🔆 Drunix Platform
📍 Why in News?
✅ NPCI launched the Drunix Platform to help organisations build and scale tokenisation platforms, digital asset ecosystems, and multi-organisation networks.
📍 About Drunix
✅ Definition
• An open-source blockchain platform designed to support enterprise-grade digital asset and tokenisation solutions.
✅ Launched By
• National Payments Corporation of India (NPCI).
✅ Aim
• Accelerate blockchain readiness by providing foundational technologies for:
• Experimentation
• Interoperability
• Real-world adoption
📍 Key Features
✅ Built as a high-performance distributed ledger platform.
✅ Developed as an enhanced fork of Hyperledger Fabric.
✅ Enables large-scale blockchain deployment.
✅ Designed for enterprise and public infrastructure adoption.
✅ Supports creation of:
• Tokenisation platforms
• Digital asset ecosystems
• Multi-organisation networks
📍 About Hyperledger Fabric
✅ An open-source enterprise blockchain framework.
✅ Developed under the Linux Foundation.
✅ Provides a secure, scalable, and permissioned blockchain architecture for enterprises.
📍 Significance
✅ Strengthens India’s digital public infrastructure ecosystem.
✅ Promotes indigenous blockchain innovation and adoption.
✅ Enhances interoperability across digital networks.
✅ Contributes to the global open-source technology ecosystem.
#goverment_schemes
Join https://t.me/PIB_UPSC
https://t.me/upsc_government_scheme
📍 Why in News?
✅ NPCI launched the Drunix Platform to help organisations build and scale tokenisation platforms, digital asset ecosystems, and multi-organisation networks.
📍 About Drunix
✅ Definition
• An open-source blockchain platform designed to support enterprise-grade digital asset and tokenisation solutions.
✅ Launched By
• National Payments Corporation of India (NPCI).
✅ Aim
• Accelerate blockchain readiness by providing foundational technologies for:
• Experimentation
• Interoperability
• Real-world adoption
📍 Key Features
✅ Built as a high-performance distributed ledger platform.
✅ Developed as an enhanced fork of Hyperledger Fabric.
✅ Enables large-scale blockchain deployment.
✅ Designed for enterprise and public infrastructure adoption.
✅ Supports creation of:
• Tokenisation platforms
• Digital asset ecosystems
• Multi-organisation networks
📍 About Hyperledger Fabric
✅ An open-source enterprise blockchain framework.
✅ Developed under the Linux Foundation.
✅ Provides a secure, scalable, and permissioned blockchain architecture for enterprises.
📍 Significance
✅ Strengthens India’s digital public infrastructure ecosystem.
✅ Promotes indigenous blockchain innovation and adoption.
✅ Enhances interoperability across digital networks.
✅ Contributes to the global open-source technology ecosystem.
#goverment_schemes
Join https://t.me/PIB_UPSC
https://t.me/upsc_government_scheme
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UPSC PIB NEWS current affairs polity geography science economy government schemes ir prelims mains
This channel consists of PIB NEWS. Read Upsc relevant news
1 schemes
2 Government policies
3 Science and technology
4 International relations
5 Economic data eg import export
6 military exercises
Source https://pib.gov.in
📞 @studuent_life_bot
1 schemes
2 Government policies
3 Science and technology
4 International relations
5 Economic data eg import export
6 military exercises
Source https://pib.gov.in
📞 @studuent_life_bot
❤2🔥1
#Goodmorning
⏳58 days left CSM26 [ 21-08-26]
⏳332 days left CSP27 [ 23-05-27]
⏳421 days left CSM27 [ 20-08-27]
⏳164 days left UPPSC prelims 6 December
⏳158 days left Ras prelims 29 November
⏳81 Day left CDS/NDA 2 13 Sept
⏳74 day left Mppsc mains26 7 September
⏳43 days left Afcat 8 august
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⏳02 days left HCS mains 27 june
#Target
#TargetOnlyone
#Accountability
https://t.me/anmolvachan1
⏳58 days left CSM26 [ 21-08-26]
⏳332 days left CSP27 [ 23-05-27]
⏳421 days left CSM27 [ 20-08-27]
⏳164 days left UPPSC prelims 6 December
⏳158 days left Ras prelims 29 November
⏳81 Day left CDS/NDA 2 13 Sept
⏳74 day left Mppsc mains26 7 September
⏳43 days left Afcat 8 august
⏳31 days left 72nd BPSC PRELIMS 26 July
⏳24 days left CAPF AC 19 July
⏳10 days left APSC prelims 5 july
⏳02 days left HCS mains 27 june
#Target
#TargetOnlyone
#Accountability
https://t.me/anmolvachan1
🔆 Prosecution
📍 Definition
✅ Public Prosecutor is an agent of the State representing public interest in the criminal justice system.
