Knowledge of Indian laws, customs, languages, society and geography helped the colonial state understand, classify and govern India more effectively.
📍 Warren Hastings and Colonial Knowledge
🟢 Warren Hastings wanted to end the Dual Government system under Robert Clive and lay the foundation of territorial rule in Bengal. However, he was not in favour of introducing English laws and ways in India. He preferred to rule the “conquered in their own way” by reconciling British rule with native Indian institutions.
🟢 Greater knowledge of Indian manners, customs, laws and literature would make British rule more acceptable to Indians and help keep revolts away.
📍 Asiatic Society of Bengal
🟢 Established by William Jones in 1784, the Society aimed to systematically study and unearth knowledge about Asia. Its journal was Asiatick Researches.
🟢 William Jones acquired mastery over Sanskrit language and literature. He authored A Digest of Hindu Law on Contract and Succession, which was translated into English and published after his death by Henry Thomas Colebrook in 1796.
🟢 Charles Wilkins translated the Bhagavad Gita.
🟢 Henry T. Colebrook, a renowned Orientalist and successor to Jones, was appointed Professor of Sanskrit at Fort William in 1800. He studied the Vedas, placed them chronologically before the Puranas and outlined the existence of a monotheistic tradition in ancient India.
📍 Codification of Hindu Laws
🟢 Hastings’ judicial reforms revealed differing interpretations of local laws by Brahman Pandits based on different schools of Dharmashastra.
🟢 To bring uniformity, 11 Pandits compiled a digest of Hindu laws, which N.B. Halhed translated into English as A Code of Gentoo Laws.
🟢 A Code of Gentoo Laws and A Digest of Hindu Law on Contract and Succession emerged as authoritative texts on Hindu law, with the Company government bearing the cost of their compilation and publication.
📍 Survey and Mapping
🟢 The office of the Surveyor General of Bengal was established under Warren Hastings, and James Rennell became its first Surveyor General in 1764.
🟢 Rennell produced the Map of Hindoostan, the first authoritative mapping exercise of India. Sepoys and British Army officials were engaged in the survey and mapping process.
📍 Administrators-cum-Scholars
🟢 Fort William College contributed to the emergence of administrators-cum-scholars, who applied their knowledge of India to colonial administration and induced significant changes in Indian society.
📍 Conclusion
🟢 Thus, colonial knowledge was not merely academic. The systematic study of India’s laws, texts, languages, customs and geography became an important instrument for administering, controlling and legitimising colonial rule.
#history #prelims #mains
Join https://t.me/CSE_EXAM https://t.me/Upsc_4_history
📍 Why did the British study India?
🟢 Colonial conquest was achieved not only through superior arms, military organisation, political power and economic wealth, but also through “cultural technologies of rule”, as noted by Nicholas Dirks. Knowledge of Indian laws, customs, languages, society and geography helped the colonial state understand, classify and govern India more effectively.
📍 Warren Hastings and Colonial Knowledge
🟢 Warren Hastings wanted to end the Dual Government system under Robert Clive and lay the foundation of territorial rule in Bengal. However, he was not in favour of introducing English laws and ways in India. He preferred to rule the “conquered in their own way” by reconciling British rule with native Indian institutions.
🟢 Greater knowledge of Indian manners, customs, laws and literature would make British rule more acceptable to Indians and help keep revolts away.
📍 Asiatic Society of Bengal
🟢 Established by William Jones in 1784, the Society aimed to systematically study and unearth knowledge about Asia. Its journal was Asiatick Researches.
🟢 William Jones acquired mastery over Sanskrit language and literature. He authored A Digest of Hindu Law on Contract and Succession, which was translated into English and published after his death by Henry Thomas Colebrook in 1796.
🟢 Charles Wilkins translated the Bhagavad Gita.
🟢 Henry T. Colebrook, a renowned Orientalist and successor to Jones, was appointed Professor of Sanskrit at Fort William in 1800. He studied the Vedas, placed them chronologically before the Puranas and outlined the existence of a monotheistic tradition in ancient India.
📍 Codification of Hindu Laws
🟢 Hastings’ judicial reforms revealed differing interpretations of local laws by Brahman Pandits based on different schools of Dharmashastra.
🟢 To bring uniformity, 11 Pandits compiled a digest of Hindu laws, which N.B. Halhed translated into English as A Code of Gentoo Laws.
🟢 A Code of Gentoo Laws and A Digest of Hindu Law on Contract and Succession emerged as authoritative texts on Hindu law, with the Company government bearing the cost of their compilation and publication.
📍 Survey and Mapping
🟢 The office of the Surveyor General of Bengal was established under Warren Hastings, and James Rennell became its first Surveyor General in 1764.
