23 june current affairs

🔆 CURRENT AFFAIRS – 24 JUNE 2026

🔆 NATIONAL

📍 VOC Port Launches India’s First PortGPT App
✅ V.O. Chidambaranar Port Authority launched PortGPT
✅ First major Indian port to deploy enterprise-grade Generative AI mobile platform
✅ Port located at Thoothukudi, Tamil Nadu
✅ Renewable energy offsets nearly 94% of energy consumption
✅ Recognized as a Scope-2 Emission Free Port
✅ MoU signed with Gati Shakti Vishwavidyalaya

📍 India’s First Private Hybrid 2G Ethanol Project Gets Support
✅ MoPNG approved ₹150 crore assistance
✅ Support for India’s first private-sector 91 KLPD Hybrid 2G Ethanol Biorefinery
✅ Located at Wave Sugar, Uttar Pradesh
✅ Uses agricultural residues like bagasse and crop stalks
✅ Supports cleaner biofuel production and stubble management

📍 DISHA 2.0 Scheme Approved
✅ Designing Innovative Solutions for Holistic Access to Justice (DISHA 2.0)
✅ Duration: 2026–2031
✅ Total outlay: ₹255 crore
✅ Supports Articles 14, 21 and 39A
✅ Target: Reach 3 crore beneficiaries
✅ Aligns with Viksit Bharat 2047 and SDGs

🔆 INDIA & THE WORLD

📍 Queen Máxima Visits India to Study UPI Ecosystem
✅ Visited India as UNSGSA for Financial Health
✅ Reviewed India’s UPI, Aadhaar and Account Aggregator Framework
✅ Praised India’s Digital Public Infrastructure (DPI)
✅ Emphasized focus on financial health beyond financial inclusion
✅ Netherlands Capital: Amsterdam; Seat of Government: The Hague

🔆 AGREEMENTS & MoUs

📍 BHASHINI Division Signs MoU with AISF
✅ Promotes multilingual AI and language technology in Assam
✅ Signed between Digital India BHASHINI Division and Assam Innovation & Startup Foundation
✅ Supports digital access through regional languages
✅ Encourages innovation in language technologies

📍 NHAI Signs MoU with NCAER
✅ Establishes NHAI Centre for Economics of Transportation, Mobility and Logistics
✅ Focus on transport and logistics research
✅ Strengthens evidence-based infrastructure policymaking
✅ NCAER is India’s oldest independent economic policy research institute

🔆 DEFENCE

📍 India Tests Indigenous Garudastra Mortar System
✅ Successfully tested Garudastra 120 mm Vehicle-Mounted Mortar System
✅ Developed by Nibe Limited
✅ Tested at Infantry School, Mhow (Madhya Pradesh)
✅ Range: 7–10 km
✅ Can fire 12 rounds in 60 seconds
✅ Supports shoot-and-scoot capability

📍 US Announces Support Package for M777A2 Howitzers
✅ US announces US$230 million sustainment package
✅ Supports maintenance and operational readiness of M777A2 howitzers
✅ M777A2 is a 155 mm ultra-light howitzer
✅ Widely deployed in mountainous terrain by Indian Army

🔆 IMPORTANT DAYS

📍 World Refugee Day 2026
✅ Observed on 20 June
✅ Theme: “Until Everyone Is Safe”

📍 World Hydrography Day 2026
✅ Observed on 21 June
✅ Theme: “Transforming How Ocean Data is Shared”

📍 International Day of the Celebration of Solstice
✅ Observed on 21 June

📍 World Music Day 2026
✅ Observed on 21 June
✅ Theme: “Music for Peace”

📍 United Nations Public Service Day 2026
✅ Observed on 23 June
✅ Theme: “Transforming Public Institutions: Advancing Innovation, Participation and Inclusion”

#CurrentAffais

24 june current affairs

🔆 Deuterated Compounds & 24 kA Prototype Sodium Cell

📍 Why in News?
✅ Department of Atomic Energy (DAE) inaugurated a Deuterated Compounds Production Plant and commissioned a 24 kA Prototype Sodium Cell.

📍 About Deuterated Compounds

✅ Definition
• Molecules in which specific hydrogen atoms are replaced by deuterium (²H or D).

✅ About Deuterium
• A stable, non-radioactive isotope of hydrogen.
• Contains 1 proton and 1 neutron in its nucleus.
• Approximately twice as heavy as ordinary hydrogen (protium), which has only one proton.

✅ Applications
• Advanced scientific research.
• Nuclear and strategic technologies.
• Pharmaceuticals and chemical studies.
• Frontier technologies and isotope-based investigations.

📍 24 kA Prototype Sodium Cell

✅ Definition
• An electrochemical device developed for the indigenous production of nuclear-grade sodium.

