🔆 JANUARY 2026 | WEEK–2 CURRENT AFFAIRS CAPSULE

📍 ECONOMY

✅ Forex & Banking Stability
• 🇮🇳 India’s Forex Reserves near $700 bn ($696.61 bn)
• Strong external sector resilience
• Components: FCAs, Gold, SDRs, IMF RTP

✅ Asset Quality & Credit Risk
• Unsecured retail loans = 53.1% of total retail slippages
• GNPA ratio: 1.8% (overall banking system)
• Highest slippages: Small Finance Banks

✅ Dividend Payout Reform (RBI)
• Dividend cap raised to 75% of net profit
• Earlier cap: 40%
• Linked to CET-1 capital strength
• Introduces 10-bucket capital framework

✅ Loan-Deposit Ratio (LDR)
• System LDR at 81% (record high)
• Credit growth > deposit growth
• Raises liquidity management concerns

📍 FISCAL FEDERALISM & STATES

✅ Ways & Means Advances (WMA)
• Aggregate WMA limit: ₹61,008 crore
• GNCTD included (₹890 crore)
• Legal basis: Section 17(5), RBI Act

✅ State Finances
• Highest tax revenue growth: Karnataka
• Highest capex growth: Gujarat
• UP spent highest in absolute terms but saw decline

📍 NATIONAL ECONOMY & INFRASTRUCTURE

✅ Asset Quality Improvement
• GNPA down to 2.1% (10-year low)
• SMA-2 ratio declined → early stress easing

✅ PPP Pipeline
• 852 projects worth ₹17 lakh crore
• 3-year pipeline by DEA, Ministry of Finance

✅ Deposit Insurance (DICGC)
• 97.6% of accounts insured
• Coverage limit: ₹5 lakh
• Deposit Insurance Fund: ₹2.29 lakh crore

📍 INTERNATIONAL ECONOMY

✅ Global Growth Outlook
• India GDP FY27: 6.9% (India Ratings)
• Risks: El Niño, base-year changes

✅ UN DESA Projection
• FY26 growth: 7.2%
• Consumption + public investment offset US tariffs

✅ Oil & Energy
• OPEC+ pauses output hikes till March 2026
• Venezuela holds world’s largest oil reserves

📍 NATIONAL GOVERNANCE & SCHEMES

✅ Deep-Tech Boost
• 3-year eligibility condition removed for startups
• DSIR recognition eased

✅ Agriculture
• 184 new crop varieties released (ICAR)
• India becomes world’s largest rice exporter

✅ Justice & Digital Governance
• Nyaya Setu: Free legal help via WhatsApp
• India’s first AI clinic launched at GIMS, Noida

📍 SCIENCE, TECH & ENVIRONMENT

✅ Mission Mausam
• 3D-printed Automatic Weather Stations
• Budget: ₹2,000 crore

✅ AI & Supercomputing
• PARAM SHAKTI launched at IIT Madras
• Indigenous PARAM RUDRA system

✅ Environment
• White-bellied heron remains Critically Endangered
• CBAM enters full enforcement from 2026 (EU)

📍 DEFENCE & SECURITY

✅ Defence Modernisation
• ICGS Samudra Pratap commissioned
• Suryastra long-range rocket system inducted
• Bhairav Battalions: Drone-centric warfare units

✅ Strategic Infrastructure
• Integrated Command & Control Centre – A&N Islands
• Counter-drone shield added to Delhi Dome

📍 IMPORTANT DAYS (WEEK–2)
• 🗓 Jan 3 – Savitribai Phule Jayanti
• 🗓 Jan 4 – World Braille Day
• 🗓 Jan 5 – National Bird Day
• 🗓 Jan 9 – Pravasi Bharatiya Divas
• 🗓 Jan 10 – World Hindi Day

#CurrentAffairs

Join https://t.me/CurrentAffairs_ONLY

MAHAJANPADAS - Origin, Geography, Key Aspects, etc. in the 6TH Century BCE.

https://youtu.be/K1pPw_UQW3E

NABARD Prelims Result

🔆 Harvest Festivals of India

📍 Context
✅ Traditional harvest festivals are being celebrated across India
✅ They mark:
• Change of seasons
• Sun’s northward journey (Uttarayana)
• Completion of agricultural harvest

