Day 38: 25 January target:

Modern History
Topics:
Advent of Europeans
1857 revolt
Pre congress associations



Current Affairs: June and July 2025
Revision
Social issues, History, art and culture related

#UpscRevisionProgram

After completion of target post 'DONE'
In comment section. Targets are decided as per practical approach. In remaining time, you can study whatever you want.
Thank you.

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🔆 Viral Diseases – Quick Revision

📍 Mosquito-borne
✅ Dengue
• Agent: Dengue virus (RNA)
• Vector: Aedes aegypti / A. albopictus
• Vaccine: ❌ (Not approved in India)

✅ Chikungunya (UPSC 2013)
• Agent: Chikungunya virus (RNA)
• Vector: Aedes mosquitoes
• Vaccine: ❌

✅ Zika
• Agent: Zika virus (RNA)
• Vector: Aedes mosquitoes
• Vaccine: ❌

📍 Fecal–oral / Water-borne
✅ Poliomyelitis
• Agent: Poliovirus (RNA)
• Transmission: Fecal–oral, contaminated water/food
• Vaccine: IPV, OPV

📍 Blood / Body fluids
✅ AIDS (HIV) (UPSC 2013, 2019)
• Agent: HIV (RNA)
• Transmission: Body fluids (excluding saliva)
• Treatment: ART (Lamivudine, Zidovudine, Cabotegravir, etc.)

✅ Hepatitis
• A & E: Contaminated food/water
• B, C, D, G: Blood/body fluids
• Virus type: All RNA except Hep B (DNA)
• Vaccine: HAV, HBV (HBV also protects against D)
• ❌ No vaccine: Hep C, G

📍 Air-borne / Droplet
✅ Chickenpox (UPSC 2014)
• Agent: Varicella-zoster virus
• Vaccine: Varivax, ProQuad (MMRV)

✅ COVID-19
• Agent: SARS-CoV-2 (RNA)
• Transmission: Droplet, airborne, fomite
• Vaccines: Covaxin, Covishield, Sputnik-V, GEMCOVAC-OM (mRNA)

✅ Influenza
• Agent: Influenza virus
• Treatment: Oseltamivir, supportive care

✅ Measles
• Treatment: Supportive care, Vitamin A

✅ Mumps / Rubella
• Treatment: Supportive care

📍 Zoonotic
✅ Ebola
• Agent: Ebolavirus (RNA)
• Transmission: Zoonosis, body fluids
• Vaccines: Ervebo, Zabdeno + Mvabea

✅ Nipah
• Agent: Nipah virus (RNA)
• Transmission: Zoonosis, contaminated food
• Vaccine: ❌

✅ Rabies
• Transmission: Animal bites (dogs, bats)
• Prevention: Post-exposure prophylaxis

📍 Vector-borne (Other)
✅ Japanese Encephalitis
• Vector: Culex mosquitoes
• Vaccine: IXIARO (inactivated Vero cell)

📌 #GS3
#prelims
#science_technology
#science_and_technology

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🔆 Chemistry in Ancient & Medieval India – Prelims Ready

📍 Alchemy (Rasayana)
✅ Texts: Rasaratnakara, Rasarnava
✅ Period: 8th–12th C CE
✅ Scholars: Nagarjuna, Govindacharya
✅ Work: Mercury medicines, elixirs, metal transmutation

📍 Metallurgy
✅ Text: Brihat Samhita (Varahamihira)
✅ Period: 6th C CE
✅ Achievements: Advanced smelting, alloying, corrosion resistance
📌 Delhi Iron Pillar example

📍 Medicinal Chemistry
✅ Texts: Charaka Samhita, Sushruta Samhita
✅ Period: 1st–2nd C CE
✅ Use: Herbal & mineral drugs, alkalis, acids, disinfectants