✅ Significance
• Reduces dependence on imports for critical nuclear materials.
• Enhances India’s self-reliance in nuclear technology.

✅ Importance for India’s Nuclear Programme
• Critical for the Fast Breeder Reactor (FBR) Programme.
• Supports the Second Stage of India’s Three-Stage Nuclear Power Programme.

📍 Three-Stage Nuclear Power Programme

✅ Stage I: Pressurized Heavy Water Reactors (PHWRs) using natural uranium.

✅ Stage II: Fast Breeder Reactors (FBRs) using plutonium and uranium-238 to generate more fuel.

✅ Stage III: Thorium-based reactors utilizing India’s vast thorium reserves.

📍 Key Takeaway
✅ The new Deuterated Compounds Plant and Prototype Sodium Cell strengthen India’s capabilities in nuclear research, strategic technologies, and indigenous nuclear fuel-cycle development, supporting long-term energy security.

#GS3
#prelims
#science_technology
#science_and_technology

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CSE 2026-27 mains value addition

🛑 CLICK HERE 🛑

🔆 Drunix Platform

📍 Why in News?
✅ NPCI launched the Drunix Platform to help organisations build and scale tokenisation platforms, digital asset ecosystems, and multi-organisation networks.

📍 About Drunix
✅ Definition
• An open-source blockchain platform designed to support enterprise-grade digital asset and tokenisation solutions.
✅ Launched By
• National Payments Corporation of India (NPCI).
✅ Aim
• Accelerate blockchain readiness by providing foundational technologies for:
• Experimentation
• Interoperability
• Real-world adoption

📍 Key Features
✅ Built as a high-performance distributed ledger platform.
✅ Developed as an enhanced fork of Hyperledger Fabric.
✅ Enables large-scale blockchain deployment.
✅ Designed for enterprise and public infrastructure adoption.
✅ Supports creation of:
• Tokenisation platforms
• Digital asset ecosystems
• Multi-organisation networks

📍 About Hyperledger Fabric
✅ An open-source enterprise blockchain framework.
✅ Developed under the Linux Foundation.
✅ Provides a secure, scalable, and permissioned blockchain architecture for enterprises.

📍 Significance
✅ Strengthens India’s digital public infrastructure ecosystem.
✅ Promotes indigenous blockchain innovation and adoption.
✅ Enhances interoperability across digital networks.
✅ Contributes to the global open-source technology ecosystem.

#goverment_schemes

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🔆 Prosecution

📍 Definition
✅ Public Prosecutor is an agent of the State representing public interest in the criminal justice system.
✅ Defined under Section 2(u) of CrPC, 1973.

📍 Role of Public Prosecutor
✅ Maintaining the Case File – Responsible for maintaining all case records.
• Section 24, CrPC: Central Government may appoint one or more Public Prosecutors for conducting cases.

✅ Representation in Court – Appears on behalf of the State and victim to ensure justice and punishment of the accused.
• Tikam Singh vs State & Ors: Public Prosecutor’s office prevents private vengeance through legal processes.

✅ Recording Evidence
• Records evidence and conducts cross-examination of witnesses.

📍 Issues & Challenges
✅ Weak Directorate of Prosecution
• Prosecution functions are often overridden by the executive.
• Need for a uniform national authority.
• States like Goa and Kerala have separate Directorates of Prosecution.

✅ Lack of Separation
• No clear boundary between investigation and prosecution in many states.
• When prosecution is headed by senior police officers, independence gets compromised.

✅ Lack of Independence & Responsibility
• Prosecutors often play a limited role in crucial decisions such as initiating prosecution, collecting evidence, and withdrawal of cases.

✅ Low Conviction Rate
• Conviction rates remain low under existing arrangements.
• NCRB 2019: Conviction rate was 41.9% in murder cases and 27.8% in rape cases.

📍 Way Forward
✅ Independent Directorate of Prosecution
• Establish a separate Directorate with strict separation from the executive.
• Law Commission (1958) recommended a dedicated Directorate of Prosecution with its own cadre.

✅ Reduce Eligibility Experience
• Lower required experience from 7 years to 3 years to attract more lawyers.

✅ National Training Institute
• Establish a national institution for professional training of prosecutors.

✅ Improve Remuneration
• Enhance salary and service conditions to attract and retain quality legal professionals.

📍 Conclusion
✅ A professional, independent, and well-trained prosecution system is essential for ensuring fair trials, higher conviction rates, and an efficient criminal justice system.

#mains

24 june editorial summary

#editorial

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🔆 BHARATI Programme

📍 Why in News?
✅ APEDA successfully concluded the first cohort of its flagship export acceleration initiative, the BHARATI Programme.

