🔆 Development of Vernacular Education
📍 1835, 1836, 1838:
✅ William Adam’s reports on vernacular education in Bengal and Bihar highlighted defects in the system.
📍 1843-53:
✅ James Jonathan’s experiments in North West Provinces (UP), focusing on opening government schools for vernacular education and normal schools for teacher training.
📍 1853:
✅ In a famous minute, Lord Dalhousie expressed strong support for vernacular education.
📍 1854:
✅ Wood’s Despatch outlined provisions for vernacular education:
1. Improvement of standards
2. Supervision by government agencies
3. Normal schools to train teachers
📍 1854-71:
✅ The government focused on secondary vernacular education, leading to an increase in vernacular schools by more than five-fold.
📍 1882:
✅ The Hunter Commission recommended state efforts to improve vernacular education and mass education to be taught through vernaculars.
📍 1904:
✅ Education policy focused on vernacular education, providing increased grants for it.
📍 1929:
✅ Hartog Committee gave a gloomy view of primary education.
📍 1937:
✅ Congress ministries encouraged the growth of vernacular schools.
📍 Development of Technical Education:
✅ Engineering Colleges:
- Roorkee College (1847)
- Calcutta College of Engineering (1856)
- Poona College of Engineering affiliated to Bombay University.
✅ Medical Training:
- Medical College in Calcutta (1835).
- Lord Curzon worked to broaden agriculture, medicine, engineering, and other professional education through institutions like Pusa Agricultural College.
#history
Join @PIB_UPSC
@UPSC_4_HISTORY
📍 1835, 1836, 1838:
✅ William Adam’s reports on vernacular education in Bengal and Bihar highlighted defects in the system.
📍 1843-53:
✅ James Jonathan’s experiments in North West Provinces (UP), focusing on opening government schools for vernacular education and normal schools for teacher training.
📍 1853:
✅ In a famous minute, Lord Dalhousie expressed strong support for vernacular education.
📍 1854:
✅ Wood’s Despatch outlined provisions for vernacular education:
1. Improvement of standards
2. Supervision by government agencies
3. Normal schools to train teachers
📍 1854-71:
✅ The government focused on secondary vernacular education, leading to an increase in vernacular schools by more than five-fold.
📍 1882:
✅ The Hunter Commission recommended state efforts to improve vernacular education and mass education to be taught through vernaculars.
📍 1904:
✅ Education policy focused on vernacular education, providing increased grants for it.
📍 1929:
✅ Hartog Committee gave a gloomy view of primary education.
📍 1937:
✅ Congress ministries encouraged the growth of vernacular schools.
📍 Development of Technical Education:
✅ Engineering Colleges:
- Roorkee College (1847)
- Calcutta College of Engineering (1856)
- Poona College of Engineering affiliated to Bombay University.
✅ Medical Training:
- Medical College in Calcutta (1835).
- Lord Curzon worked to broaden agriculture, medicine, engineering, and other professional education through institutions like Pusa Agricultural College.
#history
Join @PIB_UPSC
@UPSC_4_HISTORY
❤3👌1
#Goodmorning
⏳84 days left CSM26 [ 21-08-26]
⏳359 days left CSP27 [ 23-05-27]
⏳448 days left CSM27 [ 20-08-27]
⏳191 days left UPPSC prelims 6 December
⏳185 days left Ras prelims 29 November
⏳107 Day left CDS/NDA 2 13 Sept
⏳101 day left Mppsc mains26 7 September
⏳70 days left Afcat 8 august
⏳58 days left 72nd BPSC PRELIMS 26 July
⏳51 days left CAPF AC 19 July
⏳37 days left APSC prelims 5 july
⏳29 days left HCS mains 27 june
⏳16 days left WBCS prelims 14 June
⏳15 days left RBI Grade B 13 june
⏳9 days Left OPSC/ GPSC prelims / CGPSC mains 07 June
⏳2 days left MPSC (MH) prelims [ 31-05-26]
#Target
#TargetOnlyone
#Accountability
https://t.me/anmolvachan1
⏳84 days left CSM26 [ 21-08-26]
⏳359 days left CSP27 [ 23-05-27]
⏳448 days left CSM27 [ 20-08-27]
⏳191 days left UPPSC prelims 6 December
⏳185 days left Ras prelims 29 November
⏳107 Day left CDS/NDA 2 13 Sept
⏳101 day left Mppsc mains26 7 September
⏳70 days left Afcat 8 august
⏳58 days left 72nd BPSC PRELIMS 26 July
⏳51 days left CAPF AC 19 July
⏳37 days left APSC prelims 5 july
⏳29 days left HCS mains 27 june
⏳16 days left WBCS prelims 14 June
⏳15 days left RBI Grade B 13 june
⏳9 days Left OPSC/ GPSC prelims / CGPSC mains 07 June
⏳2 days left MPSC (MH) prelims [ 31-05-26]
#Target
#TargetOnlyone
#Accountability
https://t.me/anmolvachan1
❤7
🔆 CURRENT AFFAIRS – 28 MAY 2026
🔆 STATES
📍 Tripura Queen Pineapple Mission Launched
✅ ₹236 crore initiative launched by Jyotiraditya Scindia
✅ Focus on GI-tagged Queen Pineapple cultivation and value chain development
✅ Three-year roadmap from FY2026 to FY2028
🔆 NATIONAL
📍 Adani Green Commissions Massive Battery Storage Project
✅ 3.37 GWh Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) commissioned at Khavda, Gujarat
