Maratha Kingdom under Shivaji Maharaj PYQ THEMES

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Tughlaq dynasty PYQ THEMES

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🔆 Personality in News: Thiruvalluvar

📍 Context
✅ Prime Minister paid tribute to Thiruvalluvar on the occasion of Thiruvalluvar Day.

📍 About Thiruvalluvar
✅ Renowned Tamil philosopher, poet, and ethical thinker
✅ Believed to have lived in Mylapore (present-day Chennai)

📍 Key Contributions
✅ Tirukkural:
• A timeless Tamil classic comprising 1,330 couplets
• Covers ethics, statecraft, economy, family life, and love
• Considered a guide for personal conduct and good governance

📍 Structure of Tirukkural
✅ Aram – Righteousness / Ethics
✅ Porul – Wealth, polity, governance
✅ Inbam – Love and human relationships

📍 Statue & Legacy
✅ Thiruvalluvar Statue located at Kanyakumari, Tamil Nadu
✅ Sculpted by V. Ganapathi Sthapathi
✅ Symbolises ethical wisdom standing at the confluence of cultures

📍 Core Values
✅ Righteousness
✅ Compassion
✅ Justice
✅ Moral integrity
✅ Universal humanism

#history #prelims #mains

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https://youtube.com/watch?v=nkvaKSCErag&si=Cf9m1L3n6C-n0gM7

🔆 CURRENT AFFAIRS — 17 JANUARY 2026

🔆 REGULATORY / RBI

📍 Integrated Ombudsman Scheme (RB-IOS), 2026
✅ RBI authorises Ombudsman to award compensation up to ₹30 lakh
📍 Compensation Types
✅ Consequential financial loss → up to ₹30 lakh
✅ Non-financial loss (harassment, mental agony, time loss) → up to ₹3 lakh

📍 Key Reforms
✅ No monetary limit on dispute amount that can be taken to Ombudsman
✅ Earlier limits removed → enhances consumer protection

📍 Applicability
✅ Banks
✅ NBFCs
✅ PPI issuers
✅ Credit Information Companies

📍 Effective Date
✅ 1 July 2026

📍 CRPC
✅ RBI to establish Centralised Receipt & Processing Centres (CRPCs)
📍 Function
✅ Central receipt
✅ Digital processing of complaints

🔆 REGULATORY / SEBI

📍 SWAGAT-FI Framework
✅ SEBI operationalises Single Window Automatic & Generalised Access for Trusted Foreign Investors (SWAGAT-FI)
📍 Coverage
✅ Foreign Portfolio Investors (FPIs)
✅ Foreign Venture Capital Investors (FVCIs)

📍 Objective
✅ Ease compliance
✅ Faster onboarding
✅ Single-window digital access

🔆 ECONOMY & EMPLOYMENT

📍 Employment Trends
✅ Unemployment rate remains 4.8% (Dec 2025)
✅ Reflects stability in labour market

📍 Exports
✅ India’s exports cross USD 634 billion
✅ Growth: ~4.3% (first 9 months of FY26)

🔆 INTERNATIONAL / REPORTS

📍 Global Risks Report 2026
✅ Released by World Economic Forum (WEF)
📍 Top Global Risk (Short-term)
✅ Geoeconomic confrontation

📍 Long-term Risks
✅ Extreme weather events
✅ Biodiversity loss
✅ Ecosystem collapse

🔆 NATIONAL AFFAIRS

📍 Digital Commerce
✅ Department of Posts completes first logistics delivery via ONDC
📍 Significance
✅ Govt participation in open digital commerce ecosystem

📍 Education / Competitions
✅ India Post launches UPSC International Letter Writing Competition for students

📍 Women Entrepreneurship
✅ Karnataka launches Gruha Lakshmi Digital Marketing Portal
📍 Objective
✅ Enable SHG women to market products online

📍 Livestock & Agriculture
✅ Karan Fries cattle breed registered by ICAR-NBAGR
📍 Features
✅ High milk yield
✅ Climate-resilient
📍 Parentage
✅ Holstein Friesian × Tharparkar

