🔆 Denotified Tribes (DNTs)

📍 Current Issue
✅ Centre has not classified DNTs despite a 2023 AnSI report recommending reclassification of 85 groups.

📍 Who are DNTs?
✅ Also called Vimukta Jati
✅ Communities labelled as “criminal tribes” under the Criminal Tribes Act, 1871
✅ Act repealed in 1949, leading to their “de-notification”

📍 Key Recommendations
✅ Idate Commission (2017):
• Establish a permanent commission for DNTs
• Add a caste census column to correctly count DNT populations

#cse

🔆 Police Reforms in British India (Chronological Overview)

📍 Early Developments
✅ 1770 – Abolition of faujdar and amils institutions.
✅ 1774 – Warren Hastings restored faujdar system, involving zamindars in suppressing crime.
✅ 1775 – Faujdari thanas set up in major towns, supported by smaller police stations.

📍 Cornwallis Reforms (1791)
✅ Introduced regular police force, replacing zamindars’ police duties.
✅ Established thanedars (Indian officers) and Superintendent of Police (SP) at the district level.

📍 Further Reforms
✅ 1808 – Lord Mayo appointed SPs, assisted by spies (goyendas), but misuse led to local unrest.
✅ 1814 – Darogas & subordinates abolished, except in Bengal.

📍 Bentinck Reforms (1829-1835)
✅ Abolished the SP office; replaced by magistrate-led police.
✅ Presidency towns first to have separate collector & magistrate roles.

📍 Police Commission (1860) & Indian Police Act (1861)
✅ Established civil constabulary system.
✅ Introduced Inspector-General (province head), Deputy IG (range head), SP (district head).
✅ Uniform police ranks across India.

📍 1902 Reforms
✅ Police Commission recommended Criminal Investigation Department (CID) in provinces.
✅ Proposed a Central Intelligence Bureau (CIB) for national intelligence.

🔆 CURRENT AFFAIRS — 6 DEC 2025

🔆 REGULATORY / RBI / ECONOMY
✅ SEBI launches SWAGAT-FI – single-window for low-risk foreign investors
✅ MPC cuts repo rate to 5.25% (–25 bps); stance: Neutral
✅ Revised norms for Cooperative Banks → more autonomy; 4-tier UCB structure

🔆 INTERNATIONAL
✅ India–Russia to finalise RD-191M semi-cryogenic engine ToT deal
✅ PM Modi gifts Russian-language Bhagavad Gita to President Putin

🔆 NATIONAL
✅ Supreme Court: 30% reservation for women in all State Bar Councils
✅ NITI Aayog unveils roadmap for India as a quantum-powered economy
– Aim: Top-3 quantum economy by 2025, 10 global quantum startups
– Target: Capture 50% of global quantum software market by 2035
✅ Centre releases ₹37,000 cr under RDSS for power DISCOMs
✅ ICAI RESOLVE-2025 insolvency convention held in Mumbai
✅ Govt expands JI-VAN Yojana → boost 2G/3G ethanol, crop residue biofuels
✅ Govt approves 25 lakh new PMUY LPG connections for FY26
✅ Carbon Credit Trading Scheme (CCTS) framework notified

🔆 CULTURE / TOURISM
✅ Ministry of Tourism to host Krishnaveni Sangeetha Neerajanam 2025 (Vijayawada, Dec 6–7)

🔆 SCIENCE & TECH
✅ India launches first all-electric green tug under Green Tug Transition Programme
✅ Paperless Passport Verification (PVR) goes live on DigiLocker (MeitY + MEA)
✅ IIA marks 10 years of UVIT operations on AstroSat

🔆 DEFENCE
✅ India–Malaysia Harimau Shakti 2025 military exercise begins (Rajasthan)
✅ DRDO successfully tests fighter aircraft escape system
✅ GSL hands over ICGS Amulya (3rd FPV)
✅ Bharat Dynamics gets ₹2,462 cr defence orders

🔆 MoUs
✅ CSR-funded Eklavya School infrastructure MoU (NSTFDC + NCL + OIL)