✅ Claimed as world’s largest single-location battery storage deployment outside China
✅ Supports renewable energy grid reliability
📍 Government Expands GATC Framework
✅ Verification expanded to petrol, diesel, CNG, LPG, LNG and hydrogen systems
✅ Coverage increased from 18 to 23 categories under Legal Metrology framework
✅ Supports technology-driven governance and trade transparency
📍 Maritime Reform Utsav Launched
✅ Unveiled by Union Minister Sarbananda Sonowal
✅ Marks 12 years of maritime reforms
✅ Focus on digital governance and ease of doing business
📍 Google Launches Free AI Training for Teachers
✅ ‘Google for Education Schoolers (GES)’ programme announced
✅ Covers teachers across multiple Indian states
✅ Available in 6 Indian languages during first rollout phase
📍 ABDM Crosses 100 Crore Linked Health Records
✅ Ayushman Bharat Digital Mission achieved major milestone
✅ Uttar Pradesh leads with 15.03 crore linked records
✅ ABHA provides unique digital health ID to citizens
📍 National Conference on Agriculture for Kharif Campaign 2026
✅ Organised in New Delhi
✅ Focus on sustainable and climate-resilient agriculture
✅ Includes thematic discussions and state participation
🔆 INDIA & THE WORLD
📍 India and Canada Reset Economic Relations
✅ Target to achieve $50 billion bilateral trade by 2030
✅ Aim to finalise Free Trade Agreement by end of 2026
✅ Key sectors: Energy, technology, pharmaceuticals and agri-food
🔆 AGREEMENTS & MoUs
📍 AYUSHEXCIL and Spices Board Sign MoU
✅ Focus on strengthening wellness and natural products sector
✅ Covers branding, quality standards and global trade promotion
✅ Signed under Ministry of Commerce & Industry
🔆 APPOINTMENTS & RESIGNATIONS
📍 Ahmadou Al Aminou Lo Appointed PM of Senegal
✅ Appointed after dismissal of Ousmane Sonko
📍 SEBI Approves Two Executive Directors at CDSL
✅ Amit Mahajan and Nayana Ovalekar appointed as Executive Directors
📍 Packirisamy Jawahar Takes Charge as MPEDA Chairman
✅ Assumed office at Marine Products Export Development Authority
🔆 BOOKS & AUTHORS
📍 Shivraj Singh Chouhan Launches ‘Apnapan’
✅ Book based on experiences with PM Narendra Modi
✅ Released in New Delhi
📍 Novel ‘Bazaar’ Released in Himachal Pradesh
✅ Written by Niranjan Dev Sharma
✅ Released by CM Sukhvinder Singh Sukhu
🔆 SPORTS
📍 Kimi Antonelli Wins Canadian Grand Prix 2026
✅ 19-year-old Mercedes driver won Formula One Canadian GP
✅ Lewis Hamilton finished second
✅ Max Verstappen secured third place
📍 MYAS Notifies NSB and NST Rules 2026
✅ Issued under National Sports Governance Act, 2025
✅ NSB to regulate recognition of National Sports Bodies
✅ NST framework defines tribunal appointments and powers
📍 India to Host Major Asian Athletics Events
✅ Chandigarh to host Asian Relays 2027
✅ Bhubaneswar to host Asian Indoor Championships 2028
🔆 SCHEMES
📍 Cabinet Approves SARTHAK-PDS Scheme
✅ ₹25,530 crore outlay till March 2031
✅ Integrates ration transport and SMART PDS reforms
✅ Strengthens implementation of NFSA, 2013
🔆 RANKS & REPORTs
📍 National Health Accounts Estimates 2022–23 Released
✅ Government Health Expenditure rose to 1.43% of GDP
✅ Per capita health expenditure increased to ₹2,786
✅ Report released by Union Health Ministry
🔆 IMPORTANT DAYS
📍 Kolkata to Host International Day of Yoga 2026 Main Event
✅ Theme: “Yoga for Healthy Ageing”
✅ Event to be held on 21 June in Kolkata
✅ Yoga Sangam Portal relaunched for registrations
🔆 SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
📍 Indian Scientists Develop CLEAR Imaging Technology
✅ Developed at JNCASR, Bengaluru
✅ Helps diagnose cancer and neurological disorders
🔆 STATES
📍 Tripura Queen Pineapple Mission Launched
✅ ₹236 crore initiative launched by Jyotiraditya Scindia
✅ Focus on GI-tagged Queen Pineapple cultivation and value chain development
✅ Three-year roadmap from FY2026 to FY2028
🔆 NATIONAL
📍 Adani Green Commissions Massive Battery Storage Project
✅ 3.37 GWh Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) commissioned at Khavda, Gujarat
✅ Claimed as world’s largest single-location battery storage deployment outside China
✅ Supports renewable energy grid reliability
📍 Government Expands GATC Framework
✅ Verification expanded to petrol, diesel, CNG, LPG, LNG and hydrogen systems
✅ Coverage increased from 18 to 23 categories under Legal Metrology framework
✅ Supports technology-driven governance and trade transparency
📍 Maritime Reform Utsav Launched
✅ Unveiled by Union Minister Sarbananda Sonowal
✅ Marks 12 years of maritime reforms
✅ Focus on digital governance and ease of doing business
📍 Google Launches Free AI Training for Teachers
✅ ‘Google for Education Schoolers (GES)’ programme announced
✅ Covers teachers across multiple Indian states
✅ Available in 6 Indian languages during first rollout phase
📍 ABDM Crosses 100 Crore Linked Health Records
