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The toughest exam of the Nation & Dreams of many UPSC CSE.
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๐Ÿ”† International Literacy Day 2026: ULLAS Mela

๐Ÿ“ Why in News?
The two-day International Literacy Day 2026 observance concluded in New Delhi with the ULLAS Mela, inaugurated by DoSEL Secretary Shri T. K. Anil Kumar.

๐Ÿ“ ULLAS Mela
๐ŸŸข The Mela showcased literacy best practices through exhibition stalls.
๐ŸŸข 28 States/UTs participated.
๐ŸŸข Key institutional participants included NCERT, NCTE and NIOS.
๐ŸŸข It serves as the annual public showcase of the ULLAS initiative.

๐Ÿ“ ULLAS
๐ŸŸข Full Form: Understanding of Lifelong Learning for All in Society.
๐ŸŸข It is the Centreโ€™s ongoing movement for adult literacy and functional literacy.
๐ŸŸข It extends the literacy agenda beyond basic reading and writing towards practical capabilities needed in everyday life.

๐Ÿ“ Emerging Dimensions of Literacy
๐ŸŸข Financial literacy โ€” understanding financial services and decisions.
๐ŸŸข Legal literacy โ€” awareness of rights and legal provisions.
๐ŸŸข Digital literacy โ€” ability to engage effectively with digital technologies.
๐ŸŸข Electoral literacy โ€” awareness and informed participation in the electoral process.

๐Ÿ“ Key Institutional Stakeholders
๐ŸŸข DoSEL: Department of School Education & Literacy.
๐ŸŸข NCERT: National Council of Educational Research and Training.
๐ŸŸข NCTE: National Council for Teacher Education.
๐ŸŸข NIOS: National Institute of Open Schooling.
๐ŸŸข States/UTs: Key partners in implementing and showcasing adult-literacy initiatives.

๐Ÿ“ Key Takeaway
ULLAS reflects the changing meaning of literacyโ€”from traditional literacy towards lifelong, functional, financial, legal, digital and electoral literacy, supporting more informed and empowered citizens.

๐Ÿ“Œ Prelims Quick Fact

ULLAS โ†’ Understanding of Lifelong Learning for All in Society
ULLAS Mela โ†’ 28 States/UTs + NCERT + NCTE + NIOS

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14th September pib summary
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๐Ÿ”† PENSION SAKHIS: BRIDGING THE PENSION AWARENESS GAP IN RURAL INDIA

๐Ÿ“ Why in News?
๐ŸŸข The Department of Rural Development (DoRD) and the Pension Fund Regulatory and Development Authority (PFRDA) signed an MoU to establish and support a community-based outreach mechanism of Pension Sakhis across rural India.

๐Ÿ“ About Pension Sakhis
๐ŸŸข Pension Sakhis are trusted community-level facilitators who promote pension awareness and retirement planning among rural households.
๐ŸŸข Target Groups: Self-Help Group (SHG) members, rural women, Lakhpati Didis and other rural participants.
๐ŸŸข Nodal Institutions: DoRD and PFRDA.
๐ŸŸข Core Focus: Pension enrolment, financial awareness and informed decision-making.

๐Ÿ“ Key Features
๐ŸŸข Community-Based Outreach: Leverages the extensive institutional network of DAY-NRLM (Deendayal Antyodaya Yojanaโ€“National Rural Livelihoods Mission).
๐ŸŸข Women-Led Financial Inclusion: Utilises women-led SHGs, Banking Correspondent (BC) Sakhis and trained community resource persons to reach underserved households.
๐ŸŸข Doorstep Services: Provides information on pensions and retirement planning, facilitates enrolment and assists households in understanding pension-related services.
๐ŸŸข Pension Awareness: Promotes awareness and adoption of pension products, including the National Pension System (NPS).
๐ŸŸข Digital Monitoring: Uses digital dashboards, mobile and web-based solutions, and unique identifier-based tracking through Central Recordkeeping Agencies to monitor outreach, enrolment and performance.

๐Ÿ“ Significance
๐ŸŸข Financial Inclusion: Expands access to pension-related information and services in rural areas.
๐ŸŸข Womenโ€™s Empowerment: Strengthens the role of rural women as community-level financial facilitators.
๐ŸŸข Social Security: Encourages retirement planning and awareness of old-age financial security.
๐ŸŸข Last-Mile Delivery: Uses trusted local networks to address barriers to accessing formal financial services.

