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🔆 GISAT-1A / EOS-05

📍 Why in News?
🟢 ISRO achieved its first successful launch of 2026 by placing GISAT-1A (EOS-05) into orbit aboard GSLV-F17 from Sriharikota.
🟢 The launch marks ISRO’s comeback after the PSLV-C62 failure in January 2026.

📍 About GISAT
🟢 GISAT = Geo Imaging Satellite and is an Earth observation satellite.
🟢 Operates from a geosynchronous orbit at an altitude of approximately 36,000 km.
🟢 It enables continuous and repeated observation of India and adjacent regions.
🟢 It is India’s first dedicated imaging satellite operating from geosynchronous orbit.

📍 Why is it Significant?
🟢 LEO satellites provide high spatial resolution but only periodic coverage.
🟢 GISAT-1A enables continuous, wide-area observation, providing a major advantage in monitoring dynamic events.

📍 Applications
🟢 Disaster Management: Cyclone and flood monitoring, forest-fire and smoke detection, cloud observation, and emergency response.
🟢 Agriculture & Environment: Monitoring crop health, drought, snow cover, glaciers, water bodies and environmental changes.
🟢 Strategic & Security: Wide-area monitoring of western and northern borders, maritime and coastal surveillance, and enhanced situational awareness.

📍 Prelims
🟢 GISAT: Geo Imaging Satellite
🟢 EOS: Earth Observation Satellite
🟢 LEO: Low Earth Orbit
🟢 GSLV-F17: Launch vehicle used for GISAT-1A/EOS-05
🟢 Orbit: Geosynchronous orbit at ~36,000 km

#GS3
#prelims
#science_technology
#science_and_technology

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3rd September pib summary
#pib

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🔆 Gurudwara Reform Movement (Akali Movement)

📍 Background
🟢 Rationalist and progressive ideas of the 19th century influenced the Sikh community.
🟢 The Singh Sabha Movement, founded at Amritsar in 1873, promoted Western education and countered revivalist influences.
🟢 The Gurudwara Reform Movement, also known as the Akali Movement, emerged as an offshoot of the Singh Sabha Movement.

📍 Objective
🟢 To liberate Sikh Gurudwaras from the control of corrupt mahants, who enjoyed government support.

📍 The Movement
🟢 In 1921, the Akalis launched a mass non-violent, non-cooperation satyagraha against the mahants.
🟢 Groups of agitators compelled mahants and managers to hand over control of Gurudwaras to local devotees.
🟢 Initially, the government supported the reformers but changed its approach as the movement increasingly became linked with the national movement.

📍 Government Response
🟢 The British passed the Sikh Gurdwara Act, 1922, which was amended in 1925.
🟢 The legislation transferred control of Gurudwaras to the Akalis to appease the Moderate Akalis, while the government used repression against the Extremist Akalis.

📍 Significance
🟢 The Akalis participated in the freedom struggle whenever called upon.
🟢 Though the movement was sectarian in character, it was not communal.
🟢 It represented the assertion of Sikh religious autonomy against corrupt control and colonial interference.

#history #prelims #mains

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4th September pib summary
#pib

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🔆 Gollala Gudi Temple — Monument of National Importance

📍 Why in News?
🟢 The Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) has notified the Gollala Gudi Temple as a Monument of National Importance for its exquisite carvings.

📍 Location
🟢 Palampet, Mulugu district, Telangana
🟢 Located near the UNESCO-listed Ramappa Temple.

📍 Historical Background
🟢 Built during the Kakatiya Dynasty (12th–14th centuries).
🟢 It represents the distinctive architectural and sculptural traditions of the Kakatiya period.

📍 Architectural Features
🟢 Trikutalaya — a three-sanctum shrine with an east-facing mandapa (pillared hall).
🟢 Contains three garbhagrihas; the central sanctum houses a Shiva lingam.
🟢 Parapets are decorated with sculptures.
🟢 The entablature and doorways feature rows of carved hamsas along with jali (latticework).

📍 Sculptural & Artistic Features
🟢 Sculptures include dvarapalas, musicians, dancers, madanikas (celestial maidens) and lions.
🟢 Wall niches depict Vishnu, Lakshmi, Ganesha and Mahishasuramardini Durga.

📍 Legal Protection
🟢 The notification comes under the Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Sites and Remains Act, 1958 (AMASR Act).

#prelims
#art_and_culture

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