🔆 Martial Arts of India

📍 Major Traditional Martial Arts & Regions

✅ Silambam — Tamil Nadu
✅ Kalaripayattu — Kerala
✅ Lathi Khela — North India
✅ Gatka — Punjab
✅ Thang-Ta — Manipur
✅ Mardani Khel — Maharashtra
✅ Pari Khanda — Bihar
✅ Kathi Samu — Andhra Pradesh
✅ Paika Akhada — Odisha
✅ Sqay — Kashmir
✅ Bandesh — Pan-India
✅ Malla Yuddha — South India
✅ Malla Khamb — Maharashtra (12th century origin)
✅ Insu Knawr — Mizoram
✅ Kirip / Saldu — Nicobar Islands
✅ Varma Ati — Tamil Nadu

#prelims
#art_and_culture

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🔆 CAG Flags Gaps in PMKVY

📍 Key Findings (Audit 2015–22)
✅ Training not aligned with market skill needs
✅ ~20% funds unutilised (State component)
✅ Serious data lapses on Skill India Portal (95% records invalid/incomplete)
✅ Low placement rate (41%)
✅ Fictitious / ineligible training agencies
✅ 85.4% certified candidates lacked required technical education

📍 CAG Recommendations
✅ Align training with real skill gaps
✅ Strengthen PMKVY processes & IT controls (PMKVY 4.0)
✅ Improve oversight and data validation
✅ Integrate UDISE data with PMKVY

📍 About PMKVY
✅ Launched: 2015 | Ministry: MSDE
✅ Objective: Skill training, upskilling & RPL
✅ 1.6+ crore youth trained; 45% women
✅ PMKVY 4.0 focuses on Industry 4.0, AR/VR, Green & Digital skills

#goverment_schemes

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🔆 Martial Arts of India

https://youtu.be/2toP00CAShg

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🔆 Ethics Through Quotes – Narayana Guru

📍 Thinker: Narayana Guru
📍 Theme: Equality, Human Dignity, Social Ethics & Moral Reform

📍 Quote 1
“One caste, one religion, one God for humankind.”
✅ Ethics rooted in human equality, not identity divisions
✅ Useful for: Social justice, discrimination, inclusive governance

📍 Quote 2
“Any progress that denies human dignity cannot be real progress.”
✅ Development must preserve dignity, not just growth
✅ Useful for: Development ethics, welfare policies, GS-4 answers

📍 Quote 3
“Knowledge alone is the path to true freedom.”
✅ Education as ethical empowerment
✅ Useful for: Education policy, empowerment, capability building

📍 Quote 4
“The essence of religion is humanity, not division.”
✅ Ethical governance requires tolerance and humanism
✅ Useful for: Diversity management, social harmony, secular ethics

📍 Quote 5
“True reform begins not with external change, but with inner transformation.”
✅ Ethical administration starts with inner moral reform
✅ Useful for: Integrity, character, ethical leadership

📌 Model Concluding Line:
“As Narayana Guru emphasised, ethical governance rests on equality, human dignity, and inner moral transformation rather than mere institutional change.”

#ethics

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GDP, GNP, NDP, NNP & National Income Accounting | Economy Basics
https://youtube.com/watch?v=RVWkxfacCJE&si=xhlR8hOXE4mnR0iO

Day 12 : 29 December target:

International organization and government schemes:
Topics-
Governmental and non-governmental organizations in news

Sources:Any coaching magazine

PYQs - UPSC Prelims 2011,2012,2013


#UpscRevisionProgram

After completion of target post 'DONE'
In comment section. Targets are decided as per practical approach. In remaining time, you can study whatever you want.
Thank you.

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#Goodmorning 

⏳146 days  left CSP26 [ 24-05-26]
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🔆 Micrometeoroids & Orbital Debris (MMOD) – Explained

📍 What is MMOD?
✅ Micrometeoroids: Naturally occurring tiny particles (few micrometres–2 mm)
▪️ Origin: Asteroid belt collisions & comets
▪️ Travel at extremely high velocities

✅ Orbital Debris: Human-made, non-functional objects in Earth’s orbit
▪️ Origin: Defunct satellites, rocket fragments, explosions, ASAT tests

📍 Why MMOD is Dangerous
✅ Even tiny particles can cause severe or catastrophic damage due to high kinetic energy
✅ Kessler Syndrome: Cascading collisions increasing debris density, threatening safe space operations

📍 Mitigation & Management
✅ Shielding: Use of Whipple shields and advanced spacecraft design
✅ Tracking & Avoidance: Large debris tracked; collision-avoidance manoeuvres executed

📍 International Cooperation
✅ IADC: Global coordination on space debris research & mitigation
✅ ESA Zero Debris Charter: Target of zero new debris by 2030

📍 Indian Initiatives (ISRO)
✅ Project NETRA: Early warning system for space debris & hazards
✅ IS4OM: Dedicated facility for safe & sustainable space operations
✅ POEM: Reusing spent PSLV stages as orbital platforms to reduce debris

#GS3
#prelims
#science_technology
#science_and_technology

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OPSC mains 31st January

HCS Mains pattern Change Gazette Notification