📍 Dyeing & Textiles
✅ Texts: Arthashastra, Brihat Samhita
✅ Period: 4th C BCE – 6th C CE
✅ Techniques: Natural dyes, mordants, indigo dyeing

📍 Glass & Ceramics
✅ Sites: Harappa, Taxila
✅ Period: 3rd millennium BCE – CE
✅ Products: Glass beads, glazed pottery

📍 Soap & Detergents
✅ Practice-based knowledge
✅ Materials: Reetha (soapnut), ash, natural alkalis

📍 Perfumes & Cosmetics
✅ Text: Gandhayukti
✅ Period: 5th C CE
✅ Techniques: Distillation of fragrant oils

📍 Pyrotechnics
✅ Text: Kautilya’s Arthashastra
✅ Period: 4th C BCE
✅ Use: Explosives, fire-based warfare signals

📍 Distillation
✅ Text: Rasaratnasamuccaya
✅ Period: 13th C CE
✅ Scholar: Vagbhata
✅ Use: Oils, perfumes, medicinal tinctures

📍 Inorganic Chemistry
✅ Text: Rasaratnakara
✅ Scholar: Nagarjuna
✅ Work: Sulfur, mercury compounds, industrial alkalis

📌 #prelims
#art_and_culture

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🔆 Kunchikal Waterfalls

📍 Location
✅ Nidagodu village, near Masthikatte
✅ Shimoga district, Karnataka

📍 Key Facts
✅ Highest waterfall in India
✅ Total height: ~455 metres (World Waterfall Database)
✅ Cascades down steep rocky boulders

📍 River
✅ Formed by the Varahi River

📍 Additional Notes
✅ Located in the Western Ghats region
✅ Best viewed during monsoon season
✅ Flow regulated due to upstream hydel projects

#places_in_news

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Padma awards 2026

Padma awards 2026

Day 39: 26 January target:

Modern History
Topics:
Indian National Movement

Current Affairs: August and September 2025. Revision-
Social Issues, History, Art and culture related

#UpscRevisionProgram

After completion of target post 'DONE'
In comment section. Targets are decided as per practical approach. In remaining time, you can study whatever you want.
Thank you.

https://t.me/CSE_EXAM
https://t.me/upsc_answer_written

🔆 CURRENT AFFAIRS — 24 JANUARY 2026

🔆 RBI / MONETARY & FINANCIAL

📍 Wage & Pension Revision
✅ GoI approves wage & pension revision for PSGICs, NABARD & RBI
✅ Effective date: 1 Aug 2022

📍 PSGICs (Public Sector General Insurance Companies)
✅ Overall wage bill hike: 12.41%
✅ Salary hike: 14% (Basic + DA)
✅ NPS contribution:
➡ Earlier: 10% → Revised: 14%
✅ Financial impact: ₹8,170.30 crore

📍 NABARD Pay Revision
✅ Effective: 1 Nov 2022
✅ Pay hike: ~20%
✅ Applicable to Group A, B & C employees

📍 RBI Pension Revision
✅ Effective: 1 Nov 2022
✅ Revision: 10% increase in Basic Pension + Dearness Relief

📍 State Finances
✅ States’ consolidated Gross Fiscal Deficit (GFD) tops 3% in FY24 (after 3 years)
📍 RBI – State Finances Report 2025–26
✅ States GFD FY25: 3.3% of GDP
📍 Reason for breach:
➡ 50-year interest-free Centre loans

📍 Financial Awareness
✅ 2/3rd domestic households aware of securities products – SEBI Investor Survey 2025
📍 Key Findings:
✅ Awareness: 63% households
✅ Actual investors: 9.5% (32.1 million)
📍 High awareness states:
➡ Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Delhi
📍 Low awareness:
➡ UP, Bihar, Jharkhand, North-East

🔆 BANKING & FINANCE

📍 FDI Trends
✅ India’s FDI inflows rise 73% to $47 bn in 2025 – UNCTAD
📍 Key sectors:
➡ Services, IT, R&D, Manufacturing

