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🔆 International Literacy Day 2026: ULLAS Mela

📍 Why in News?
The two-day International Literacy Day 2026 observance concluded in New Delhi with the ULLAS Mela, inaugurated by DoSEL Secretary Shri T. K. Anil Kumar.

📍 ULLAS Mela
🟢 The Mela showcased literacy best practices through exhibition stalls.
🟢 28 States/UTs participated.
🟢 Key institutional participants included NCERT, NCTE and NIOS.
🟢 It serves as the annual public showcase of the ULLAS initiative.

📍 ULLAS
🟢 Full Form: Understanding of Lifelong Learning for All in Society.
🟢 It is the Centre’s ongoing movement for adult literacy and functional literacy.
🟢 It extends the literacy agenda beyond basic reading and writing towards practical capabilities needed in everyday life.

📍 Emerging Dimensions of Literacy
🟢 Financial literacy — understanding financial services and decisions.
🟢 Legal literacy — awareness of rights and legal provisions.
🟢 Digital literacy — ability to engage effectively with digital technologies.
🟢 Electoral literacy — awareness and informed participation in the electoral process.

📍 Key Institutional Stakeholders
🟢 DoSEL: Department of School Education & Literacy.
🟢 NCERT: National Council of Educational Research and Training.
🟢 NCTE: National Council for Teacher Education.
🟢 NIOS: National Institute of Open Schooling.
🟢 States/UTs: Key partners in implementing and showcasing adult-literacy initiatives.

📍 Key Takeaway
ULLAS reflects the changing meaning of literacy—from traditional literacy towards lifelong, functional, financial, legal, digital and electoral literacy, supporting more informed and empowered citizens.

📌 Prelims Quick Fact

ULLAS → Understanding of Lifelong Learning for All in Society
ULLAS Mela → 28 States/UTs + NCERT + NCTE + NIOS

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🔆 PENSION SAKHIS: BRIDGING THE PENSION AWARENESS GAP IN RURAL INDIA

📍 Why in News?
🟢 The Department of Rural Development (DoRD) and the Pension Fund Regulatory and Development Authority (PFRDA) signed an MoU to establish and support a community-based outreach mechanism of Pension Sakhis across rural India.

📍 About Pension Sakhis
🟢 Pension Sakhis are trusted community-level facilitators who promote pension awareness and retirement planning among rural households.
🟢 Target Groups: Self-Help Group (SHG) members, rural women, Lakhpati Didis and other rural participants.
🟢 Nodal Institutions: DoRD and PFRDA.
🟢 Core Focus: Pension enrolment, financial awareness and informed decision-making.

📍 Key Features
🟢 Community-Based Outreach: Leverages the extensive institutional network of DAY-NRLM (Deendayal Antyodaya Yojana–National Rural Livelihoods Mission).
🟢 Women-Led Financial Inclusion: Utilises women-led SHGs, Banking Correspondent (BC) Sakhis and trained community resource persons to reach underserved households.
🟢 Doorstep Services: Provides information on pensions and retirement planning, facilitates enrolment and assists households in understanding pension-related services.
🟢 Pension Awareness: Promotes awareness and adoption of pension products, including the National Pension System (NPS).
🟢 Digital Monitoring: Uses digital dashboards, mobile and web-based solutions, and unique identifier-based tracking through Central Recordkeeping Agencies to monitor outreach, enrolment and performance.

📍 Significance
🟢 Financial Inclusion: Expands access to pension-related information and services in rural areas.
🟢 Women’s Empowerment: Strengthens the role of rural women as community-level financial facilitators.
🟢 Social Security: Encourages retirement planning and awareness of old-age financial security.
🟢 Last-Mile Delivery: Uses trusted local networks to address barriers to accessing formal financial services.