✅ Ayushman Bharat Digital Mission achieved major milestone
✅ Uttar Pradesh leads with 15.03 crore linked records
✅ ABHA provides unique digital health ID to citizens
📍 National Conference on Agriculture for Kharif Campaign 2026
✅ Organised in New Delhi
✅ Focus on sustainable and climate-resilient agriculture
✅ Includes thematic discussions and state participation
🔆 INDIA & THE WORLD
📍 India and Canada Reset Economic Relations
✅ Target to achieve $50 billion bilateral trade by 2030
✅ Aim to finalise Free Trade Agreement by end of 2026
✅ Key sectors: Energy, technology, pharmaceuticals and agri-food
🔆 AGREEMENTS & MoUs
📍 AYUSHEXCIL and Spices Board Sign MoU
✅ Focus on strengthening wellness and natural products sector
✅ Covers branding, quality standards and global trade promotion
✅ Signed under Ministry of Commerce & Industry
🔆 APPOINTMENTS & RESIGNATIONS
📍 Ahmadou Al Aminou Lo Appointed PM of Senegal
✅ Appointed after dismissal of Ousmane Sonko
📍 SEBI Approves Two Executive Directors at CDSL
✅ Amit Mahajan and Nayana Ovalekar appointed as Executive Directors
📍 Packirisamy Jawahar Takes Charge as MPEDA Chairman
✅ Assumed office at Marine Products Export Development Authority
🔆 BOOKS & AUTHORS
📍 Shivraj Singh Chouhan Launches ‘Apnapan’
✅ Book based on experiences with PM Narendra Modi
✅ Released in New Delhi
📍 Novel ‘Bazaar’ Released in Himachal Pradesh
✅ Written by Niranjan Dev Sharma
✅ Released by CM Sukhvinder Singh Sukhu
🔆 SPORTS
📍 Kimi Antonelli Wins Canadian Grand Prix 2026
✅ 19-year-old Mercedes driver won Formula One Canadian GP
✅ Lewis Hamilton finished second
✅ Max Verstappen secured third place
📍 MYAS Notifies NSB and NST Rules 2026
✅ Issued under National Sports Governance Act, 2025
✅ NSB to regulate recognition of National Sports Bodies
✅ NST framework defines tribunal appointments and powers
📍 India to Host Major Asian Athletics Events
✅ Chandigarh to host Asian Relays 2027
✅ Bhubaneswar to host Asian Indoor Championships 2028
🔆 SCHEMES
📍 Cabinet Approves SARTHAK-PDS Scheme
✅ ₹25,530 crore outlay till March 2031
✅ Integrates ration transport and SMART PDS reforms
✅ Strengthens implementation of NFSA, 2013
🔆 RANKS & REPORTs
📍 National Health Accounts Estimates 2022–23 Released
✅ Government Health Expenditure rose to 1.43% of GDP
✅ Per capita health expenditure increased to ₹2,786
✅ Report released by Union Health Ministry
🔆 IMPORTANT DAYS
📍 Kolkata to Host International Day of Yoga 2026 Main Event
✅ Theme: “Yoga for Healthy Ageing”
✅ Event to be held on 21 June in Kolkata
✅ Yoga Sangam Portal relaunched for registrations
🔆 SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
📍 Indian Scientists Develop CLEAR Imaging Technology
✅ Developed at JNCASR, Bengaluru
✅ Helps diagnose cancer and neurological disorders
❤8
✅ Uses advanced fluorescent imaging platform
📍 NASA Announces Permanent Moon Base Plan
✅ USD 20 billion three-phase programme unveiled
✅ Targets lunar base setup from 2027 onwards
✅ Includes lunar habitats, rovers and research missions
🔆 DEFENCE
📍 Four-Dimensional Grid Border Security Framework Proposed
✅ Proposed by Union Home Minister
✅ Integrates BSF, Army, cyber units and local administration
✅ Designed for multi-layered border security architecture
🔆 COMMITTEES
📍 Justice Prakash Prabhakar Naolekar Committee Formed
✅ High-level panel to study illegal immigration and demographic changes
✅ Includes Census Commissioner and senior former IAS/IPS officers
✅ Constituted by Ministry of Home Affairs
#CurrentAffairs
📍 NASA Announces Permanent Moon Base Plan
✅ USD 20 billion three-phase programme unveiled
✅ Targets lunar base setup from 2027 onwards
✅ Includes lunar habitats, rovers and research missions
🔆 DEFENCE
📍 Four-Dimensional Grid Border Security Framework Proposed
✅ Proposed by Union Home Minister
✅ Integrates BSF, Army, cyber units and local administration
✅ Designed for multi-layered border security architecture
🔆 COMMITTEES
📍 Justice Prakash Prabhakar Naolekar Committee Formed
✅ High-level panel to study illegal immigration and demographic changes
✅ Includes Census Commissioner and senior former IAS/IPS officers
✅ Constituted by Ministry of Home Affairs
#CurrentAffairs
❤1
🔆Self-respect marriages
✅The Supreme Court observed that there is no blanket ban on advocates solemnising “self-respect” marriages under Section 7(A) of the Hindu Marriage Act, 1955.
✅ In 1968, the Hindu Marriage (Tamil Nadu Amendment) Act, 1967, received the President’s approval and became the law.
✅ This amendment modified the Hindu Marriage Act of 1955, by inserting Section 7-A into it.
✅ However, it extended only to the state of Tamil Nadu.
✅ Section 7-A deals with the special provision on “self-respect and secular marriages”.
✅ It legally recognises any marriage between any two Hindus, which can be referred to as “suyamariyathai” or “seerthiruththa marriage” or by any other name.