🔆 SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

📍 Space / Medical
✅ SpaceX conducts first medical evacuation from ISS
📍 Crew returned safely via Dragon capsule

📍 Climate Action
✅ Microsoft signs deal to purchase 2.85 million soil-carbon credits
📍 World’s largest such agreement
📍 Supports regenerative agriculture

🔆 ENVIRONMENT

📍 Species Conservation
✅ BNHS launches Indian Skimmer Conservation Project
📍 IUCN Status
✅ Endangered
📍 Focus
✅ Riverine ecosystems

🔆 APPOINTMENTS

📍 United Nations
✅ D.B. Venkatesh Varma appointed Chair, UN Advisory Board on Disarmament Matters
✅ First Indian to hold this post

🔆 SPORTS / AWARDS

📍 ICC Monthly Awards (Dec 2025)
✅ Men’s Player of the Month – Mitchell Starc
✅ Women’s Player of the Month – Laura Wolvaardt

#CurrentAffairs

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🔆 Reserve Bank – Integrated Ombudsman Scheme (RB-IOS), 2026

📍 Context
✅ RBI has issued the RB-IOS, 2026 to strengthen customer grievance redressal
✅ The scheme will come into effect from 1 July 2026
✅ Applies to services provided by RBI-regulated entities

📍 Objective of RB-IOS 2026
✅ Provide a cost-effective, expeditious and non-adversarial alternative grievance redress mechanism
✅ Ensure uniformity and simplicity in resolving customer complaints

📍 Key Institutional Features
✅ RBI Ombudsman
• RBI may appoint one or more Ombudsman and Deputy Ombudsman
• Tenure: Generally 3 years

✅ Centralised Receipt & Processing Centre (CRPC)
• To be established by RBI
• Receives and processes all complaints centrally

📍 Powers of RBI Ombudsman
✅ No monetary limit on the dispute amount that can be taken up
✅ Can award compensation up to ₹30 lakh to the complainant

📍 Grounds of Complaint
✅ Any act or omission by a Regulated Entity
✅ Resulting in deficiency in service

📍 Appeal Mechanism
✅ Either the Complainant or the Regulated Entity may appeal
✅ Appeal to be filed before the Appellate Authority within 30 days

📍 Role of Regulated Entities
✅ Mandatory appointment of a Principal Nodal Officer at Head Office
✅ Responsible for:
• Furnishing information
• Coordinating with RBI on complaints

#goverment_schemes

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🔆 India and 6G Technology

📍 Why in News
✅ India is preparing for the arrival of 6G wireless technology, with commercial deployment expected by 2030
✅ India’s growing patent strength and global partnerships have positioned it as a key player in next-generation telecom

📍 India’s Progress in 6G
✅ 127+ international patents granted to India for 6G technologies
✅ India’s breakthroughs have attracted global interest, including from the United States
✅ India–US 6G Pact (G20 Summit 2023):
• Joint push for high-end research and innovation in 6G

📍 Bharat 6G Vision
✅ Nodal Authority: Department of Telecommunications (DoT), Ministry of Communications
✅ Institutional Mechanism: Technology Innovation Group on 6G (TIG-6G)
✅ Target Year: 2030

📍 Objective
✅ To develop and deploy secure, intelligent, and pervasive 6G networks
✅ Enable:
• Enhanced quality of life
• Seamless digital connectivity
• Future-ready digital economy

📍 Global Recognition
✅ International Telecommunication Union (ITU):
• UN body for telecom standards, spectrum & satellite orbit management
• Has accepted the 6G Vision Framework
✅ India played a key role in shaping this global framework through DoT

📍 Why 6G Matters for India
✅ Positions India as a technology leader, not just a consumer
✅ Attracts foreign investment due to:
• Large domestic market
• High ROI potential
• Supportive policy ecosystem
✅ Strengthens strategic tech partnerships and digital sovereignty

#GS3
#prelims
#science_technology
#science_and_technology

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Day 32: 19 January target:

Art and culture
Topics:
Indian architecture
Sculpture
Pottery
Paintings
Handicrafts
Tangible and intangible heritage cultural sites

Current Affairs: October 2025
Social Issues
History, Art and culture related

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