🔆 Martial Arts of India

📍 Major Traditional Martial Arts & Regions

✅ Silambam — Tamil Nadu
✅ Kalaripayattu — Kerala
✅ Lathi Khela — North India
✅ Gatka — Punjab
✅ Thang-Ta — Manipur
✅ Mardani Khel — Maharashtra
✅ Pari Khanda — Bihar
✅ Kathi Samu — Andhra Pradesh
✅ Paika Akhada — Odisha
✅ Sqay — Kashmir
✅ Bandesh — Pan-India
✅ Malla Yuddha — South India
✅ Malla Khamb — Maharashtra (12th century origin)
✅ Insu Knawr — Mizoram
✅ Kirip / Saldu — Nicobar Islands
✅ Varma Ati — Tamil Nadu

#prelims
#art_and_culture

https://t.me/Studytoday1
https://t.me/upsc_art_and_culture

🔆 CAG Flags Gaps in PMKVY

📍 Key Findings (Audit 2015–22)
✅ Training not aligned with market skill needs
✅ ~20% funds unutilised (State component)
✅ Serious data lapses on Skill India Portal (95% records invalid/incomplete)
✅ Low placement rate (41%)
✅ Fictitious / ineligible training agencies
✅ 85.4% certified candidates lacked required technical education

📍 CAG Recommendations
✅ Align training with real skill gaps
✅ Strengthen PMKVY processes & IT controls (PMKVY 4.0)
✅ Improve oversight and data validation
✅ Integrate UDISE data with PMKVY

📍 About PMKVY
✅ Launched: 2015 | Ministry: MSDE
✅ Objective: Skill training, upskilling & RPL
✅ 1.6+ crore youth trained; 45% women
✅ PMKVY 4.0 focuses on Industry 4.0, AR/VR, Green & Digital skills

#goverment_schemes

Join https://t.me/PIB_UPSC
https://t.me/upsc_government_scheme

🔆 Martial Arts of India

https://youtu.be/2toP00CAShg

Like share subscribe your channel

🔆 Ethics Through Quotes – Narayana Guru

📍 Thinker: Narayana Guru
📍 Theme: Equality, Human Dignity, Social Ethics & Moral Reform

📍 Quote 1
“One caste, one religion, one God for humankind.”
✅ Ethics rooted in human equality, not identity divisions
✅ Useful for: Social justice, discrimination, inclusive governance

📍 Quote 2
“Any progress that denies human dignity cannot be real progress.”
✅ Development must preserve dignity, not just growth
✅ Useful for: Development ethics, welfare policies, GS-4 answers

📍 Quote 3
“Knowledge alone is the path to true freedom.”
✅ Education as ethical empowerment
✅ Useful for: Education policy, empowerment, capability building

📍 Quote 4
“The essence of religion is humanity, not division.”
✅ Ethical governance requires tolerance and humanism
✅ Useful for: Diversity management, social harmony, secular ethics

📍 Quote 5
“True reform begins not with external change, but with inner transformation.”
✅ Ethical administration starts with inner moral reform
✅ Useful for: Integrity, character, ethical leadership

📌 Model Concluding Line:
“As Narayana Guru emphasised, ethical governance rests on equality, human dignity, and inner moral transformation rather than mere institutional change.”

#ethics

Join
https://t.me/anmolvachan1
https://t.me/upsc_ethics_toppers

GDP, GNP, NDP, NNP & National Income Accounting | Economy Basics
https://youtube.com/watch?v=RVWkxfacCJE&si=xhlR8hOXE4mnR0iO

Day 12 : 29 December target:

International organization and government schemes:
Topics-
Governmental and non-governmental organizations in news

Sources:Any coaching magazine

PYQs - UPSC Prelims 2011,2012,2013


#UpscRevisionProgram

After completion of target post 'DONE'
In comment section. Targets are decided as per practical approach. In remaining time, you can study whatever you want.
Thank you.

https://t.me/upsc_answer_written
https://t.me/CSE_EXAM

#Goodmorning 

⏳146 days  left CSP26 [ 24-05-26]
⏳235 days left CSM26 [ 21-08-26]

⏳202 days left CAPF AC 19 July
⏳154 days  left MPSC (MH) prelims [ 31-05-26]
⏳118  days Left MPPSC (MP) Prelims 26 April
⏳104 days Left CDS1 /NDA 12 April
⏳55 days CGPSC prelims 22 February

#Target
#TargetOnlyone
#Accountability

https://t.me/anmolvachan1

🔆 Micrometeoroids & Orbital Debris (MMOD) – Explained

📍 What is MMOD?
✅ Micrometeoroids: Naturally occurring tiny particles (few micrometres–2 mm)
▪️ Origin: Asteroid belt collisions & comets
▪️ Travel at extremely high velocities

✅ Orbital Debris: Human-made, non-functional objects in Earth’s orbit
▪️ Origin: Defunct satellites, rocket fragments, explosions, ASAT tests