🟢 Rennell produced the Map of Hindoostan, the first authoritative mapping exercise of India. Sepoys and British Army officials were engaged in the survey and mapping process.
📍 Administrators-cum-Scholars
🟢 Fort William College contributed to the emergence of administrators-cum-scholars, who applied their knowledge of India to colonial administration and induced significant changes in Indian society.
📍 Conclusion
🟢 Thus, colonial knowledge was not merely academic. The systematic study of India’s laws, texts, languages, customs and geography became an important instrument for administering, controlling and legitimising colonial rule.
#history #prelims #mains
Join https://t.me/CSE_EXAM https://t.me/Upsc_4_history
❤5
#Goodmorning
⏳262 days left CSP27 [ 23-05-27]
⏳351 days left CSM27 [ 20-08-27]
⏳108 days left EPFO 20 December
⏳94 days left UPPSC/RAS prelims 6 December
⏳88 Days left UKPSC 29 November
⏳84 days left Ifos mains 25 November
⏳74 days left KAS prelims 15 Nov
⏳56 days left OPSC mains 29 Oct
⏳52 days left 72nd BPSC Prelims 25 oct
⏳10 Days left CDS/NDA 2 13 Sept
⏳4 days left Mppsc mains 7 September
#Target
#TargetOnlyone
#Accountability
https://t.me/anmolvachan1
⏳262 days left CSP27 [ 23-05-27]
⏳351 days left CSM27 [ 20-08-27]
⏳108 days left EPFO 20 December
⏳94 days left UPPSC/RAS prelims 6 December
⏳88 Days left UKPSC 29 November
⏳84 days left Ifos mains 25 November
⏳74 days left KAS prelims 15 Nov
⏳56 days left OPSC mains 29 Oct
⏳52 days left 72nd BPSC Prelims 25 oct
⏳10 Days left CDS/NDA 2 13 Sept
⏳4 days left Mppsc mains 7 September
#Target
#TargetOnlyone
#Accountability
https://t.me/anmolvachan1
❤2
🔆 SEBI’s IT Resilience Index (ITRI)
📍 Why in News?
🟢 SEBI has introduced the IT Resilience Index (ITRI) for Market Infrastructure Institutions (MIIs).
📍 What is ITRI?
🟢 A quantitative regulatory scorecard to assess the technological resilience of critical capital-market infrastructure.
🟢 Measures cybersecurity, fault tolerance, reliability and disaster-recovery capabilities.
🟢 Similar to how capital adequacy ratios assess financial health in banking, ITRI measures digital resilience in capital markets.
📍 Key Features
🟢 Uses a 9-parameter weighted framework to quantitatively benchmark IT resilience.
🟢 Availability – 20% and Cybersecurity – 20% are the major parameters.
🟢 Business Continuity – 10% and Reliability – 10% assess recovery capabilities.
🟢 Scalability – 5% evaluates the ability to handle sudden transaction-volume surges.
🟢 Requires an automated Early Warning System (EWS) to detect performance degradation, latency spikes and hardware stress.
📍 Objective
🟢 Ensure trading, clearing, settlement and depository systems can withstand, absorb and recover from cyberattacks, software failures, operational shocks and transaction surges.
📍 Significance
🟢 Shifts regulation from static compliance to measurable digital resilience.
🟢 Helps prevent failures at exchanges and depositories from creating systemic financial disruptions.
🟢 Complements SEBI’s technology roadmap covering AI/ML, SupTech/RegTech and quantum-safe cryptography.
🎯 Prelims Pointers
🟢 Regulator: SEBI
🟢 Index: IT Resilience Index (ITRI)
🟢 Coverage: Market Infrastructure Institutions (MIIs)
🟢 Highest weights: Availability & Cybersecurity — 20% each
🟢 Early Warning System: Mandatory
#Economy
📍 Why in News?
🟢 SEBI has introduced the IT Resilience Index (ITRI) for Market Infrastructure Institutions (MIIs).
📍 What is ITRI?
🟢 A quantitative regulatory scorecard to assess the technological resilience of critical capital-market infrastructure.
🟢 Measures cybersecurity, fault tolerance, reliability and disaster-recovery capabilities.
🟢 Similar to how capital adequacy ratios assess financial health in banking, ITRI measures digital resilience in capital markets.
📍 Key Features
🟢 Uses a 9-parameter weighted framework to quantitatively benchmark IT resilience.
🟢 Availability – 20% and Cybersecurity – 20% are the major parameters.
🟢 Business Continuity – 10% and Reliability – 10% assess recovery capabilities.
🟢 Scalability – 5% evaluates the ability to handle sudden transaction-volume surges.
🟢 Requires an automated Early Warning System (EWS) to detect performance degradation, latency spikes and hardware stress.