✅ Such marriages are solemnised in the presence of relatives, friends, or other persons, with parties declaring each other to be husband or wife, in a language understood by them.
✅ Such marriages are also required to be registered as per the law.
▪️Aim:
✅To radically simplify weddings by shunning the need for mandatory Brahmin priests, holy fire and saptapadi (seven steps).
✅ This allowed marriages to be declared in the presence of the couple’s friends or family or any other persons.
✅ The amendment was made to do away with the need for priests and rituals, which were otherwise required to complete wedding ceremonies.
#gs1
#society
#mains
Join @CSE_EXAM
@upsc_society_gs
✅The Supreme Court observed that there is no blanket ban on advocates solemnising “self-respect” marriages under Section 7(A) of the Hindu Marriage Act, 1955.
✅ In 1968, the Hindu Marriage (Tamil Nadu Amendment) Act, 1967, received the President’s approval and became the law.
✅ This amendment modified the Hindu Marriage Act of 1955, by inserting Section 7-A into it.
✅ However, it extended only to the state of Tamil Nadu.
✅ Section 7-A deals with the special provision on “self-respect and secular marriages”.
✅ It legally recognises any marriage between any two Hindus, which can be referred to as “suyamariyathai” or “seerthiruththa marriage” or by any other name.
✅ Such marriages are solemnised in the presence of relatives, friends, or other persons, with parties declaring each other to be husband or wife, in a language understood by them.
✅ Such marriages are also required to be registered as per the law.
▪️Aim:
✅To radically simplify weddings by shunning the need for mandatory Brahmin priests, holy fire and saptapadi (seven steps).
✅ This allowed marriages to be declared in the presence of the couple’s friends or family or any other persons.
✅ The amendment was made to do away with the need for priests and rituals, which were otherwise required to complete wedding ceremonies.
#gs1
#society
#mains
Join @CSE_EXAM
@upsc_society_gs
❤4
bpsc prelims accelerator anmol vachan.pdf
331.2 KB
BPSC Prelims Accelerator Program
Starts 1 June
Bot quiz at 9 PM; all questions available on the Telegram channel with explanations.
30 MCQs/Day
Fee: 499 Rs
Time: 9 PM
Anyone interested, DM @studytoday_bot
Starts 1 June
Bot quiz at 9 PM; all questions available on the Telegram channel with explanations.
30 MCQs/Day
Fee: 499 Rs
Time: 9 PM
Anyone interested, DM @studytoday_bot
❤2
🔆 SARTHAK-PDS Scheme
📍 Why in News?
✅ Cabinet approved SARTHAK-PDS (Scheme for Assistance in Ration Transport and Handling-Income with Automation in PDS) to modernize the Public Distribution System.
📍 About SARTHAK-PDS
✅ Integrates two existing schemes:
• Assistance for intra-State movement of foodgrains & FPS dealer margins under NFSA
• SMART-PDS (Modernization & Technology Reforms in PDS)
✅ Duration: Up to 31 March 2031
✅ Outlay: ₹25,530 crore
✅ Coverage: ~81.35 crore NFSA beneficiaries
📍 Objectives
✅ Improve last-mile delivery of foodgrains.
✅ Reduce leakages and pilferage.
✅ Create a unified, citizen-centric and interoperable PDS.
✅ Strengthen transparency and accountability.
📍 Key Features
✅ Unified national beneficiary databases.
✅ AI-enabled analytics dashboards.
✅ Automated grievance redressal systems.
✅ Real-time monitoring of distribution networks.
✅ Standardized digital processes.
✅ ISO-certified operational protocols.
📍 About Public Distribution System (PDS)
✅ Ministry: Ministry of Consumer Affairs, Food & Public Distribution
✅ Operated Jointly By:
🔹 Centre (through FCI)
• Procurement of foodgrains
• Storage
• Transportation
• Bulk allocation to States
🔹 States/UTs
• Identification of beneficiaries
• Issuance of ration cards
• Distribution through Fair Price Shops (FPS)
• Monitoring and supervision
📍 NFSA, 2013 Entitlements
✅ Antyodaya Anna Yojana (AAY)
• 35 kg foodgrains per family per month
✅ Priority Households (PHH)
• 5 kg foodgrains per person per month
📍 Prelims Fact
✅ The National Food Security Act (NFSA), 2013 covers nearly 67% of India’s population through subsidized foodgrain distribution.
#goverment_schemes
Join https://t.me/PIB_UPSC
https://t.me/upsc_government_scheme
📍 Why in News?
✅ Cabinet approved SARTHAK-PDS (Scheme for Assistance in Ration Transport and Handling-Income with Automation in PDS) to modernize the Public Distribution System.
📍 About SARTHAK-PDS
✅ Integrates two existing schemes:
• Assistance for intra-State movement of foodgrains & FPS dealer margins under NFSA
• SMART-PDS (Modernization & Technology Reforms in PDS)
✅ Duration: Up to 31 March 2031
✅ Outlay: ₹25,530 crore
✅ Coverage: ~81.35 crore NFSA beneficiaries
📍 Objectives
✅ Improve last-mile delivery of foodgrains.
✅ Reduce leakages and pilferage.
✅ Create a unified, citizen-centric and interoperable PDS.
✅ Strengthen transparency and accountability.
📍 Key Features
✅ Unified national beneficiary databases.
✅ AI-enabled analytics dashboards.
✅ Automated grievance redressal systems.
✅ Real-time monitoring of distribution networks.
✅ Standardized digital processes.
✅ ISO-certified operational protocols.