📍 Significance of Harvest Festivals
✅ Celebrate agrarian economy and farmer community
✅ Reflect solar movements and seasonal cycles
✅ Promote social cohesion, gratitude, and cultural continuity

🔆 Major Traditional Harvest Festivals

📍 Makar Sankranti (Maharashtra)
✅ Marks the Sun’s transition into Capricorn (Makara Rashi)
✅ Associated with sesame sweets, charity, and community bonding

📍 Uttarayana (Gujarat & Rajasthan)
✅ Famous for kite flying traditions
✅ Symbolises joy, optimism, and longer daylight hours

📍 Pongal (Tamil Nadu)
✅ Four-day harvest festival
• Bhogi – discarding old, welcoming new
• Thai Pongal – cooking rice-lentil dish Pongal
• Mattu Pongal – honouring cattle
• Kaanum Pongal – social gatherings
✅ Expresses gratitude to Sun, rain, land, and cattle

📍 Lohri (Punjab)
✅ Celebrated a day before Makar Sankranti
✅ Marks Rabi crop harvest
✅ Bonfires, folk songs, Bhangra & Gidda

📍 Magh Bihu (Assam)
✅ Celebrates end of harvest season
✅ Community feasts, traditional sports
✅ Bonfires called Meji

📍 Kanuma (Telangana)
✅ Festival of gratitude towards agriculture and farmers
✅ Honours cattle and agrarian tools

#prelims
#art_and_culture

https://t.me/Studytoday1
https://t.me/upsc_art_and_culture

​⚖️ Conversations for Inner Peace: The Result vs. The Process

​1. Arjun: I am terrified of the exam results. What if I don't clear it? The fear paralyzes me.
✅Krishna: You are suffering a future that hasn't happened yet. Fear lives in the future; regret lives in the past. Peace lives only in the present. When you worry about the result, you are stealing energy from the only thing that can actually create that result: your studying right now.

​2. Arjun: But everything depends on this. It feels like a life-and-death situation.
✅Krishna: It feels that way, but it is an illusion. An exam is a test of your memory and understanding, not a judgment of your soul or your destiny. Do not give a piece of paper the power to define your self-worth. You are greater than any rank on a list.

​3. Arjun: How do I stop thinking about the outcome? It's all I want!
✅Krishna: Consider the archer. If he stares at the target while shooting, his aim wavers. If he stares at the arrow and his form, his aim is true. The Result is the target; the Process is the arrow. Take your eyes off the target and focus entirely on the arrow in your hand.

​4. Arjun: I feel I am not doing enough. The syllabus is endless.
✅Krishna: You cannot drink the entire river, but you can drink a glassful. Do not look at the mountain of work remaining; look at the step you are taking today. Completing one small chapter with full focus is better than worrying about ten chapters with a distracted mind.

​5. Arjun: Everyone expects me to win. The pressure of their hope is heavy.
✅Krishna: Carry your own dreams, not their expectations. When you work to please others, you are a servant to their opinions. When you work to satisfy your own conscience, you are a master. Your duty is to make an honest effort; the rest is up to destiny.

​6. Arjun: What if I put in all this effort and still fail?
✅Krishna: Honest effort never goes waste. It transforms you. The discipline, knowledge, and resilience you build during this process are yours forever. The rank may be given to you by an examiner, but the character is built by you. That is the true victory.

​7. Arjun: So, what should be my mindset when I sit to study?
✅Krishna: Nishkama Karma (Detached Action). Say to yourself: "My job is to study this page. The result belongs to time. The effort belongs to me." When you let go of the anxiety of the result, you become lighter, and a lighter mind runs faster.

​💡 A Small Tip
​Switch from "Outcome Goals" to "Process Goals."
​Outcome Goal (Stressful): "I must score 120 marks in this mock test." (You can't fully control this).
​

Process Goal (Empowering): "I will solve 50 questions between 2 PM and 4 PM without checking my phone." (You can 100% control this).
​When you hit your Process Goal, celebrate. You have succeeded for the day, regardless of the marks.

Hindi click here

#geeta

Join https://t.me/anmolvachan1

Minamata Convention An international treaty to protect human health and environment from anthropogenic emissions and releases of mercury and its compounds.