📍 Global FDI 2025
✅ Total: $1.6 trillion (+14%)
✅ Developed economies: $728 bn (+43%)
✅ Developing economies: $871 bn (–2%)

📍 Infrastructure Finance
✅ World Bank approves $815 million for Tata Power–backed Dholera Hydro Project

🔆 INTERNATIONAL

📍 Fourth Industrial Revolution
✅ WEF to launch 5 new Centres for 4IR
📍 Locations:
➡ India (Andhra Pradesh)
➡ France, UK, UAE

📍 TomTom Traffic Index 2025
✅ Released by TomTom (Netherlands)
📍 World’s Top Congested Cities:
➡ Mexico City, Bengaluru, Dublin, Łódź, Pune
📍 India – Top 5:
➡ Bengaluru, Pune, Mumbai, New Delhi, Kolkata
✅ Most congested Indian metro: Mumbai

📍 Global Education Rankings
✅ World University Rankings by Subject 2026 – THE
📍 Highlights:
✅ MIT ranks #1 in Arts & Humanities, Business & Economics, Social Sciences
✅ IISc Bengaluru: 96th in Computer Science

📍 Environment Finance
✅ UNEP Report – State of Finance for Nature 2026
⚠️ For every $1 spent on protecting nature, $30 goes into destruction

🔆 NATIONAL

📍 Energy Security
✅ India to host 4th India Energy Week
📍 Date & Venue: 27–30 Jan 2026, Goa
📍 Announced by: Hardeep Singh Puri
📍 Participation: 17 countries
📍 Objective:
➡ Energy security
➡ Sustainable & affordable energy

🔆 DEFENCE

📍 AI in Defence
✅ Indian Army signs MoU with IISc Bengaluru
📍 Objective:
✅ Develop fully indigenous AI-based systems
✅ Address emerging challenges in digital information warfare

🔆 MoUs

📍 Energy Cooperation
✅ BPCL signs $780 million oil deal with Brazil’s Petrobras
📍 Volume: 12 million barrels

🔆 STATES

📍 Arunachal Pradesh
✅ Hosts Namsai–Pangsau PowerDrive 2026
📍 Theme:
➡ “Daring to Push Boundaries, Celebrating Culture”

📍 Odisha
✅ Imposes complete ban on:
➡ Gutkha
➡ Pan Masala
➡ Tobacco products

📍 GI & ODOP
✅ GI-tagged Kaladi to be upscaled under ODOP
📍 Origin:
➡ Udhampur district, Jammu & Kashmir
📍 Focus:
➡ Tech-enabled value-added Kaladi products

📍 Obituary
✅ Karnataka-born environmentalist Krishna Mekani passes away at 66 (Singapore)

🔆 AWARDS / BOOKS

📍 Literature
✅ Banaras Lit Fest Book Awards 2026 announced
📍 Date: 30 Jan – 2 Feb 2026
📍 Awards:
✅ Ruskin Bond Award → Shinjie Antony
✅ Sarojini Naidu Award → Abhay K.

📍 International Peace Award
✅ Indira Gandhi Prize for Peace, Disarmament & Development
➡ Winner: Graça Machel (Mozambique)

🔆 SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

📍 Space & EO Satellites
✅ Pixxel-led consortium wins India’s first private national EO satellite project
📍 Agreement with:
➡ IN-SPACe

📍 Satellite Internet
✅ Blue Origin (Jeff Bezos) to deploy TerraWave satellite network
📍 Deployment start: Q4 2027
📍 Satellites planned: 3,408

#CurrentAffairs

🔆 CURRENT AFFAIRS — JANUARY 2026 (WEEK–3)

📅 12–17 JANUARY 2026

🔆 ECONOMY & BANKING

📍 Growth & Inflation
✅ Deloitte projects GDP growth: 7.5–7.8% (FY26)
✅ Retail inflation (Dec): 1.66%
✅ WPI inflation rises to 0.83% (8-month high)