📍 About Public Distribution System (PDS)
✅ Ministry: Ministry of Consumer Affairs, Food & Public Distribution
✅ Operated Jointly By:
🔹 Centre (through FCI)
• Procurement of foodgrains
• Storage
• Transportation
• Bulk allocation to States
🔹 States/UTs
• Identification of beneficiaries
• Issuance of ration cards
• Distribution through Fair Price Shops (FPS)
• Monitoring and supervision
📍 NFSA, 2013 Entitlements
✅ Antyodaya Anna Yojana (AAY)
• 35 kg foodgrains per family per month
✅ Priority Households (PHH)
• 5 kg foodgrains per person per month
📍 Prelims Fact
✅ The National Food Security Act (NFSA), 2013 covers nearly 67% of India’s population through subsidized foodgrain distribution.
#goverment_schemes
Join https://t.me/PIB_UPSC
https://t.me/upsc_government_scheme
❤7👍1
#Goodmorning
⏳83 days left CSM26 [ 21-08-26]
⏳358 days left CSP27 [ 23-05-27]
⏳447 days left CSM27 [ 20-08-27]
⏳190 days left UPPSC prelims 6 December
⏳184 days left Ras prelims 29 November
⏳106 Day left CDS/NDA 2 13 Sept
⏳100 day left Mppsc mains26 7 September
⏳69 days left Afcat 8 august
⏳57 days left 72nd BPSC PRELIMS 26 July
⏳50 days left CAPF AC 19 July
⏳36 days left APSC prelims 5 july
⏳28 days left HCS mains 27 june
⏳15 days left WBCS prelims 14 June
⏳14 days left RBI Grade B 13 june
⏳8 days Left OPSC/ GPSC prelims / CGPSC mains 07 June
⏳ Tomorrow MPSC (MH) prelims [ 31-05-26]
#Target
#TargetOnlyone
#Accountability
https://t.me/anmolvachan1
⏳83 days left CSM26 [ 21-08-26]
⏳358 days left CSP27 [ 23-05-27]
⏳447 days left CSM27 [ 20-08-27]
⏳190 days left UPPSC prelims 6 December
⏳184 days left Ras prelims 29 November
⏳106 Day left CDS/NDA 2 13 Sept
⏳100 day left Mppsc mains26 7 September
⏳69 days left Afcat 8 august
⏳57 days left 72nd BPSC PRELIMS 26 July
⏳50 days left CAPF AC 19 July
⏳36 days left APSC prelims 5 july
⏳28 days left HCS mains 27 june
⏳15 days left WBCS prelims 14 June
⏳14 days left RBI Grade B 13 june
⏳8 days Left OPSC/ GPSC prelims / CGPSC mains 07 June
⏳ Tomorrow MPSC (MH) prelims [ 31-05-26]
#Target
#TargetOnlyone
#Accountability
https://t.me/anmolvachan1
❤3👍3
🔆 CURRENT AFFAIRS – 29 MAY 2026
🔆 INTERNATIONAL
📍 Russia to Build Kazakhstan’s First Nuclear Power Plant
✅ Project cost estimated at $16.5 billion
✅ Russia to finance about 85% through export loan
✅ Rosatom will lead construction using VVER-1200 Generation III+ reactors
✅ Construction expected to begin in 2027
🔆 NATIONAL
📍 Record Foodgrain Production Expected
✅ Third Advance Estimates project highest-ever foodgrain production
✅ Total foodgrain output estimated at 376.56 million tonnes in 2025–26
✅ Rice, wheat and maize production expected to reach record levels
📍 Sikkim Becomes India’s Fifth Fully Literate State
✅ Achieved status under ULLAS initiative
✅ Fifth fully literate state in India
✅ Third state in Northeast to attain the milestone
✅ ULLAS focuses on adult education, literacy and lifelong learning
📍 Supreme Court Recognises Trauma Care Under Article 21
✅ Access to trauma care declared part of Right to Life
✅ Court directed integration of emergency helplines into single number 112
✅ Strengthens emergency healthcare access as a constitutional right
📍 India Ranks Second in APAC Data Centre Capacity
✅ Operational data centre capacity reached 1.6 GW
✅ Among top three global markets by development pipeline with 3.1 GW planned capacity
✅ Hyderabad ranked top secondary data-centre market in APAC
🔆 DEFENCE
📍 MoD Issues RFP for AMCA Programme
✅ Advanced Medium Combat Aircraft (AMCA) is India’s first indigenous fifth-generation stealth fighter
✅ Prototype development cost estimated at ₹15,000 crore
✅ Implemented by ADA under DRDO
📍 IAF and IIT Bombay Collaborate on Su-30 MKI Engines
✅ Developing AI-based “Health Index” for fighter aircraft engines
✅ Uses AI Digital Twin technology
✅ Expected to improve availability and reduce maintenance costs
🔆 AGREEMENTS & MoUs
📍 NSDC and FVCC Partnership
✅ Strengthens workforce mobility opportunities in Japan
✅ Uses NSDC Trust’s “Credibility Check” framework
✅ Target to facilitate movement of 50,000 skilled Indians to Japan in five years
📍 TCS Partners with Mistral AI
✅ To become first Global Systems Integrator for Mistral Forge
✅ Focus on enterprise-grade AI solutions
✅ Key sectors: BFSI, healthcare, manufacturing and public sector
📍 SAIL Signs MoU with EdCIL
✅ Promotes inclusive education through CSR initiatives
✅ Smart Digital Classrooms to be established near SAIL operational areas
✅ Supports NEP 2020 and SDG-4 goals
🔆 STATES
📍 Chhattisgarh Launches Adarsh Shahar Samriddhi Yojana
✅ ₹200 crore allocated in Budget 2026–27
✅ Focus on civic infrastructure in emerging towns
✅ Extends support to Nagar Palikas and Nagar Panchayats
📍 Women-Led Solar Power Plant Inaugurated in Telangana
✅ India’s first women SHG-operated solar power project
✅ 1 MW plant established in Khammam district
✅ Developed under Indira Mahila Shakti Scheme
✅ Expected monthly income of ₹4.5–5 lakh for participating groups
🔆 SCHEMES
📍 PMAY-G Funds Released to 12 States
✅ Over ₹10,000 crore released under Pradhan Mantri Awaas Yojana-Gramin
✅ 3.91 crore houses approved against target of 4.95 crore
