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🚩UPPCS 2024 INTERVIEW DATE OUT !!

Start Date - 16th Feb, 2026
End Date - 20 March, 2026

🔆 RDI Fund – First Open Call Launched

📍 News
✅ Ministry of Science & Technology launched the first Open Call under the Research, Development and Innovation (RDI) Fund
📅 05 Feb 2026
📍 Implemented through Technology Development Board (TDB)

📍 Focus of First Open Call
✅ Supports projects at Technology Readiness Level (TRL) 4 and above

📍 What is TRL?
✅ TRL (Technology Readiness Level) measures the maturity of a technology
✅ Originally introduced by NASA
✅ Scale ranges from:
• TRL-1: Basic idea / concept stage
• TRL-9: Fully proven, market-ready technology

📍 About RDI Fund
✅ A Special Purpose Fund under the RDI Scheme
✅ Flagship initiative of the Department of Science and Technology (DST)

📍 Objective
✅ Accelerate investment in India’s RDI ecosystem
✅ Support private enterprises, startups, and industries in sunrise & strategic sectors
✅ Transform ideas into globally competitive technologies and products

📍 Corpus & Funding Structure
✅ ₹1 lakh crore corpus over 6 years

📍 Modes of Funding
✅ Loans:
• Long-tenure
• Collateral-free
• Up to 50% of fund requirement

✅ Equity Participation:
• Up to 25% of assistance sought

✅ Debt–Equity Conversion:
• Allowed at a later stage

📍 Priority Sectors
✅ Energy Security, Energy Transition & Climate Change
✅ Deep Technology (Quantum, Robotics, Space)
✅ Artificial Intelligence for Indian Applications
✅ Biotechnology & Medical Technologies
✅ Digital Economy & Digital Agriculture

#goverment_schemes

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🔆 Evolution of Wireless Telecom Technology: From 1G to 6G
(Science & Technology | Prelims Ready)

📍 1G (First Generation)
✅ Key Features: Analog system, poor voice quality, limited roaming
✅ Latency: Higher latency
✅ Wave Spectrum: Low frequency (30 MHz – 1 GHz)

📍 2G (Second Generation)
✅ Key Features: Improved voice quality, SMS/MMS, roaming enabled
✅ Latency: 200–400 ms
✅ Wave Spectrum: 900 MHz & 1800 MHz

📍 3G (Third Generation)
✅ Key Features: Mobile TV, online radio, video calling
✅ Latency: 100–300 ms
✅ Wave Spectrum: 1.8 – 2.5 GHz

📍 4G (Fourth Generation)
✅ Key Features: LTE, VoLTE, VoWiFi for better call quality
✅ Latency: 20–40 ms
✅ Wave Spectrum: 600 MHz – 2.7 GHz

📍 5G (Fifth Generation)
✅ Key Features: High throughput, ideal for IoT
✅ Latency: Ultra-low (as low as 1 ms)
✅ Wave Spectrum:
• Sub-6 GHz bands (≈ 410 MHz – 7.125 GHz)
• mmWave bands above 24 GHz (24–40 GHz)

📍 6G (Sixth Generation – Future)
✅ Key Features: Data rates >100 Gbps, AI integration, massive connectivity
✅ Latency: Potentially < 1 ms
✅ Wave Spectrum: 100 GHz – 1 THz (Terahertz bands)

📌 Prelims Takeaway:
➡️ Evolution shows falling latency, rising data rates, and shift from low-frequency bands → mmWave → terahertz spectrum.

#GS3
#prelims
#science_technology
#science_and_technology

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🔆 IMPORTANT FOLK DANCES OF INDIA
(Art & Culture | Prelims Ready)

📍 ANDHRA PRADESH
✅ Dhimsa, Kolattam, Butta Bommalu

📍 ARUNACHAL PRADESH
✅ Ponung (harvest dance – Adi tribe)
✅ Tapu Dance (war dance – males, Aran festival)
✅ Pakku Itu (Apatani tribe – protection of seedlings)
✅ Rikhamapada (Nyishi tribe)

📍 ASSAM
✅ Oja-Pali, Bihu, Bagurumba (Bodo tribe), Jhumura Hobjanai

📍 BIHAR
✅ Biraha, Jat-Jatin, Jogira, Chaiti

📍 CHHATTISGARH
✅ Saila (post-harvest), Suwa/Soowa (parrot dance), Gaur Maria (Bastar)

📍 GOA
✅ Tarangamel (Dussehra & Holi)
✅ Ghode Modni (martial + horse dance, Shigmo)
✅ Perni Jagar (ancient mask dance)
✅ Ranmale, Romta Mel, Fugdi

