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πŸ”† ONE-LINERS | 24 OCTOBER 2026

πŸ”† GEOGRAPHY

πŸ“ Earthquake in China
🟒 A magnitude 7.0 earthquake struck BaqΓͺn County, Tibet Autonomous Region, China, on 22 October 2026.
🟒 Epicentre: BaqΓͺn County, Nagqu City, at an altitude of approximately 4,864 metres.
🟒 The shallow earthquake occurred at a depth of less than 10 km.
🟒 At least 16 people were reported dead, with dozens injured and over 12,000 residents evacuated.
🟒 Authorities activated a Level-II earthquake emergency response to conduct rescue and relief operations.

πŸ”† INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS & ISSUES

πŸ“ United Nations Day 2026
🟒 Observed on 24 October, marking the 81st anniversary of the UN Charter’s entry into force in 1945.
🟒 UN Secretary-General António Guterres called for dialogue, cooperation and solidarity to address global challenges.
🟒 In India, the UN hosted a special reception in New Delhi attended by Kirti Vardhan Singh, Minister of State for External Affairs and Environment, Forest and Climate Change.
🟒 External Affairs Minister S. Jaishankar reaffirmed India’s commitment to the UN Charter.

πŸ“ Social Media Ban in Greece
🟒 Greece approved legislation on 23 October 2026 restricting social media access for children under 15 years.
🟒 The ban is scheduled to take effect on 1 January 2027.
🟒 Platforms mentioned include Instagram, Facebook, TikTok and LinkedIn.
🟒 Digital age-verification mechanisms will be used to confirm eligibility while protecting users’ identities.
🟒 The legislation restricts social media access, not general internet use or educational digital services.

πŸ“ Alberta’s Referendum, Canada
🟒 A non-binding referendum examined support for remaining in Canada versus initiating a legal process towards an independence referendum.
🟒 Nearly 75% of counted votes favoured remaining within Canada.
🟒 Approximately 1.54 million of 2.06 million counted votes supported Canadian unity.
🟒 Separatist sentiment is linked to Alberta’s oil wealth, federal environmental regulations and perceived fiscal imbalance.
🟒 Alberta produces over 80% of Canada’s crude oil, making it strategically important to national energy security.

πŸ”† ECONOMY & BLUE ECONOMY

πŸ“ India’s First Full-Fledged Open-Sea Mussel Longline Farm
🟒 Launched on 21 October 2026 by the ICAR–Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute (CMFRI) at Vizhinjam, Kerala.
🟒 Part of the Pradhan Mantri Matsya Sampada Yojana (PMMSY)-funded Blue Growth Project.
🟒 Sanctioned funding: β‚Ή152 lakh.
🟒 The unit uses specially designed HDPE floats, parallel mainlines, suspended mussel-culture ropes and an anchoring system.
🟒 A multi-species shellfish hatchery supplies seeds of green mussel (Perna viridis) and brown mussel (Perna indica).
🟒 Aims to promote sustainable aquaculture and reduce dependence on seasonal wild seed collection.

πŸ”† ENVIRONMENT & CLIMATE CHANGE

πŸ“ International Day of the Snow Leopard 2026
🟒 Observed annually on 23 October to promote conservation of the snow leopard (Panthera uncia).
🟒 The date is associated with the 2013 Bishkek Declaration; the UN General Assembly proclaimed the observance.
🟒 Known as the β€œGhost of the Mountains”, the species inhabits high-altitude mountain ecosystems across Central and South Asia.
🟒 India’s estimated population: 718 snow leopards.
🟒 Indian habitats include Ladakh, Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Sikkim and Arunachal Pradesh.
🟒 Major threats include habitat loss, climate change, prey depletion, poaching, illegal trafficking and retaliatory killings.
🟒 Conservation efforts emphasise community participation, livestock protection and coexistence with local herders.

πŸ“ UN Loss and Damage Fund: Assistance for Nepal
🟒 On 22 October 2026, the Fund for Responding to Loss and Damage provisionally earmarked approximately US$20 million for Nepal’s recovery from the August 2026 disasters.
🟒 The fund was established following COP27 in 2022.
🟒 The August disaster involved flash floods, mudslides and ice-rock avalanches associated with glacier-related hazards.
🟒 Nepal estimated total economic and reconstruction losses at approximately US$4.7–5 billion.
🟒 The allocation is provisional; Nepal must submit a detailed project proposal before disbursement.
🟒 The fund had received approximately US$820 million in pledges, while developing countries’ requests for support exceeded US$2.8 billion.