🔆 STATES
✅ Maharashtra creates Guinness World Record – 45,911 solar agri pumps in 1 month
✅ Manipur observes 4th Sankirtana Day
✅ Bihar launches Mukhyamantri Bharat Darshan Yojana for student heritage tours

🔆 SCHEMES
✅ Vigyan Dhara Scheme – S&T mega umbrella scheme; outlay ₹10,579.84 cr (2021–26)
✅ UJALA Scheme completes 10 years; 36 crore LED bulbs distributed

🔆 IMPORTANT DAYS
✅ International Volunteer Day – 5 Dec (Theme: Every contribution matters)
✅ World Soil Day – 5 Dec (Theme: Healthy soils for healthy cities)

🔆 APPOINTMENTS
✅ Rohit Rajpal → India’s Davis Cup Captain

🔆 OBITUARY
✅ Former Mizoram Governor Swaraj Kaushal passes away

🔆 SPORTS
✅ Sunil Narine becomes 1st cricketer with 600 T20 wickets
✅ Arjun Erigaisi wins Jerusalem Masters 2025, beats Viswanathan Anand

#CurrentAffairs

https://t.me/CurrentAffairs_ONLY

🔆 Small Modular Reactors (SMRs)

📍 Current Update
✅ Russia’s Rosatom plans to promote SMRs in India and deepen nuclear energy cooperation.

🔆 About SMRs
✅ Advanced nuclear reactors up to 300 MW(e)
✅ Flexible, compact, safer & cost-effective
✅ Useful for industry, remote regions, off-grid power

📍 Key Features
✅ Small size → can be set up where large reactors can’t
✅ Modular → factory-made, shipped & installed easily
✅ Scalable → add units as demand grows
✅ Passive safety (gravity, convection—no active cooling)
✅ Long fuel life → can operate up to 30 years without refuelling

📍 Advantages
✅ Lower cost
✅ Deployable in remote/weak-grid regions
✅ Higher safety
✅ Faster setup
✅ Low-carbon energy
✅ Complements renewables (stable baseload)

📍 Limitations
✅ Diverse designs → regulatory challenges
✅ High initial investment, weak manufacturing ecosystem
✅ Licensing issues for new tech
✅ Radioactive waste disposal needs
✅ Public fear of nuclear technology
✅ Safeguards essential for security

🔆 India’s Nuclear Capacity & SMR Roadmap
✅ Current capacity: 8,780 MW → 9,480 MW (2025-26)
✅ 13,480 MW (2029-30) → 21,880 MW (2031-32) with new reactors
✅ BARC developing SMRs:
• BSMR-200 (200 MW)
• SMR-55 (55 MW)
• HTGR (up to 5 MW) for hydrogen
✅ Planned uses:
• Captive power for aluminium, steel, metals
• Repurposing retiring fossil plants
• Remote/off-grid regions

#prelims #GS3
#science_and_technology
#science_technology

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@upsc_science_and_technology

🔆AgriEnIcs Programme

✅MeitY recently announced the transfer of technology under the AgriEnIcs Programme.
📍About AgriEnIcs Programme:
✅ Nodal Ministry: MeitY
✅ Implementing Agency: Centre for Development of Advanced Computing (C-DAC), Kolkata.
✅ Objective: To develop and deploy Electronics and ICT-based solutions for agriculture and environment,
enhancing productivity, quality, and sustainability through AI, IoT, and sensor technologies.
📍Key Technologies:
✅Go-P (Cattle health monitoring device) & MAST-D (mastitis detection devices).
✅ Grain-Ex, CT-Vieu & RIGE-Sense: AI-based systems for quality analysis of pulses, chilli, and rice respectively
✅Odour Monitoring System: Real-time gas-sensor device for municipal solid waste sites, industrial waste processing units, and landfill areas.