📍 Objective
🟢 Ensure trading, clearing, settlement and depository systems can withstand, absorb and recover from cyberattacks, software failures, operational shocks and transaction surges.
📍 Significance
🟢 Shifts regulation from static compliance to measurable digital resilience.
🟢 Helps prevent failures at exchanges and depositories from creating systemic financial disruptions.
🟢 Complements SEBI’s technology roadmap covering AI/ML, SupTech/RegTech and quantum-safe cryptography.
🎯 Prelims Pointers
🟢 Regulator: SEBI
🟢 Index: IT Resilience Index (ITRI)
🟢 Coverage: Market Infrastructure Institutions (MIIs)
🟢 Highest weights: Availability & Cybersecurity — 20% each
🟢 Early Warning System: Mandatory
#Economy
❤1
🔆 EXERCISE SUPER GARUDA SHIELD 2026
🔹Context:
• The 5th edition of Super Garuda Shield (SGS) 2026, a major multinational military exercise, is being conducted in Indonesia from 31 August to 11 September 2026.
🔹 About the Exercise:
• Type: Multilateral military exercise
• Host: Indonesia
• Key partners: Indonesia & United States
• 2026 edition: 5th Super Garuda Shield
• Participants: 21 countries
• Personnel: Around 4,743 multinational troops
• India: Participating country
• Japan: Participating; Japan first joined in 2022 and is participating for the 5th time in 2026.
🔹 Major Components:
• Staff Exercise (Staffex)
• Cyber Exercise (Cyberex)
• Humanitarian Assistance & Disaster Relief (HADR)
• Field Training Exercise (FTX)
• Airborne operations
• Air operations
• Special Operations Forces
• Naval & Marine operations
• Land combat
• Joint land-strike operations
• Medical evacuation (Medevac)
🔹 Humanitarian Dimension:
• Humanitarian Civic Activities (HCA) include:
• ENCAP: School renovation + road improvement
• MEDCAP: General medical treatment for 500 people
• Mass circumcision for 50 children
• Distribution of 1,000 food/essential-goods packages
🔹 Significance for India / UPSC:
• Strengthens India–Indonesia defence cooperation.
• Enhances interoperability with Indo-Pacific partner militaries.
• Supports India's defence diplomacy and engagement with ASEAN/Indo-Pacific.
• Builds capabilities for joint operations, HADR, cyber warfare and military readiness.
• Relevant to India's broader vision of a free, open and stable Indo-Pacific.
🔹Context:
• The 5th edition of Super Garuda Shield (SGS) 2026, a major multinational military exercise, is being conducted in Indonesia from 31 August to 11 September 2026.
🔹 About the Exercise:
• Type: Multilateral military exercise
• Host: Indonesia
• Key partners: Indonesia & United States
• 2026 edition: 5th Super Garuda Shield
• Participants: 21 countries
• Personnel: Around 4,743 multinational troops
• India: Participating country
• Japan: Participating; Japan first joined in 2022 and is participating for the 5th time in 2026.
🔹 Major Components:
• Staff Exercise (Staffex)
• Cyber Exercise (Cyberex)
• Humanitarian Assistance & Disaster Relief (HADR)
• Field Training Exercise (FTX)
• Airborne operations
• Air operations
• Special Operations Forces
• Naval & Marine operations
• Land combat
• Joint land-strike operations
• Medical evacuation (Medevac)
🔹 Humanitarian Dimension:
• Humanitarian Civic Activities (HCA) include:
• ENCAP: School renovation + road improvement
• MEDCAP: General medical treatment for 500 people
• Mass circumcision for 50 children
• Distribution of 1,000 food/essential-goods packages
🔹 Significance for India / UPSC:
• Strengthens India–Indonesia defence cooperation.
• Enhances interoperability with Indo-Pacific partner militaries.
• Supports India's defence diplomacy and engagement with ASEAN/Indo-Pacific.
• Builds capabilities for joint operations, HADR, cyber warfare and military readiness.
• Relevant to India's broader vision of a free, open and stable Indo-Pacific.
❤4
Bringing together 11 major emerging markets and developing countries, BRICS provides a platform for consultation and cooperation on global and regional issues, including political and economic governance.
Its growing membership reflects the changing balance of global influence.
The Numbers Behind BRICS’ Growing Power
BRICS by numbers: the bloc’s global economic weight is significant.
Its 11 member nations represent 49.5% of the world’s population, 40% of global GDP and 26% of global trade , underscoring its growing importance in the global economic landscape.
Its growing membership reflects the changing balance of global influence.
The Numbers Behind BRICS’ Growing Power
BRICS by numbers: the bloc’s global economic weight is significant.
Its 11 member nations represent 49.5% of the world’s population, 40% of global GDP and 26% of global trade , underscoring its growing importance in the global economic landscape.