πŸ”† SECURITY & MARITIME

πŸ“ Indian Coast Guard’s Maiden Yacht Sailing Expedition
🟒 The Indian Coast Guard (ICG) launched its maiden yacht sailing expedition aboard Antara from Chennai.
🟒 Flagged off by Inspector General Yoginder Dhaka, Commander, Coast Guard Region East.
🟒 Organised as part of the ICG’s 50th-anniversary (Golden Jubilee) celebrations.
🟒 Planned route: Chennai to Kochi, followed by international passages to Sri Lanka and the Maldives.
🟒 Promotes seamanship, navigation, endurance, teamwork and maritime careers among young people.

πŸ”† SCIENCE & HEALTH

πŸ“ Ebola Bundibugyo Strain Confirmed in Nigeria
🟒 Nigeria confirmed an imported case of Bundibugyo virus disease in Abuja on 20 October 2026.
🟒 The patient arrived from Uganda on 3 October and developed symptoms on 7 October.
🟒 Initial medical treatment was sought on 11 October; laboratory testing subsequently confirmed the virus.
🟒 The case is linked to the wider outbreak originating in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC).
🟒 The patient was placed in isolation and received medical care; authorities initiated contact tracing.

πŸ”† SPORTS

πŸ“ Commonwealth Kabaddi Championship 2026
🟒 The inaugural championship is being held from 23–31 October 2026 at the Veer Savarkar Sports Complex, Ahmedabad, Gujarat.
🟒 Men’s competition: 13 teams divided into two groups.
🟒 Group A: India, Nigeria, Malaysia, Uganda, England, Tanzania and Sri Lanka.
🟒 Group B: Bangladesh, Kenya, Canada, Australia, Scotland and Singapore.
🟒 India’s men’s team captain: Surjeet Singh; vice-captain: Naveen Kumar.
🟒 The inaugural women’s competition features 10 teams.
🟒 Semi-finals: 30 October; finals: 31 October 2026.

#CurrentAffairs
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Defence Acquisition Council (DAC) clears capital acquisition proposals worth Rs 2.12 lakh crore for defence forces
World Day for Audiovisual Heritage is observed every year on 27 October to raise awareness about the importance of preserving audiovisual materials, including films, radio and television recordings, for future generations.
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πŸ”† SIMBEX-2026: INDIA–SINGAPORE MARITIME EXERCISE

πŸ“ Key Highlights
🟒 The 33rd edition of SIMBEX commenced on 21 October 2026 at Visakhapatnam.
🟒 Participants: Indian Navy and Republic of Singapore Navy (RSN).
🟒 Duration: 21–26 October 2026.
🟒 Indian ships: INS Nilgiri and INS Kamorta.
🟒 Singaporean ship: RSS Supreme, a Formidable-class frigate.
🟒 The exercise began in 1994 as Exercise Lion King, initially focusing on anti-submarine warfare.

πŸ“ Phases of the Exercise
🟒 Harbour phase (21–23 October): Professional interactions, expert exchanges, cross-deck visits and planning conferences.
🟒 Sea phase (24–26 October): Anti-submarine, anti-surface and anti-air warfare drills, seamanship and tactical manoeuvres.

πŸ”† INDIA–SINGAPORE RELATIONS
🟒 1965: Singapore became independent; India was among the first countries to recognise it.
🟒 1992: India launched the Look East Policy, upgraded to the Act East Policy in 2014.
🟒 2005: India–Singapore Comprehensive Economic Cooperation Agreement (CECA).
🟒 2015: Strategic Partnership.
🟒 2024: Comprehensive Strategic Partnership.

πŸ“ Strategic Significance
🟒 Strengthens maritime security around the Strait of Malacca and Singapore, vital international shipping routes.
🟒 Enhances interoperability and cooperation in the Bay of Bengal and wider Indo-Pacific.
🟒 Supports freedom of navigation and a rules-based maritime order under UNCLOS, 1982.
🟒 Complements SITMEX, the trilateral maritime exercise involving India, Singapore and Thailand.

πŸ“ Key Challenges
🟒 SIMBEX represents a partnership, not a formal military alliance.
🟒 Maritime security also requires stronger fleet capacity, timely shipbuilding and effective maintenance.
🟒 Growing activity by extra-regional vessels increases the importance of anti-submarine warfare and maritime information-sharing.

πŸ”† MAINS QUESTION (10 MARKS | 150 WORDS)

Singapore has long been central to India’s eastward engagement. Discuss how defence and maritime cooperation with Singapore advances the objectives of India’s Act East Policy and its role in the Indo-Pacific.

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