📍 Exports
✅ India’s exports cross USD 634 billion (Apr–Dec 2025)
✅ Growth: ~4.3%

📍 FDI
✅ India attracts USD 51 billion FDI in last 6 months

🔆 REGULATORY / RBI / SEBI

📍 NBFC Regulation
✅ RBI may revise Upper Layer NBFC list by mid-2026
✅ Upper Layer NBFCs subject to higher scrutiny & listing norms

📍 FEMA Reforms
✅ New FEMA (Guarantees) Regulations, 2026 notified
✅ Principle-based, wider automatic route
✅ Mandatory quarterly reporting via Form GRN

📍 Ombudsman Reforms
✅ RBI authorises compensation up to ₹30 lakh
✅ No monetary limit on disputes
✅ Effective from 1 July 2026

📍 SEBI – Ease of Doing Business
✅ Compliance rationalisation for exchanges
✅ Bulk/block deals disclosure shifted to PAN-level
✅ Market-making via principle-based LES

🔆 NATIONAL AFFAIRS

📍 Internal Security
✅ Launch of National IED Data Management System (NIDMS)
✅ Managed by NSG, covers IED incidents since 1999

📍 Agriculture & Fisheries
✅ Fish production reaches 197.75 lakh tonnes
✅ India remains 2nd largest fish producer
✅ Contribution: 7.43% of Agri-GVA

📍 Exports Promotion
✅ APEDA opens regional office in Raipur (Chhattisgarh)
✅ Boosts GI & agri-exports

📍 Digital Governance
✅ BHASHINI Samudaye Workshop held
✅ Focus on Indian language AI & crowdsourced datasets

📍 Infrastructure & Energy
✅ Approval for Kamala Hydroelectric Project (Arunachal Pradesh)
✅ Cost: ₹26,070 crore, Implemented by NHPC

🔆 INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS

📍 Global Risks
✅ WEF Global Risks Report 2026 released
✅ Top short-term risk: Geoeconomic confrontation
✅ Long-term risks: climate extremes, biodiversity loss

📍 Diplomacy
✅ India participates in Weimar Triangle dialogue
✅ Members: France, Germany, Poland

📍 India–Sri Lanka
✅ First India-funded Bailey Bridge opened
✅ Built under Operation Sagar Bandhu

🔆 DEFENCE & SECURITY

📍 Missile Technology
✅ DRDO tests 3rd-Gen MPATGM
✅ Fire-and-forget, top-attack capability

📍 Logistics
✅ Indian Army launches DIME platform
✅ Real-time inventory & logistics forecasting

📍 Exercises
✅ Exercise Sanjha Shakti conducted (civil-military coordination)

🔆 SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

📍 Space
✅ Lachit-1 launched – Northeast India’s first satellite
✅ Built by Assam Don Bosco University

📍 Robotics
✅ SCORP unveiled – India’s first legged mobile manipulator

📍 AI & Climate
✅ Microsoft purchases 2.85 million soil carbon credits
✅ World’s largest such deal

🔆 ENVIRONMENT & BIODIVERSITY

📍 Wildlife Conservation
✅ Indian Skimmer Conservation Project launched (BNHS)
✅ IUCN status: Endangered

📍 Archaeology
✅ Zehanpora Buddhist complex excavated (J&K)
✅ Kushan-era, Silk Route link

🔆 STATES

📍 Kerala
✅ Aralam declared first Butterfly Sanctuary

📍 Karnataka
✅ Launch of ‘Akka Pade’ Scheme for women safety

📍 Gujarat
✅ Essar to invest ₹5,100 crore in bio-fuel project

🔆 IMPORTANT DAYS

📍 National Youth Day – 12 January
✅ Birth anniversary of Swami Vivekananda

🔆 APPOINTMENTS & AWARDS

📍 UN
✅ D. B. Venkatesh Varma appointed Chair, UN Advisory Board on Disarmament

📍 Awards
✅ Italy confers Order of the Star of Italy on Shrinivas Dempo

🔆 SPORTS

📍 Cricket
✅ Virat Kohli becomes 2nd highest international run-scorer

📍 Khelo India
✅ Beach Games conclude – Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Manipur on top

