CSE EXAM upsc prelims mains CAPF CDS NDA

🔆 CURRENT AFFAIRS – 04 SEPTEMBER 2026

🔆 HISTORY, ART & CULTURE

📍 Gollala Gudi Temple – Telangana
🟢 ASI has notified Gollala Gudi Temple as a Monument of National Importance for its exquisite carvings.
🟢 Location: Palampet, Mulugu district, Telangana, near the UNESCO-listed Ramappa Temple.
🟢 Period: Built during the Kakatiya Dynasty (12th–14th centuries).
🟢 Architecture: Trikutalaya with three sanctums and an east-facing mandapa.
🟢 Sculptures include dvarapalas, musicians, dancers, madanikas, lions, Vishnu, Lakshmi, Ganesha and Mahishasuramardini Durga.
🟢 Protected under the Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Sites and Remains Act, 1958.

🔆 POLITY & GOVERNANCE

📍 Retirement Age for District Judges
🟢 In All India Judges Association v. Union of India (2026), the Supreme Court directed several States to raise the retirement age of district judicial officers from 60 to 62 years.
🟢 Supreme Court judges: Retirement age – 65 years.
🟢 High Court judges: Retirement age – 62 years.
🟢 District & lower judiciary: Existing age – 60 years, with the Court pushing for enhancement to 62 years.
🟢 Background: Over 5.18 crore cases are pending in district courts.
🟢 Significance: Retaining experienced judicial officers could help address vacancies and reduce judicial delays.

🔆 ECONOMy

📍 Global Bond Sell-Off
🟢 A global bond sell-off occurs when investors simultaneously sell government and corporate bonds.
🟢 Major triggers: High inflation and massive US debt issuance.
🟢 Impact on Governments: Higher bond yields can increase future borrowing costs and strain public finances, including in India.
🟢 Impact on Private Sector: Higher borrowing costs may reduce private investment and increase financing expenses for businesses.

📍 Chipflation
🟢 Chipflation refers to rising prices of memory and semiconductor chips driven by massive demand from AI data centres.
🟢 The resulting chip shortage can increase prices of everyday consumer electronics.
🟢 Significance: Highlights how the global AI investment boom can create supply pressures across the wider electronics industry.

🔆 ENVIRONMENT

📍 National Wildlife Day 2026
🟢 Observed twice annually on 4 September and 22 February.
🟢 First celebrated: September 2005.
🟢 Established by: Animal behaviourist and philanthropist Colleen Paige.
🟢 Objective: Raise awareness about wildlife species and promote their conservation.
🟢 Do not confuse with: World Wildlife Day, observed annually on 3 March.

📍 International Vulture Awareness Day 2026
🟢 Observed on the first Saturday of September; falls on 5 September 2026.
🟢 Objective: Highlight the ecological importance and conservation needs of vultures.
🟢 Ecological role: Vultures rapidly consume animal carcasses, acting as nature’s clean-up crew and helping reduce risks from decaying carcasses.

📍 India–Germany Joint Declaration on Wetland Conservation
🟢 India and Germany signed a Joint Declaration of Intent on conservation and wise use of wetlands of international importance.
🟢 Signed during the 4th Indo-German Environment Forum (IGEF).
🟢 IGEF: Highest-level bilateral India–Germany forum on environmental policy; held since 2008.
🟢 Theme: “Together For More Resilience.”
🟢 Objective: Strengthen scientific cooperation and exchange best practices in wetland management.

🔆 SECURITY

📍 Khagantak-243
🟢 IAF successfully conducted a trial of the indigenous Khagantak-243 from a Su-30MKI at Pokhran Field Firing Range, Rajasthan.
🟢 Type: 300-kg-class airborne long-range stand-off precision-guided glide bomb.
🟢 Developer: Jointly designed by Bharat Electronics Limited (BEL) and JSR Dynamics under the Development-cum-Production Partner model.
🟢 Range: 144–180 km when released from around 12 km altitude at Mach 0.8.
🟢 Glide bomb: Uses wings and flight-control surfaces to glide towards a target after being released from a distance.
🟢 Design: Cylindrical body, swivel-type mid-body glide wings and five aft control surfaces.

🔆 SPORTS

📍 6th World Nomad Games
🟢 Held in Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan, from 31 August to 6 September 2026.
🟢 Nature: Biennial event celebrating the sporting traditions, culture and heritage of nomadic civilisations.
🟢 Origin: Linked to the Bishkek Declaration (2012) involving Kyrgyzstan, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan and Türkiye.
🟢 Participation: Athletes from 100+ countries.
🟢 2026 edition: Features 43 disciplines, including traditional wrestling, Kok Boru, equestrian events, Toguz Korgool, Mangala and tug of war.
🟢 Cultural programme: UNESCO-recognised activities including Echo of Nomads, Nomad Fest, Heritage of Nomads, Art Lab and Ethno-Bazaar.
🟢 Indian contingent:87 members – 73 athletes, 10 cultural representatives and 4 participants in the scientific programme.

🔆 INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS & ISSUES

📍 UN Votes to Adopt New World Map
🟢 UN General Assembly voted for the “Correct the Map” resolution to promote a world map that more accurately represents the relative size of continents, particularly Africa.
🟢 Sponsored by:Togo, backed by African Union members.
🟢 Voting: Supported by 164 countries, including France and the UK; the US voted against and six countries abstained.
🟢 Mercator Projection: Developed by Gerardus Mercator in 1569 and widely used for navigation.
🟢 Problem: Mercator projection exaggerates the size of regions near the poles; Africa appears comparable to Greenland despite being about 14 times larger.
🟢 Alternative:Equal Earth projection, developed in 2018, represents relative continental areas more accurately.
🟢 Significance: Highlights the importance of map projections in shaping perceptions of geographical size.

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