📍 GUJARAT
✅ Tippani, Rathwani Gher, Dandiya Raas, Dhol Rano
✅ Dhamal of Siddhis, Shikaar Nritya, Gheriya Nritya, Aalenia-Haaleni

📍 HARYANA
✅ Phag (farmers’ dance), Swang, Dhamyal

📍 HIMACHAL PRADESH
✅ Dandras, Charba, Chham Chhanak

📍 JHARKHAND
✅ Mardani Jhumar, Paika Dance, Saraikela Chhau

📍 KARNATAKA
✅ Yakshagana (Song of Yaksha – UPSC 2014)
✅ Dollu Kunitha, Veeragase, Ummatt-aat, Bayalata
✅ Kamsale, Hulivesha (Tiger dance)
✅ Buta Kola (natara movie), Gaarudi Gombe, Joodu Haligi

📍 KERALA
✅ Chakyar Koothu, Nangyar Koothu
✅ Koodiyattam (UNESCO heritage)
✅ Pandayani, Thullal

📍 MADHYA PRADESH
✅ Swang, Jawara, Matki, Baredi, Naurata
✅ Ahirai, Bhagoria, Pardhauni

📍 MAHARASHTRA
✅ Dhangari Gaja, Lavani, Povada

📍 MANIPUR
✅ Thang-Ta (UPSC 2018)
✅ Kartal Cholom, Jagoi, Thabal Chongba
✅ Tandan Pheichak, Lai Chingthokpa
✅ Lai Haraoba – base of all stylised Manipuri dances

📍 MEGHALAYA
✅ Nongkrem, Chad Laho
✅ Chad Sukra (sowing festival)
✅ Chad Pliang (plate dance)
✅ Ajema Roa (Garo), Chambil Moa, Napsepgrika

📍 MIZORAM
✅ Cheraw, Chheih Lam, So Laka, Khuallam

📍 NAGALAND
✅ Aluyattu, Agurshikukula, Butterfly Dance
✅ Changai, Leshalaptu, Modse
✅ Monyoasho, Sadal Kekai, Moyashai
✅ Khupielilie, Zeliang Dance, Chang Lo

📍 ODISHA
✅ Dalkhai, Mayurbhanj Chhau, Danda Jatra, Ranapa, Ghumura

📍 PUNJAB
✅ Bhangra, Giddha, Luddi, Julli, Gatka

📍 RAJASTHAN
✅ Bhavai, Ghoomar, Kalbelia, Terah Taali

📍 SIKKIM
✅ Bhutia Dance, Lepcha Dance, Singhi Chham

📍 TAMIL NADU
✅ Karakattam, Kummi, Kolattam
✅ Mayil Aattam, Poikkal Kudurai Aattam
✅ Theru Koothu, Ottan Koothu, Sevai Attam

📍 TELANGANA
✅ Perini Sivatandavam, Chindu Bhagavatham

📍 TRIPURA
✅ Hoza Giri, Dhamail, Maimata, Garia
✅ Lebang Bomani, SangraiMogh Dance
✅ Chawn Lam, Mosak Sumani
✅ Pheiphit Lam, Waikhong Lam
✅ Lam-Lam, Dar-Lam, Khonglaam Dance

📍 UTTARAKHAND
✅ Langvir Nritya, Chhamfuli, Chholia
✅ Chanchari, Jhora (Kumaon), Hurkiya Baul

📍 WEST BENGAL
✅ Purulia Chhau, Gaudiya Nritya
✅ Alkap, Rabindra Nritya, Dhali
✅ Raibenshe, Bratachari, Kali Naach, Baul Dance

📍 LADAKH
✅ Jabro, Tukhstammo, Shondol, Shon, Koshan

#prelims
#art_and_culture

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🔆 FORGE Initiative (Forum on Resource, Geostrategic Engagement)
(International Relations | Critical Minerals)

📍 Context
✅ United States announced the launch of FORGE
✅ Announced during the inaugural Critical Minerals Ministerial
✅ Ministerial hosted in Washington DC
✅ Participation of 50+ countries, including India
✅ Aim: Strengthen cooperation to secure & diversify global critical mineral supply chains

📍 About FORGE

✅ Successor to MSP (Minerals Security Partnership)
• MSP focused on strengthening critical mineral supply chains to support economic prosperity and climate goals

✅ Objective
• Enable policy-level and project-level collaboration among partner countries
• Build diversified, resilient, and secure critical mineral supply chains

📍 Why it Matters

✅ Critical minerals are essential for:
• Clean energy transition (EVs, batteries, renewables)
• Advanced technologies
• Strategic & defence industries

✅ Reduces overdependence on limited suppliers
✅ Enhances geostrategic cooperation among like-minded countries

📌 Prelims Pointers
✅ FORGE = Successor to MSP
✅ Focus: Critical minerals security
✅ Platform: Multilateral cooperation

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