🔆 UPSC MAINS QUESTION
📍 “Community-based institutions can play a crucial role in deepening financial inclusion and expanding social security coverage in rural India.” Discuss with reference to the Pension Sakhi initiative. (GS-II: Governance / GS-III: Inclusive Growth)

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UGC NET Dec Cycle exam will be conducted from 14-21 dec 2026

🔆 ONE LINERS – 14 SEPTEMBER 2026

📍 HISTORY, ART & CULTURE

🔆 Sir Thomas Munro
🟢 Sir Thomas Munro (1761–1827) was a Scottish soldier, administrator and Governor of Madras (1820–1827).
🟢 Along with Alexander Read, he pioneered the Ryotwari System, under which land revenue was settled directly with individual cultivators (ryots).
🟢 Advocated greater participation of native Indians in governance and drafted the first comprehensive public education policy for Madras Presidency.
🟢 Initiated the first statistical survey of indigenous education in 1822 and helped shape the modern district administration.
🟢 Distinguished himself in the Anglo-Mysore and Pindari Wars.
🟢 Died of cholera in 1827 while touring Pattikonda, Andhra Pradesh; buried at CSI St. Mary’s Church, Fort St. George, Chennai.

📍 GEOGRAPHY & CLIMATE

🔆 Nilgiri Hills – First Hill Station of British Raj
🟢 Located at the tri-junction of Tamil Nadu, Kerala and Karnataka, forming a meeting point of the Eastern and Western Ghats.
🟢 Part of the UNESCO-designated Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve.
🟢 Doddabetta (2,637 m) is the highest peak of the Nilgiris and Tamil Nadu.
🟢 Famous for Neelakurinji, which blooms roughly once every 12 years.
🟢 Ecosystem comprises shola forests and grasslands; major rivers include Bhavani, Moyar and Kabini.
🟢 Nilgiri Mountain Railway connects Mettupalayam and Ooty and is part of a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
🟢 Indigenous communities include Toda, Kota, Kurumba and Irula.

🔆 Warmest August 2026 Ever Recorded
🟢 August 2026 was the warmest August and warmest month globally on record.
🟢 Global temperature was 1.65°C above the 1850–1900 pre-industrial baseline.
🟢 It was the first month above 1.5°C since November 2025.
🟢 June–August 2026 was jointly the warmest three-month period on record, alongside 2024.
🟢 India recorded its warmest August since 1901, with a mean monthly temperature of 28.01°C.
🟢 Global average surface air temperature: 16.96°C, or 0.85°C above the 1991–2020 average.
🟢 A single month above 1.5°C does not mean the long-term Paris Agreement threshold has been breached.

📍 INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS & ISSUES

🔆 Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations (CEPI)
🟢 CEPI is a global public-private partnership accelerating development of vaccines against epidemic and pandemic threats.
🟢 Headquarters: Oslo, Norway.
🟢 A high-level CEPI Board and Investors Council reception was hosted jointly by DBT, Government of India, and CEPI in New Delhi.
🟢 DBT–BIRAC–CEPI partnership has operated since 2019 and was renewed in 2025.
🟢 Ind-CEPI outcomes: GEMCOVAC-19, India’s first mRNA COVID-19 vaccine; Chikungunya vaccine candidate in Phase II/III; nanocage-based candidates for Monkeypox and pan-sarbecoviruses at pre-clinical stage.

🔆 Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S)
🟢 C3S reported August 2026 as the joint-warmest month ever recorded globally, alongside July 2023.
🟢 It is one of the six thematic environmental services of the EU’s Copernicus Programme.
🟢 Managed by the European Commission and implemented by the ECMWF.
🟢 Objective: Provide an authoritative, quality-assured climate database supporting climate adaptation and mitigation policies.

📍 SECURITY

🔆 New Weapon & Missile Testing Range – Junput
🟢 West Bengal Government approved DRDO’s proposal for a new weapon and missile testing range at Junput, Purba Medinipur.
🟢 Located along the Bay of Bengal, around 70 km from Chandipur.
🟢 Intended to share the workload of Odisha’s testing range and strengthen India’s defence testing infrastructure.
🟢 Proposed as the third major DRDO testing hub, after Chandipur facilities in Odisha and the proposed centre in Andhra Pradesh.
🟢 India’s existing Integrated Test Range (ITR) operates across two launch complexes in Odisha.