🔖 #CurrentAffairs

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🔆 Important Folk Dances of India

📍 Andhra Pradesh
✅ Dhimsa | Kolattam | Butta Bommalu

📍 Arunachal Pradesh
✅ Ponung (Adi – harvest) | Tapu (war dance) | Pakku Ittu (Apatani) | Rikhampada (Nyishi)

📍 Assam
✅ Bihu | Bagarumba (Bodo) | Oja-Pali | Jhumura Hobjanai

📍 Bihar
✅ Bidesia | Jat-Jatin | Jogira | Chaiti

📍 Chhattisgarh
✅ Saila (post-harvest) | Suwa/Soowa (parrot) | Gaur Maria

📍 Goa
✅ Tarangamel | Ghode-Modni | Perni Jagor | Fugdi | Romta Mel

📍 Gujarat
✅ Dandiya Raas | Tippani | Rathwa Ni Gher | Dhol Rano | Dhamaal (Siddhis)

📍 Haryana
✅ Phag | Swang | Dhamyal

📍 Himachal Pradesh
✅ Dandras | Chharba | Chham Chhanak

📍 Jharkhand
✅ Paika | Mardani Jhumar | Saraikela Chhau

📍 Karnataka
✅ Yakshagana | Dollu Kunitha | Veeragase | Hulivesha | Bhoota Kola

📍 Kerala
✅ Thullal | Padayani | Chakyar Koothu | Kutiyattam (UNESCO)

📍 Madhya Pradesh
✅ Jawara | Matki | Baredi | Bhagoria | Padharuni

📍 Maharashtra
✅ Lavani | Povada | Dhangari Gaja

📍 Manipur
✅ Thang-Ta | Lai Haraoba | Jagoi | Thabal Chongba

📍 Meghalaya
✅ Nongkrem | Chad Sukra | Chambil Moa

📍 Mizoram
✅ Cheraw (Bamboo Dance) | Khuallam | Chheih Lam

📍 Nagaland
✅ Chang Lo | Zeliang | Aoliyattu | Butterfly Dance

📍 Odisha
✅ Dalkhai | Mayurbhanj Chhau | Ghumura | Danda Nata

📍 Punjab
✅ Bhangra | Giddha | Luddi | Gatka

📍 Rajasthan
✅ Ghoomar | Kalbelia | Bhavai | Terah Taali

📍 Sikkim
✅ Singhi Chham | Lepcha Dance | Bhutia Dance

📍 Tamil Nadu
✅ Karakattam | Kummi | Kolattam | Mayil Attam | Theru Koothu

📍 Telangana
✅ Perini Sivatandavam | Chindu Bhagavatam

📍 Tripura
✅ Hozagiri | Garia | Lebang Boomani

📍 Uttarakhand
✅ Langvir Nritya | Chholiya | Chanchari

📍 West Bengal
✅ Purulia Chhau | Alkap | Baul | Rabindra Nritya

📍 Ladakh
✅ Jabro | Shondol | Tukhstanmo | Koshan

#prelims
#art_and_culture

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Day 40 : 27 January target:

Modern History
Topics:
Sociol and cultural awakening
Working class movements
Peasants, tribal rebellion, etc

Current Affairs: October and November 2025
Revision
Social issues, history, art and culture related

#UpscRevisionProgram

After completion of target post 'DONE'
In comment section. Targets are decided as per practical approach. In remaining time, you can study whatever you want.
Thank you.


https://t.me/CSE_EXAM
https://t.me/upsc_answer_written