๐Ÿ”† UPSC MAINS QUESTION
๐Ÿ“ โ€œCommunity-based institutions can play a crucial role in deepening financial inclusion and expanding social security coverage in rural India.โ€ Discuss with reference to the Pension Sakhi initiative. (GS-II: Governance / GS-III: Inclusive Growth)

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16th September editorial summary

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UGC NET Dec Cycle exam will be conducted from 14-21 dec 2026
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#Goodmorning  

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๐Ÿ”† ONE LINERS โ€“ 14 SEPTEMBER 2026

๐Ÿ“ HISTORY, ART & CULTURE

๐Ÿ”† Sir Thomas Munro
๐ŸŸข Sir Thomas Munro (1761โ€“1827) was a Scottish soldier, administrator and Governor of Madras (1820โ€“1827).
๐ŸŸข Along with Alexander Read, he pioneered the Ryotwari System, under which land revenue was settled directly with individual cultivators (ryots).
๐ŸŸข Advocated greater participation of native Indians in governance and drafted the first comprehensive public education policy for Madras Presidency.
๐ŸŸข Initiated the first statistical survey of indigenous education in 1822 and helped shape the modern district administration.
๐ŸŸข Distinguished himself in the Anglo-Mysore and Pindari Wars.
๐ŸŸข Died of cholera in 1827 while touring Pattikonda, Andhra Pradesh; buried at CSI St. Maryโ€™s Church, Fort St. George, Chennai.

๐Ÿ“ GEOGRAPHY & CLIMATE

๐Ÿ”† Nilgiri Hills โ€“ First Hill Station of British Raj
๐ŸŸข Located at the tri-junction of Tamil Nadu, Kerala and Karnataka, forming a meeting point of the Eastern and Western Ghats.
๐ŸŸข Part of the UNESCO-designated Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve.
๐ŸŸข Doddabetta (2,637 m) is the highest peak of the Nilgiris and Tamil Nadu.
๐ŸŸข Famous for Neelakurinji, which blooms roughly once every 12 years.
๐ŸŸข Ecosystem comprises shola forests and grasslands; major rivers include Bhavani, Moyar and Kabini.
๐ŸŸข Nilgiri Mountain Railway connects Mettupalayam and Ooty and is part of a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
๐ŸŸข Indigenous communities include Toda, Kota, Kurumba and Irula.

๐Ÿ”† Warmest August 2026 Ever Recorded
๐ŸŸข August 2026 was the warmest August and warmest month globally on record.
๐ŸŸข Global temperature was 1.65ยฐC above the 1850โ€“1900 pre-industrial baseline.
๐ŸŸข It was the first month above 1.5ยฐC since November 2025.
๐ŸŸข Juneโ€“August 2026 was jointly the warmest three-month period on record, alongside 2024.
๐ŸŸข India recorded its warmest August since 1901, with a mean monthly temperature of 28.01ยฐC.
๐ŸŸข Global average surface air temperature: 16.96ยฐC, or 0.85ยฐC above the 1991โ€“2020 average.
๐ŸŸข A single month above 1.5ยฐC does not mean the long-term Paris Agreement threshold has been breached.

๐Ÿ“ INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS & ISSUES

๐Ÿ”† Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations (CEPI)
๐ŸŸข CEPI is a global public-private partnership accelerating development of vaccines against epidemic and pandemic threats.
๐ŸŸข Headquarters: Oslo, Norway.
๐ŸŸข A high-level CEPI Board and Investors Council reception was hosted jointly by DBT, Government of India, and CEPI in New Delhi.
๐ŸŸข DBTโ€“BIRACโ€“CEPI partnership has operated since 2019 and was renewed in 2025.
๐ŸŸข Ind-CEPI outcomes: GEMCOVAC-19, Indiaโ€™s first mRNA COVID-19 vaccine; Chikungunya vaccine candidate in Phase II/III; nanocage-based candidates for Monkeypox and pan-sarbecoviruses at pre-clinical stage.

๐Ÿ”† Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S)
๐ŸŸข C3S reported August 2026 as the joint-warmest month ever recorded globally, alongside July 2023.
๐ŸŸข It is one of the six thematic environmental services of the EUโ€™s Copernicus Programme.
๐ŸŸข Managed by the European Commission and implemented by the ECMWF.
๐ŸŸข Objective: Provide an authoritative, quality-assured climate database supporting climate adaptation and mitigation policies.