✅ Around 75% houses sanctioned in name of women or joint ownership
🔆 IMPORTANT DAYS
📍 World Hunger Day – 28 May
✅ Theme: “The End of Hunger is in Our Hands”
📍 World Menstrual Hygiene Day – 28 May
✅ Theme: “Together for a #PeriodFriendlyWorld”
🔆 AWARDS & HONOURS
📍 Sikkim Police Receives President’s Police Colour
✅ Highest ceremonial honour for a police force in India
✅ Sikkim Police becomes 15th state police force to receive it
📍 Two Indian Peacekeepers to Receive UN Honours
✅ Harbhajan Singh and Sujit Kumar Pradhan to receive Dag Hammarskjöld Medal posthumously
✅ Major Abhilasha Barak to receive Military Gender Advocate of the Year Award
🔆 SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
📍 Indian Scientist Discovers ‘Loktak Protocluster’
✅ 12.6-billion-year-old “City of Galaxies” discovered
✅ Led by Dr. Ronaldo Laishram of NAOJ, Japan
✅ Named after Loktak Lake in Manipur
✅ Findings published in The Astrophysical Journal Letters
#CurrentAffairs
Join https://t.me/CurrentAffairs_ONLY
🔆 INTERNATIONAL
📍 Russia to Build Kazakhstan’s First Nuclear Power Plant
✅ Project cost estimated at $16.5 billion
✅ Russia to finance about 85% through export loan
✅ Rosatom will lead construction using VVER-1200 Generation III+ reactors
✅ Construction expected to begin in 2027
🔆 NATIONAL
📍 Record Foodgrain Production Expected
✅ Third Advance Estimates project highest-ever foodgrain production
✅ Total foodgrain output estimated at 376.56 million tonnes in 2025–26
✅ Rice, wheat and maize production expected to reach record levels
📍 Sikkim Becomes India’s Fifth Fully Literate State
✅ Achieved status under ULLAS initiative
✅ Fifth fully literate state in India
✅ Third state in Northeast to attain the milestone
✅ ULLAS focuses on adult education, literacy and lifelong learning
📍 Supreme Court Recognises Trauma Care Under Article 21
✅ Access to trauma care declared part of Right to Life
✅ Court directed integration of emergency helplines into single number 112
✅ Strengthens emergency healthcare access as a constitutional right
📍 India Ranks Second in APAC Data Centre Capacity
✅ Operational data centre capacity reached 1.6 GW
✅ Among top three global markets by development pipeline with 3.1 GW planned capacity
✅ Hyderabad ranked top secondary data-centre market in APAC
🔆 DEFENCE
📍 MoD Issues RFP for AMCA Programme
✅ Advanced Medium Combat Aircraft (AMCA) is India’s first indigenous fifth-generation stealth fighter
✅ Prototype development cost estimated at ₹15,000 crore
✅ Implemented by ADA under DRDO
📍 IAF and IIT Bombay Collaborate on Su-30 MKI Engines
✅ Developing AI-based “Health Index” for fighter aircraft engines
✅ Uses AI Digital Twin technology
✅ Expected to improve availability and reduce maintenance costs
🔆 AGREEMENTS & MoUs
📍 NSDC and FVCC Partnership
✅ Strengthens workforce mobility opportunities in Japan
✅ Uses NSDC Trust’s “Credibility Check” framework
✅ Target to facilitate movement of 50,000 skilled Indians to Japan in five years
📍 TCS Partners with Mistral AI
✅ To become first Global Systems Integrator for Mistral Forge
✅ Focus on enterprise-grade AI solutions
✅ Key sectors: BFSI, healthcare, manufacturing and public sector
📍 SAIL Signs MoU with EdCIL
✅ Promotes inclusive education through CSR initiatives
✅ Smart Digital Classrooms to be established near SAIL operational areas
✅ Supports NEP 2020 and SDG-4 goals
🔆 STATES
📍 Chhattisgarh Launches Adarsh Shahar Samriddhi Yojana
✅ ₹200 crore allocated in Budget 2026–27
✅ Focus on civic infrastructure in emerging towns
✅ Extends support to Nagar Palikas and Nagar Panchayats
📍 Women-Led Solar Power Plant Inaugurated in Telangana
✅ India’s first women SHG-operated solar power project
✅ 1 MW plant established in Khammam district
✅ Developed under Indira Mahila Shakti Scheme
✅ Expected monthly income of ₹4.5–5 lakh for participating groups
🔆 SCHEMES
📍 PMAY-G Funds Released to 12 States
✅ Over ₹10,000 crore released under Pradhan Mantri Awaas Yojana-Gramin
✅ 3.91 crore houses approved against target of 4.95 crore
✅ Around 75% houses sanctioned in name of women or joint ownership
🔆 IMPORTANT DAYS
📍 World Hunger Day – 28 May
✅ Theme: “The End of Hunger is in Our Hands”
📍 World Menstrual Hygiene Day – 28 May
✅ Theme: “Together for a #PeriodFriendlyWorld”
🔆 AWARDS & HONOURS
📍 Sikkim Police Receives President’s Police Colour
✅ Highest ceremonial honour for a police force in India
✅ Sikkim Police becomes 15th state police force to receive it
📍 Two Indian Peacekeepers to Receive UN Honours
✅ Harbhajan Singh and Sujit Kumar Pradhan to receive Dag Hammarskjöld Medal posthumously
✅ Major Abhilasha Barak to receive Military Gender Advocate of the Year Award
🔆 SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
📍 Indian Scientist Discovers ‘Loktak Protocluster’
✅ 12.6-billion-year-old “City of Galaxies” discovered
✅ Led by Dr. Ronaldo Laishram of NAOJ, Japan
✅ Named after Loktak Lake in Manipur
✅ Findings published in The Astrophysical Journal Letters
#CurrentAffairs
Join https://t.me/CurrentAffairs_ONLY
❤3
BPSC Prelims Accelerator Program
Starts 1 June
Bot quiz at 9 PM; all questions available on the Telegram channel with explanations.