📍 About BHARATI Programme
✅ BHARATI stands for Bharat’s Hub for Agritech, Resilience, Advancement and Incubation for Export Innovation.
✅ A flagship export enablement and acceleration programme to promote an export-first mindset among Indian agri-food startups.
✅ Nodal Agency: Agricultural and Processed Food Products Export Development Authority (APEDA).

📍 Aim
✅ Build a future-ready export ecosystem to achieve USD 50 billion in APEDA-scheduled product exports by 2030.
✅ Support startups in product development, sustainability, logistics, quality compliance, and export readiness.

📍 Eligibility
✅ Agri-food startups, APEDA-registered exporters, Farmer Producer Companies (FPCs) and SPS solution providers.
✅ Startup criteria:
• Private Ltd., LLP or Registered Partnership
• ≤5 years old
• Annual turnover ≤ ₹10 crore

📍 Key Features
✅ Selected 100 startups from 700+ applications.
✅ Cohort included 68 agri-food startups, 26 export-tech startups, and 6 SPS innovators.
✅ 120-hour acceleration programme covering branding, scaling, export compliance, and investor readiness.
✅ Top 8 startups showcased at Gulfood 2026 (Dubai) for global B2B exposure.
✅ Encouraged entrepreneurship across all age groups (17–75 years).

📍 UPSC Prelims Facts
✅ Implemented by: APEDA.
✅ Focuses on agri-food exports and startup acceleration.
✅ Supports India’s target of USD 50 billion agri-product exports by 2030.

#goverment_schemes

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25 june editorial summary

#editorial

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#pib
25 June pib summary

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🔆 CURRENT AFFAIRS – 25 JUNE 2026

🔆 STATES

📍 Kerala Presents Revised Budget FY 2026–27
✅ Revenue Receipts: ₹1,69,646.37 crore
✅ Revenue Expenditure: ₹2,05,001.67 crore
✅ Fiscal Deficit estimated at 3.46% of GSDP
✅ Focus on Mission Samudra, education, healthcare and infrastructure
✅ Oommen Chandy Health Insurance Scheme provides cover up to ₹25 lakh per family

📍 Hemis Festival 2026 Begins in Ladakh
✅ Celebrated at Hemis Monastery, Leh
✅ Associated with Guru Padmasambhava
✅ Famous for the Cham Mask Dance
✅ Symbolises victory of good over evil

🔆 NATIONAL

📍 VOC Port Emerges as Green Maritime Model
✅ VOC Port achieves 45% reduction in net carbon emissions
✅ Recognized as a Scope-2 Emission Free Port
✅ Released first sustainability report: “Towards a Green Maritime Future”
✅ Continues leadership after launching PortGPT

📍 GRSE Becomes India’s 29th Navratna CPSE
✅ Garden Reach Shipbuilders & Engineers (GRSE) upgraded to Navratna
✅ Functions under the Ministry of Defence
✅ Gains greater financial and operational autonomy
✅ Can invest up to ₹1,000 crore or 15% of net worth without prior approval

📍 Thewa Art Gains Global Recognition
✅ PM Narendra Modi gifted Thewa motif cufflinks to Slovakia President
✅ Traditional craft practiced in Pratapgarh, Rajasthan
✅ Uses 23-carat gold foil fused on coloured glass
✅ Received GI Tag (2013–14)

🔆 INTERNATIONAL

📍 UN Launches Global Methane Action Plan
✅ Announced by UN Secretary-General António Guterres
✅ Focus on reducing methane emissions from energy, agriculture and waste sectors
✅ Methane is nearly 80 times more potent than CO₂ over 20 years
✅ Supports Global Methane Pledge target of 30% reduction by 2030
✅ Highlights rising energy demand from AI data centres

📍 IAEA to Inspect Iran’s Nuclear Sites
✅ IAEA inspectors to visit Iran’s nuclear enrichment facilities
✅ Announced by Director General Rafael Mariano Grossi
✅ Reinforces nuclear safeguards under NPT
✅ IAEA Headquarters: Vienna

🔆 INDIA & THE WORLD

📍 India–China Border Trade to Resume via Lipulekh Pass
✅ Border trade resumes after 6 years
✅ First batch includes 26 traders and helpers
✅ Trade route connects Uttarakhand with Tibet (China)
✅ Important for border commerce and local livelihoods

🔆 AGREEMENTS & MoUs

📍 India & Israel Sign Audit Cooperation MoU
✅ Signed between CAG of India and SAI of Israel
✅ Focus on AI, digital auditing and data analytics
✅ Enhances transparency, governance and public auditing
✅ CAG is established under Article 148 of the Constitution