#Government_schemes
#science_and_technology #prelims

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🔆 Chenab Rail Bridge

📍 Current Update
✅ PM inaugurated the world’s highest railway arch bridge over the Chenab River
✅ Also inaugurated Anji Bridge — India’s first cable-stayed rail bridge

📍 About Chenab River
✅ Also called Chandrabhaga
✅ Largest tributary of the Indus
✅ Formed by Chandra + Bhaga meeting at Tandi (Himachal Pradesh)

📍 Chenab Rail Bridge
✅ Height: 359 m above Chenab
✅ Length: 1,315 m
✅ Structure: Steel arch; designed to withstand seismic & high-wind conditions
✅ Boosts Jammu–Srinagar connectivity

📍 Project Context
✅ Anji Bridge + Chenab Bridge are part of USBRL Project
(Udhampur–Srinagar–Baramulla Rail Link)

#places_in_news

Cadre Allocation IAS CSE 2024

JKPSC JKCEE PRE 2025.pdf

https://t.me/testseries1

Punjab PCS 2025 GS Paper

https://t.me/testseries1

🔆 GLP-1 Agonists

📍 Current Update
✅ WHO issues first-ever guideline → Conditionally recommends GLP-1 agonists for long-term obesity treatment (BMI ≥ 30; excluding pregnant women).

📍 What Are GLP-1 Agonists?
✅ Drugs that mimic the GLP-1 hormone released after eating
✅ Full form: Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 receptor agonists

📍 How They Work
✅ Increase insulin release
✅ Suppress excess glucagon
✅ Slow stomach emptying
✅ Act on brain → reduce appetite
➡️ Result: Lower blood sugar + weight loss

📍 Common Side Effects
✅ Nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, constipation
✅ “Ozempic face” → sagging/hollow appearance due to rapid weight loss
✅ Risk of: pancreatitis, gastroparesis, bowel obstruction, gallbladder issues

📍 WHO-Recommended GLP-1 Medicines
✅ Semaglutide
✅ Tirzepatide
✅ Liraglutide (older GLP-1 drug)

#prelims #GS3
#science_and_technology
#science_technology

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@upsc_science_and_technology

JKPSC answer key 2025

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🔆 Mahad Satyagraha

📍 What Happened?
✅ Mahad Satyagraha (March 1927, Maharashtra) led by Dr. B.R. Ambedkar
✅ Protest against caste discrimination + denial of public water access to Dalits

📍 Trigger
✅ Though the Bombay Legislative Council (1923) granted Dalits the right to use public water sources, upper-caste resistance blocked enforcement

📍 Build-up
✅ Local Dalit leader Ramchandra Babaji More invited Ambedkar
✅ Ambedkar mobilised Dalits → promoted collective identity & self-respect

📍 March & the Chavadar Tank Incident
✅ 19–20 March 1927: Mahad Conference to awaken Dalits
✅ 20 March: Ambedkar & followers marched to Chavadar Tank
➡️ Ambedkar drank water → direct rejection of untouchability

📍 Mahad 2.0 (Dec 1927)
✅ Second conference declared as a satyagraha
✅ Court order banned Dalits from using tank, but movement continued with ~4,000 people
✅ Ambedkar later suspended it to avoid confrontation

📍 Legacy
✅ Considered the foundational event of the Dalit Movement
✅ First organised, mass Dalit assertion for equality & civil rights
✅ Laid the groundwork for India’s later human rights & constitutional ethics

#history

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       @upsc_4_history

🔆 Goldilocks Economy

📍 Current Update
✅ RBI cuts repo rate to 5.25%, signalling a Goldilocks phase in India’s economy.

📍 What is a Goldilocks Economy?
✅ An ideal economic condition where:
• Growth is strong but not overheating
• Inflation is low and stable
• Employment is high
➡️ Economy is “just right”—neither too hot nor too cold.

📍 India’s Indicators
✅ GDP growth: ~7.3%
✅ Inflation: ~2% (benign)
➡️ Together indicate Goldilocks-like balance

#cse

🔆 Great Green Wall Initiative

✅ Launched: 2007 by African Union
✅ Objective: Restore 100 million ha degraded land, sequester 250 million tons CO₂, and create 10 million green jobs by 2030.
✅ Focus: Revive Sahel region near the Sahara Desert to combat climate change, drought & migration.

#Environment #cse