30 MCQs/Day
Bpsc Pyq+ current affairs
Total 1700+ MCQ
Fee: 499 Rs
Time: 9 PM
Contact https://t.me/studytoday_bot
Telegram - https://t.me/bpsc_exam_prep
Starts 1 June
Bot quiz at 9 PM; all questions available on the Telegram channel with explanations.
30 MCQs/Day
Bpsc Pyq+ current affairs
Total 1700+ MCQ
Fee: 499 Rs
Time: 9 PM
Contact https://t.me/studytoday_bot
Telegram - https://t.me/bpsc_exam_prep
❤1
🔆 Inclusive Pension System for India
📍 Why in News?
✅ Economic Survey 2025–26 highlighted that India’s pension assets are only 17% of GDP with less than 12% workforce coverage.
✅ Experts advocate an inclusive national pension system to address rising old-age dependency.
📍 What is a Pension System?
✅ Provides financial security and income after retirement.
✅ Ensures income stability when earning capacity declines.
📊 Key Statistics
✅ Pension assets: 17% of GDP (India) vs ~80% in OECD countries
✅ Workforce coverage: ~12%
✅ NPS + APY coverage: ~5.3% of population (FY24)
✅ Old-age dependency ratio projected to reach 30% by 2050
📍 Why India Needs an Inclusive Pension System
✅ Rising Old-Age Dependency
• Increasing elderly population may trigger old-age poverty.
✅ Large Informal Workforce
• Around 85% of workforce remains outside formal pension coverage.
✅ Financial Security
• Protects low-income households and reduces vulnerability.
✅ Supports Viksit Bharat 2047
• Promotes sustainable and inclusive economic growth.
📍 Major Pension Initiatives
✅ National Pension System (NPS)
• Voluntary, market-linked pension scheme.
✅ Atal Pension Yojana (APY)
• Targeted at informal sector workers.
✅ Unified Pension Scheme (UPS)
• Introduced in 2024 for government employees.
• Assured minimum pension of ₹10,000.
✅ NPS Vatsalya
• Pension scheme for children to encourage long-term savings.
📍 Challenges
✅ Low coverage and awareness.
✅ Fragmented pension architecture.
✅ Inadequate pension adequacy.
✅ Fiscal sustainability concerns.
✅ Limited participation of informal workers.
📍 Way Forward
✅ Create a Unified Three-Tier Pension Framework.
✅ Introduce a basic universal pension.
✅ Promote financial literacy and pension awareness.
✅ Use digital platforms and UPI-enabled pension systems.
✅ Encourage auto-enrolment and behavioural nudges.
✅ Increase private sector participation in pension funds.
📍 Prelims Facts
✅ PFRDA (Pension Fund Regulatory and Development Authority) regulates the National Pension System (NPS).
✅ Atal Pension Yojana (APY) is administered by the Ministry of Finance and focuses on workers in the unorganized sector.
#GS3 #Economy #Mains
📍 Why in News?
✅ Economic Survey 2025–26 highlighted that India’s pension assets are only 17% of GDP with less than 12% workforce coverage.
✅ Experts advocate an inclusive national pension system to address rising old-age dependency.
📍 What is a Pension System?
✅ Provides financial security and income after retirement.
✅ Ensures income stability when earning capacity declines.
📊 Key Statistics
✅ Pension assets: 17% of GDP (India) vs ~80% in OECD countries
✅ Workforce coverage: ~12%
✅ NPS + APY coverage: ~5.3% of population (FY24)
✅ Old-age dependency ratio projected to reach 30% by 2050
📍 Why India Needs an Inclusive Pension System
✅ Rising Old-Age Dependency
• Increasing elderly population may trigger old-age poverty.
✅ Large Informal Workforce
• Around 85% of workforce remains outside formal pension coverage.
✅ Financial Security
• Protects low-income households and reduces vulnerability.
✅ Supports Viksit Bharat 2047
• Promotes sustainable and inclusive economic growth.
📍 Major Pension Initiatives
✅ National Pension System (NPS)
• Voluntary, market-linked pension scheme.
✅ Atal Pension Yojana (APY)
• Targeted at informal sector workers.
✅ Unified Pension Scheme (UPS)
• Introduced in 2024 for government employees.
• Assured minimum pension of ₹10,000.
✅ NPS Vatsalya
• Pension scheme for children to encourage long-term savings.
📍 Challenges
✅ Low coverage and awareness.