🔆 Final Steps to Partition (1942–1947)

📍 Context
✅ Major constitutional negotiations between 1942–1946 failed
✅ Core deadlock between the Indian National Congress and the All-India Muslim League
✅ British reluctance/inability to impose a binding settlement accelerated Partition

🔆 Key Negotiations & Why They Failed

📍 Cripps Mission (1942)
✅ Proposed Dominion Status after World War II
✅ Rejected by Congress:
◦ No immediate and complete independence
✅ Rejected by Muslim League:
◦ No explicit provision for Pakistan

📍 Wavell Plan & Simla Conference (1945)
✅ Objective: Form an interim government
✅ Failure due to representation deadlock
✅ Muslim League (M.A. Jinnah) insisted:
◦ Only the League could nominate Muslim members
✅ Congress rejected exclusive communal representation

📍 Cabinet Mission Plan (1946)
✅ Last serious attempt to keep India united
✅ Proposed a three-tier federal structure:
◦ Weak Centre
◦ Grouped Provinces
◦ Autonomous Provinces
✅ Initially accepted by both—but interpreted differently
✅ Collapse of consensus led the Muslim League to call for “Direct Action”

🔆 Consequences
✅ Communal violence escalated after Direct Action Day (1946)
✅ British concluded unity was untenable
✅ Led to Mountbatten Plan (1947) and Partition of India

#history #prelims #mains

Join https://t.me/CSE_EXAM https://t.me/Upsc_4_history

🔆 CURRENT AFFAIRS — 15 JANUARY 2026

🔆 ECONOMY

📍 Growth Outlook (Deloitte)
✅ FY26 GDP growth: 7.5–7.8%
✅ FY27 GDP growth: 6.6–6.9%
✅ Drivers: Services, domestic demand, reforms

📍 Wholesale Inflation
✅ WPI inflation: 0.83% (Dec)
✅ 8-month high
✅ Ended 2-month deflation phase

🔆 INTERNATIONAL

📍 Passport Rankings
✅ Henley Passport Index 2026
✅ India rank: 80th (↑5 places)
✅ Visa-free / VOA / eTA access: 55 countries

📍 Top Passports
✅ Singapore – Rank 1 (192 destinations)
✅ Japan & South Korea – Rank 2

🔆 ENERGY & CLIMATE

📍 IRENA
✅ 16th IRENA Assembly held in Abu Dhabi
✅ Calls for faster global renewable transition
✅ India is a founding member

🔆 NATIONAL AFFAIRS

📍 Oil & Energy
✅ IOCL & BPCL discover oil in Abu Dhabi onshore block
✅ JV operated via Urja Bharat Pte (50:50)

📍 Exports
✅ NITI Aayog Export Preparedness Index 2024
➡ Maharashtra – Rank 1
➡ Tamil Nadu – Rank 2
➡ Gujarat – Rank 3

📍 Agriculture
✅ National Turmeric Board empowering farmers
✅ HQ: Nizamabad, Telangana
✅ 6th product-specific board in India

🔆 STATES

📍 Rajasthan
✅ Bamanwas Kankar Panchayat becomes state’s first fully organic village

📍 Jharkhand
✅ Push for UNESCO World Heritage tag for megalithic sites

🔆 DEFENCE / GEOGRAPHY

📍 Shaksgam Valley
✅ Lies in PoK (Trans-Karakoram Tract)
✅ Illegally ceded by Pakistan to China (1963)
✅ India does not recognise the agreement

🔆 APPOINTMENTS

📍 Security Agencies
✅ NIA DG – Rakesh Aggarwal
✅ ITBP DG – Shatrujeet Singh Kapoor
✅ BSF chief – Praveen Kumar

🔆 AWARDS

📍 International Honour
✅ Pawan Kalyan becomes first Indian inducted into Kenjutsu (Japan)

🔆 OBITUARY

📍 Sports
✅ Olympic snowboard pioneer Ueli Kestenholz passes away

🔖 #CurrentAffairs

https://t.me/CurrentAffairs_ONLY

Final Results: SSC GD 2025

Join https://t.me/CSE_EXAM

Advt. for Direct Recruitment to 08 posts of Section Officer in CSIR from the non-recommended candidates of UPSC’s Civil Services Examination 2024

Join https://t.me/CSE_EXAM