📍 SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

🔆 National HPV Vaccination Campaign
🟢 India crossed 80 lakh (8 million) HPV vaccine doses under its national cervical-cancer prevention campaign.
🟢 Launched in February 2026, providing voluntary, free single-dose HPV vaccination to 14-year-old girls with parental consent.
🟢 Vaccine: Gardasil-4, a quadrivalent vaccine covering high-risk HPV 16 and 18.
🟢 Vaccination is provided free of cost at government health facilities.
🟢 Around 1.2 crore girls form the annual cohort of 14-year-olds expected to benefit.
🟢 Globally, 800+ million HPV vaccine doses have been distributed.
🟢 Adoption in national immunisation programmes: 87% upper-middle-income, 78% lower-middle-income and 54% low-income countries.

📍 SPORTS

🔆 US Open Tennis Championships 2026
🟢 146th edition was held at the USTA Billie Jean King National Tennis Center, New York.
🟢 Prize money:$108 million, a record high.
🟢 Men’s Singles:Alexander Zverev (Germany) defeated Ben Shelton (USA).
🟢 Women’s Singles:Elena Rybakina (Kazakhstan) defeated Aryna Sabalenka (Belarus).
🟢 Men’s Doubles:Christian Harrison & Neal Skupski defeated Kevin Krawietz & Tim Pütz.
🟢 Women’s Doubles:Kateřina Siniaková & Taylor Townsend defeated Ashlyn Krueger & Robin Montgomery.
🟢 Mixed Doubles:Karolína Muchová & Jakub Menšík defeated Belinda Bencic & Flavio Cobolli.
🟢 Wheelchair Men’s Singles:Alfie Hewett defeated Tokito Oda.
🟢 Ben Shelton became the first Black American man since Arthur Ashe (1972) to reach a US Open final.
🟢 The tournament lasted 22 days, making it the longest US Open.

📍 MISCELLANEOUS

🔆 World EV Day 2026
🟢 Observed annually on 9 September to promote electric mobility and cleaner transportation.
🟢 2026 Theme:“Switching Electric: driving down the cost of motoring.”
🟢 The accompanying India EV snapshot highlights 297,820 EV registrations in August, with Uttar Pradesh recording the highest state registrations.

🔆 World’s Longest Steel Slag Road
🟢 India set a Guinness World Record with the world’s longest steel slag road at Raigarh, Chhattisgarh.
🟢 Length:1.85 km.
🟢 Uses processed steel slag, a by-product of steel production, converted into road aggregates.
🟢 Can reduce construction costs by around 40% while providing approximately 4× the strength of conventional roads.
🟢 Developed by CSIR–Central Road Research Institute (CSIR-CRRI) with private-sector participation from Jindal Steel Limited.
🟢 Expected maintenance cycle: nearly 15 years before major upkeep.
🟢 The processed aggregate is commercially branded as “Steel Grit.”

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🔆 ONE LINERS – 15 SEPTEMBER 2026

📍 POLITY & GOVERNANCE

🔆 Nasha Mukt Bharat Abhiyaan – 2026
🟢 The campaign completed its 6th year milestone, reaching 34.54 crore citizens, including 13.70 crore youth and 10.64 crore women.
🟢 Conducted 31.40 lakh+ awareness activities and engaged 1.67 lakh+ Nasha Mukti Mitras.
🟢 1.67 lakh+ volunteers and leaders trained to identify addiction and support affected persons.
🟢 755+ new de-addiction centres established, including district and jail facilities.
🟢 NMBA 2.0 mobile app launched to help locate treatment centres.
🟢 More than 34 lakh pledges taken; a National Mass Pledge was planned for September 2026.
🟢 Focus: Prevention, treatment, rehabilitation and community participation under the vision of a Nasha Mukt Bharat.

📍 ECONOMY

🔆 India’s Data Centre Capacity – 2026
🟢 Installed data-centre capacity increased from 375 MW (2020) to 1.57 GW in August 2026.
🟢 Projected to reach 8 GW by 2030, driven by the digital economy, cloud computing, AI and high-speed connectivity.
🟢 Investments: $70 billion underway and another $90 billion in announced projects.
🟢 NIC operates centres in Delhi, Pune, Hyderabad and Bhubaneswar, along with 37 State data centres.
🟢 Policy support includes infrastructure status, fiscal incentives and a tax holiday till 2047 for foreign cloud providers.
🟢 Supporting initiatives include IndiaAI Mission, Semicon India Phase-II and PLI 2.0 for IT hardware.
🟢 Sustainability measures include Green Energy Rules, National Hydrogen Mission, SHANTI Act and advanced cooling technologies.
🟢 BIS standards cover PUE, CUE, CER and WUE, alongside Energy Conservation Codes and Sustainable Building Code 2024.