✅ Fragmented pension architecture.
✅ Inadequate pension adequacy.
✅ Fiscal sustainability concerns.
✅ Limited participation of informal workers.
📍 Way Forward
✅ Create a Unified Three-Tier Pension Framework.
✅ Introduce a basic universal pension.
✅ Promote financial literacy and pension awareness.
✅ Use digital platforms and UPI-enabled pension systems.
✅ Encourage auto-enrolment and behavioural nudges.
✅ Increase private sector participation in pension funds.
📍 Prelims Facts
✅ PFRDA (Pension Fund Regulatory and Development Authority) regulates the National Pension System (NPS).
✅ Atal Pension Yojana (APY) is administered by the Ministry of Finance and focuses on workers in the unorganized sector.
#GS3 #Economy #Mains
❤8
bpsc prelims accelerator anmol vachan.pdf
331.2 KB
BPSC Prelims Accelerator Program
Starts 1 June
Bot quiz at 9 PM; all questions available on the Telegram channel with explanations.
30 MCQs/Day
Fee: 499 Rs
Time: 9 PM
Anyone interested, DM @studytoday_bot
Starts 1 June
Bot quiz at 9 PM; all questions available on the Telegram channel with explanations.
30 MCQs/Day
Fee: 499 Rs
Time: 9 PM
Anyone interested, DM @studytoday_bot
❤1
🔆 5G Network Slicing
📍 Why in News?
✅ Bharti Airtel launched India’s first consumer-focused 5G Network Slicing plan, ‘Priority Postpaid’, sparking a debate on net neutrality.
📍 What is 5G Network Slicing?
✅ A technology that allows a telecom operator to divide a single physical 5G network into multiple virtual and independent network slices.
✅ Each slice is customized to meet specific Quality of Service (QoS) requirements for different users, applications, or industries.
📍 How Does It Work?
✅ Uses:
• Software-Defined Networking (SDN)
• Network Functions Virtualization (NFV)
✅ Dynamically allocates:
• Bandwidth
• Processing power
• Network resources
• Latency levels
✅ During network congestion, dedicated slices ensure consistent performance for assigned users.
📍 Key Features
✅ Virtual Isolation
• Multiple slices share the same infrastructure but function independently.
• Traffic surge in one slice does not affect others.
✅ Dynamic Resource Allocation
• Resources can be scaled up or down in real time.
✅ Application Agnostic
• Treats all data equally regardless of apps or websites being used.
✅ Customized Network Slices
• Ultra-low latency for autonomous vehicles and remote surgery.
• Massive connectivity for IoT devices.
• High-speed broadband for premium consumers.
📍 Significance
✅ Enables telecom operators to provide dedicated and congestion-free 5G services.
✅ Supports advanced technologies such as:
• Smart factories
• Autonomous vehicles
• Telemedicine
• Industrial IoT
• Smart cities
✅ Creates new revenue streams through premium service offerings.
📍 Concerns
✅ Raises questions regarding Net Neutrality.
✅ Critics argue premium users may receive superior network quality during congestion, potentially widening the digital divide.
✅ Telecom companies maintain that all content is treated equally and only network resources are prioritized.
📍 Prelims Pointer
✅ SDN (Software-Defined Networking) separates network control from hardware, while NFV (Network Functions Virtualization) replaces dedicated hardware with software-based network functions.
#GS3
#prelims
#science_technology
#science_and_technology
Join https://t.me/PIB_UPSC
https://t.me/upsc_science_and_technology
📍 Why in News?
✅ Bharti Airtel launched India’s first consumer-focused 5G Network Slicing plan, ‘Priority Postpaid’, sparking a debate on net neutrality.
📍 What is 5G Network Slicing?
✅ A technology that allows a telecom operator to divide a single physical 5G network into multiple virtual and independent network slices.
✅ Each slice is customized to meet specific Quality of Service (QoS) requirements for different users, applications, or industries.
📍 How Does It Work?
✅ Uses:
• Software-Defined Networking (SDN)
• Network Functions Virtualization (NFV)
✅ Dynamically allocates:
• Bandwidth
• Processing power
• Network resources
• Latency levels
✅ During network congestion, dedicated slices ensure consistent performance for assigned users.
📍 Key Features
✅ Virtual Isolation
• Multiple slices share the same infrastructure but function independently.
• Traffic surge in one slice does not affect others.
✅ Dynamic Resource Allocation
• Resources can be scaled up or down in real time.
✅ Application Agnostic
• Treats all data equally regardless of apps or websites being used.
✅ Customized Network Slices
• Ultra-low latency for autonomous vehicles and remote surgery.
• Massive connectivity for IoT devices.
• High-speed broadband for premium consumers.
📍 Significance
✅ Enables telecom operators to provide dedicated and congestion-free 5G services.
✅ Supports advanced technologies such as:
• Smart factories
• Autonomous vehicles
• Telemedicine
• Industrial IoT
• Smart cities
✅ Creates new revenue streams through premium service offerings.
📍 Concerns
✅ Raises questions regarding Net Neutrality.
✅ Critics argue premium users may receive superior network quality during congestion, potentially widening the digital divide.
✅ Telecom companies maintain that all content is treated equally and only network resources are prioritized.
📍 Prelims Pointer
✅ SDN (Software-Defined Networking) separates network control from hardware, while NFV (Network Functions Virtualization) replaces dedicated hardware with software-based network functions.
#GS3
#prelims
#science_technology
#science_and_technology
Join https://t.me/PIB_UPSC
https://t.me/upsc_science_and_technology
❤3