📍 Why MMOD is Dangerous
✅ Even tiny particles can cause severe or catastrophic damage due to high kinetic energy
✅ Kessler Syndrome: Cascading collisions increasing debris density, threatening safe space operations

📍 Mitigation & Management
✅ Shielding: Use of Whipple shields and advanced spacecraft design
✅ Tracking & Avoidance: Large debris tracked; collision-avoidance manoeuvres executed

📍 International Cooperation
✅ IADC: Global coordination on space debris research & mitigation
✅ ESA Zero Debris Charter: Target of zero new debris by 2030

📍 Indian Initiatives (ISRO)
✅ Project NETRA: Early warning system for space debris & hazards
✅ IS4OM: Dedicated facility for safe & sustainable space operations
✅ POEM: Reusing spent PSLV stages as orbital platforms to reduce debris

#GS3
#prelims
#science_technology
#science_and_technology

Join https://t.me/PIB_UPSC
https://t.me/upsc_science_and_technology

OPSC mains 31st January

HCS Mains pattern Change Gazette Notification

IFoS-25 Cadre allocation

🔆 Ethics Through Quotes – Basavanna

📍 Thinker: Basavanna (12th Century Social Reformer)
📍 Theme: Ethical Work, Equality, Inner Integrity & Social Justice

📍 Quote 1 – Ethics of Work & Public Service
“Work itself is sacred when it is done with honesty and social purpose.”

✅ प्रशासनिक नैतिकता = कर्तव्य + ईमानदारी + लोककल्याण
✅ Useful for: Work culture, duty ethics, civil services conduct

📍 Quote 2 – Equality & Merit
“A person’s worth lies in conduct, not in birth or status.”

✅ जन्म नहीं, आचरण = नैतिक मूल्यांकन का आधार
✅ Useful for: Social justice, caste neutrality, equality in administration

📍 Quote 3 – Ritual vs Real Ethics
“Ethics is meaningless if it remains ritualistic and does not transform conduct.”

✅ नैतिकता = व्यवहार में दिखनी चाहिए, प्रतीकों में नहीं
✅ Useful for: Hypocrisy, token reforms, governance failure

📍 Quote 4 – Integrity & Inner Discipline
“Without inner discipline, knowledge and authority both become dangerous.”

✅ शक्ति + ज्ञान को नैतिक संयम से नियंत्रित करना आवश्यक
✅ Useful for: Integrity, misuse of power, leadership ethics

📍 Quote 5 – Ethics & Social Reform
“True morality challenges unjust customs rather than obeying them.”

✅ नैतिक साहस = अन्यायपूर्ण परंपराओं का प्रतिरोध
✅ Useful for: Law vs custom, reform, constitutional morality

📍 Quote 6 – Ethics of Simplicity & Accountability
“An ethical life rejects excess and accepts responsibility.”

✅ सादगी = उत्तरदायी शासन का आधार
✅ Useful for: Probity, lifestyle of public servants

📍 Quote 7 – Knowledge & Character
“Knowledge without ethical conduct only sharpens injustice.”

✅ शिक्षा + मूल्य = नैतिक प्रशासन
✅ Useful for: Education ethics, capacity building, GS-4 theory

📌 Model Concluding Line:
“As Basavanna’s ethical philosophy shows, governance becomes just only when authority is guided by right conduct, dignity of labour, and courage to reform injustice.”

#ethics

https://t.me/anmolvachan1
https://t.me/upsc_ethics_toppers

🔆 Rock-cut Temples of the Gupta Period

📍 Overview
✅ Cave architecture reached a high level of refinement during the Gupta age
✅ Development of Chaitya (prayer halls) and Vihara (monasteries) styles
✅ Best examples: Ajanta, Ellora, Udayagiri

📍 Ajanta Caves (Maharashtra)
✅ Two architectural types: Chaitya Grihas & Viharas
✅ Chaitya Grihas:
▪️ Large worship halls with pillars
▪️ Central nave with side aisles for pradakshina
▪️ Stupa/sanctuary opposite the entrance
✅ Viharas:
▪️ Rectangular monastery halls
▪️ Small residential cells on sides
▪️ Used by Buddhist monks

📍 Ellora Caves (Maharashtra)
✅ Contemporary to Ajanta, continuing Buddhist rock-cut tradition
✅ 12 Buddhist caves at Ellora
✅ Divided into two groups:
▪️ Caves I–V (Dhedwada Group) – prayer halls with attached monasteries
▪️ Caves VI–XII – larger, more elaborate viharas
✅ Show continuity and expansion of Gupta-age cave design

📍 Udayagiri Caves (Madhya Pradesh)
✅ Extensively excavated under Chandragupta II
✅ Mark transition from Buddhist to Brahmanical rock-cut architecture
✅ Famous for Varaha (boar-headed Vishnu) sculpture
▪️ Symbolises royal power and Vaishnavism

#prelims
#art_and_culture

https://t.me/Studytoday1
https://t.me/upsc_art_and_culture