📍 DEFENCE

🔆 First Dronathon-2026
🟢 Indian Air Force launched the first Dronathon-2026 at Pokhran Field Firing Range, Jaisalmer, from 14–16 September.
🟢 More than 20 defence companies, start-ups, MSMEs, DPSUs and innovators are participating.
🟢 Focus: Testing Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) under realistic operational conditions and moving from demonstration to operational deployment.
🟢 Capabilities include surveillance & reconnaissance, autonomous operations, swarm technology, electronic warfare and CUAS.
🟢 IAF will release an UAS Roadmap to guide industry innovation.
🟢 Vayu UTtaM, a multi-mode Unmanned Traffic Management (UTM) system, was demonstrated for real-time drone tracking and airspace safety.

📍 MISCELLANEOUS

🔆 International Day for South-South Cooperation
🟢 Observed annually on 11 September by the United Nations.
🟢 Celebrates economic, social and political cooperation among developing countries.
🟢 Theme:“Solidarity Rising: Global Alliance for Inclusive and Innovative Development.”
🟢 UNOSSC formally launched the Global Alliance for South-South and Triangular Cooperation.
🟢 Focus areas include renewable energy, digital public goods and sustainable agriculture.

🔆 World First Aid Day 2026
🟢 Observed on the second Saturday of September; in 2026, it falls on 12 September.
🟢 Organised by the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC).
🟢 Theme:“First Aid in Migration Contexts.”
🟢 Objective: Promote basic life-saving skills before professional medical assistance arrives.
🟢 Focus on making emergency care accessible to everyone, including people in migration contexts.

🔆 National Hindi Diwas 2026
🟢 Observed annually on 14 September, commemorating the 1949 Constituent Assembly adoption of Hindi in Devanagari script as the Union’s official language under Article 343.
🟢 The 6th All India Official Language Conference was inaugurated at the CIDCO Exhibition Centre, Navi Mumbai.
🟢 Rajbhasha Gaurav and Rajbhasha Kirti Awards (2025–26) were presented to ministries, PSUs, banks and individuals.
🟢 Celebrations included book launches, exhibitions, essay competitions, poetry recitals and skits.

🔆 International Day of Democracy 2026
🟢 Observed globally on 15 September.
🟢 2026 Theme:“Deliberative democracy builds trust and resilient societies.”
🟢 Focus: Citizen participation, dialogue, fundamental rights, freedom of expression, accountability and rule of law.
🟢 Established by the UN General Assembly in 2007; first observed in 2008.
🟢 Highlights inclusive decision-making and public participation as foundations of democracy.

🔆 National Engineers’ Day 2026
🟢 Observed on 15 September, the birth anniversary of M. Visvesvaraya (1861–1962).
🟢 He served as Diwan of Mysore (1912–18) and is known as the Father of Modern Mysore.
🟢 Contributed to the KRS Dam, flood management, irrigation and Visakhapatnam port protection.
🟢 Authored Planned Economy for India, Reconstructing India and Memoirs of My Working Life.
🟢 Awarded the Bharat Ratna in 1955 for contributions to industry and public works.
🟢 India currently produces around 1.5 million engineering graduates annually; the source notes 23 IITs, 31 NITs and 26 IIITs.

📍 SPORTS

🔆 Dhiraj Bommadevara – World Cup Final Gold
🟢 Dhiraj Bommadevara became the first Indian male recurve archer to win World Cup Final gold.
🟢 Won at Saltillo, Mexico, defeating Japan’s Nakanishi Junya 6–5 in a shoot-off (10–9).
🟢 The victory ended a 16-year wait since Jayanta Talukdar’s bronze at Edinburgh 2010.
🟢 Dola Banerjee remains the other Indian with an individual World Cup Final gold, won in Dubai in 2007.

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