๐Ÿ“ SECURITY

๐Ÿ”† New Weapon & Missile Testing Range โ€“ Junput
๐ŸŸข West Bengal Government approved DRDOโ€™s proposal for a new weapon and missile testing range at Junput, Purba Medinipur.
๐ŸŸข Located along the Bay of Bengal, around 70 km from Chandipur.
๐ŸŸข Intended to share the workload of Odishaโ€™s testing range and strengthen Indiaโ€™s defence testing infrastructure.
๐ŸŸข Proposed as the third major DRDO testing hub, after Chandipur facilities in Odisha and the proposed centre in Andhra Pradesh.
๐ŸŸข Indiaโ€™s existing Integrated Test Range (ITR) operates across two launch complexes in Odisha.

๐Ÿ“ SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

๐Ÿ”† National HPV Vaccination Campaign
๐ŸŸข India crossed 80 lakh (8 million) HPV vaccine doses under its national cervical-cancer prevention campaign.
๐ŸŸข Launched in February 2026, providing voluntary, free single-dose HPV vaccination to 14-year-old girls with parental consent.
๐ŸŸข Vaccine: Gardasil-4, a quadrivalent vaccine covering high-risk HPV 16 and 18.
๐ŸŸข Vaccination is provided free of cost at government health facilities.
๐ŸŸข Around 1.2 crore girls form the annual cohort of 14-year-olds expected to benefit.
๐ŸŸข Globally, 800+ million HPV vaccine doses have been distributed.
๐ŸŸข Adoption in national immunisation programmes: 87% upper-middle-income, 78% lower-middle-income and 54% low-income countries.

๐Ÿ“ SPORTS

๐Ÿ”† US Open Tennis Championships 2026
๐ŸŸข 146th edition was held at the USTA Billie Jean King National Tennis Center, New York.
๐ŸŸข Prize money:$108 million, a record high.
๐ŸŸข Menโ€™s Singles:Alexander Zverev (Germany) defeated Ben Shelton (USA).
๐ŸŸข Womenโ€™s Singles:Elena Rybakina (Kazakhstan) defeated Aryna Sabalenka (Belarus).
๐ŸŸข Menโ€™s Doubles:Christian Harrison & Neal Skupski defeated Kevin Krawietz & Tim Pรผtz.
๐ŸŸข Womenโ€™s Doubles:Kateล™ina Siniakovรก & Taylor Townsend defeated Ashlyn Krueger & Robin Montgomery.
๐ŸŸข Mixed Doubles:Karolรญna Muchovรก & Jakub Menลกรญk defeated Belinda Bencic & Flavio Cobolli.
๐ŸŸข Wheelchair Menโ€™s Singles:Alfie Hewett defeated Tokito Oda.
๐ŸŸข Ben Shelton became the first Black American man since Arthur Ashe (1972) to reach a US Open final.
๐ŸŸข The tournament lasted 22 days, making it the longest US Open.

๐Ÿ“ MISCELLANEOUS

๐Ÿ”† World EV Day 2026
๐ŸŸข Observed annually on 9 September to promote electric mobility and cleaner transportation.
๐ŸŸข 2026 Theme:โ€œSwitching Electric: driving down the cost of motoring.โ€
๐ŸŸข The accompanying India EV snapshot highlights 297,820 EV registrations in August, with Uttar Pradesh recording the highest state registrations.

๐Ÿ”† Worldโ€™s Longest Steel Slag Road
๐ŸŸข India set a Guinness World Record with the worldโ€™s longest steel slag road at Raigarh, Chhattisgarh.
๐ŸŸข Length:1.85 km.
๐ŸŸข Uses processed steel slag, a by-product of steel production, converted into road aggregates.
๐ŸŸข Can reduce construction costs by around 40% while providing approximately 4ร— the strength of conventional roads.
๐ŸŸข Developed by CSIRโ€“Central Road Research Institute (CSIR-CRRI) with private-sector participation from Jindal Steel Limited.
๐ŸŸข Expected maintenance cycle: nearly 15 years before major upkeep.
๐ŸŸข The processed aggregate is commercially branded as โ€œSteel Grit.โ€

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14th September UPSC current affairs

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