📍 Safran & SatSure Sign GEOINT Partnership
✅ Collaboration on Geospatial Intelligence (GEOINT) solutions
✅ Part of France–India Year of Innovation
✅ Integrates AI, satellite imagery and intelligence systems
✅ Supports advanced Earth observation capabilities

🔆 RANKS & REPORTS

📍 QS World Future Skills Index 2027
✅ India ranked 13th globally
✅ 1st in South Asia
✅ 1st among Lower-Middle Income Countries
✅ Strong performance in Future of Work (5th) and AI readiness
✅ Top countries: USA, Australia, UK

📍 NITI Aayog Releases Trade Watch Quarterly
✅ India’s total trade reached US$1.84 trillion in FY 2025–26
✅ Total trade grew 5.4% YoY
✅ Services exports increased 9%
✅ India retained position as world’s 8th largest services exporter
✅ Pharmaceutical exports reached US$35.8 billion

📍 China’s LineShine Tops TOP500 Supercomputer List
✅ Installed at National Supercomputing Center, Shenzhen
✅ Performance: 2.198 Exaflops
✅ First Chinese system to top the list since 2017
✅ Surpassed El Capitan (USA)

#CurrentAffairs

🔆 IMPORTANT DAYS

📍 International Day of Women in Diplomacy
✅ Observed on 24 June

📍 International Olympic Day 2026
✅ Observed on 23 June
✅ Theme: “You Can Do This. Let’s Move”

🔆 SUMMITS & CONFERENCES
📍 BRICS Heads of Space Agencies Meet in Bengaluru
✅ Hosted by ISRO and Department of Space
✅ Representatives from all 11 BRICS nations participated
✅ Focus on expanding BRICS Remote Sensing Satellite Constellation (RSSC)
✅ Promotes cooperation in disaster management, agriculture and climate monitoring

🔆 OBITUARY
📍 Nobel Physicist François Englert Passes Away
✅ Belgian physicist passed away at 93
✅ Co-recipient of the 2013 Nobel Prize in Physics
✅ Renowned for theoretical work leading to the Higgs Boson discovery

🔆 COMMITTEES
📍 UN Constitutes International Scientific Panel on AI
✅ First global scientific advisory panel on Artificial Intelligence
✅ Constituted by the UN General Assembly
✅ Comprises 40 international experts
✅ B. Ravindran (IIT Madras) is the sole Indian member
✅ Focus on AI safety, risk assessment and global AI governance

#CurrentAffairs

25 june current affairs

#currentaffairs

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🔆 UPSC Editorial Analysis: Preventive Detention

📍 Introduction
✅ Preventive detention allows the State to detain a person without trial to prevent a possible future offence. A recent Allahabad High Court judgment exposed misuse of these powers after a physically challenged Dalit advocate was unlawfully jailed by Ghaziabad Police.

📍 Constitutional & Legal Framework
✅ Article 21: Personal liberty is the rule; detention is the exception.
✅ Articles 14 & 15: Ensure equality and protection against discrimination.
✅ Under BNSS, 2023, preventive powers are contained in Sections 126 & 170 (earlier Sections 107 & 151 of CrPC).
✅ Preventive detention is preventive, not punitive, and cannot be used as a substitute for punishment.

📍 Allahabad High Court Guidelines
✅ Personal Bond should be the norm; routine demand for financial sureties is impermissible.
✅ Bond amount should generally not exceed ₹20,000 unless justified in writing.
✅ Refusal to execute a bond must be recorded in writing and through audio-video recording.
✅ No person can be detained beyond 24 hours without being produced before a Magistrate.

📍 Administrative Accountability
✅ Compensation of ₹25,000 per day for every day of illegal detention beyond 24 hours.
✅ Compensation to be recovered from the salary of erring officials, not public funds.
✅ Departmental proceedings against responsible Executive Magistrates and Police Officers.

📍 Key Concerns
✅ Misuse of preventive powers for administrative convenience.
✅ Violation of fundamental rights and constitutional safeguards.
✅ Disproportionate impact on marginalised and economically weaker sections.
✅ Declining public trust in law enforcement.

📍 Way Forward
✅ Capacity building of police and Executive Magistrates on preventive detention under BNSS.
✅ Mandatory digital/audio-video documentation of preventive custody.
✅ National Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) for preventive detention.
✅ Ensure constitutional morality, transparency, and accountability in enforcement.

📍 Conclusion
✅ Preventive detention is an exceptional constitutional power, not a routine policing tool. The State must balance public order with the fundamental right to personal liberty, ensuring that security measures never override constitutional freedoms.

📝 UPSC GS-II Mains Practice Question (15 Marks | 250 Words)

“Preventive detention is an extraordinary power that must be exercised with strict constitutional safeguards. Discuss the constitutional provisions governing preventive detention and examine the significance of recent judicial interventions in preventing its misuse.”

#mains