✅ Defined under Section 2(u) of CrPC, 1973.
📍 Role of Public Prosecutor
✅ Maintaining the Case File – Responsible for maintaining all case records.
• Section 24, CrPC: Central Government may appoint one or more Public Prosecutors for conducting cases.
✅ Representation in Court – Appears on behalf of the State and victim to ensure justice and punishment of the accused.
• Tikam Singh vs State & Ors: Public Prosecutor’s office prevents private vengeance through legal processes.
✅ Recording Evidence
• Records evidence and conducts cross-examination of witnesses.
📍 Issues & Challenges
✅ Weak Directorate of Prosecution
• Prosecution functions are often overridden by the executive.
• Need for a uniform national authority.
• States like Goa and Kerala have separate Directorates of Prosecution.
✅ Lack of Separation
• No clear boundary between investigation and prosecution in many states.
• When prosecution is headed by senior police officers, independence gets compromised.
✅ Lack of Independence & Responsibility
• Prosecutors often play a limited role in crucial decisions such as initiating prosecution, collecting evidence, and withdrawal of cases.
✅ Low Conviction Rate
• Conviction rates remain low under existing arrangements.
• NCRB 2019: Conviction rate was 41.9% in murder cases and 27.8% in rape cases.
📍 Way Forward
✅ Independent Directorate of Prosecution
• Establish a separate Directorate with strict separation from the executive.
• Law Commission (1958) recommended a dedicated Directorate of Prosecution with its own cadre.
✅ Reduce Eligibility Experience
• Lower required experience from 7 years to 3 years to attract more lawyers.
✅ National Training Institute
• Establish a national institution for professional training of prosecutors.
✅ Improve Remuneration
• Enhance salary and service conditions to attract and retain quality legal professionals.
📍 Conclusion
✅ A professional, independent, and well-trained prosecution system is essential for ensuring fair trials, higher conviction rates, and an efficient criminal justice system.
#mains
📍 Definition
✅ Public Prosecutor is an agent of the State representing public interest in the criminal justice system.
✅ Defined under Section 2(u) of CrPC, 1973.
📍 Role of Public Prosecutor
✅ Maintaining the Case File – Responsible for maintaining all case records.
• Section 24, CrPC: Central Government may appoint one or more Public Prosecutors for conducting cases.
✅ Representation in Court – Appears on behalf of the State and victim to ensure justice and punishment of the accused.
• Tikam Singh vs State & Ors: Public Prosecutor’s office prevents private vengeance through legal processes.
✅ Recording Evidence
• Records evidence and conducts cross-examination of witnesses.
📍 Issues & Challenges
✅ Weak Directorate of Prosecution
• Prosecution functions are often overridden by the executive.
• Need for a uniform national authority.
• States like Goa and Kerala have separate Directorates of Prosecution.
✅ Lack of Separation
• No clear boundary between investigation and prosecution in many states.
• When prosecution is headed by senior police officers, independence gets compromised.
✅ Lack of Independence & Responsibility
• Prosecutors often play a limited role in crucial decisions such as initiating prosecution, collecting evidence, and withdrawal of cases.
✅ Low Conviction Rate
• Conviction rates remain low under existing arrangements.
• NCRB 2019: Conviction rate was 41.9% in murder cases and 27.8% in rape cases.
📍 Way Forward
✅ Independent Directorate of Prosecution
• Establish a separate Directorate with strict separation from the executive.
• Law Commission (1958) recommended a dedicated Directorate of Prosecution with its own cadre.
✅ Reduce Eligibility Experience
• Lower required experience from 7 years to 3 years to attract more lawyers.
✅ National Training Institute
• Establish a national institution for professional training of prosecutors.
✅ Improve Remuneration
• Enhance salary and service conditions to attract and retain quality legal professionals.
📍 Conclusion
✅ A professional, independent, and well-trained prosecution system is essential for ensuring fair trials, higher conviction rates, and an efficient criminal justice system.
#mains
❤12
🔆 BHARATI Programme
📍 Why in News?
✅ APEDA successfully concluded the first cohort of its flagship export acceleration initiative, the BHARATI Programme.
📍 About BHARATI Programme
✅ BHARATI stands for Bharat’s Hub for Agritech, Resilience, Advancement and Incubation for Export Innovation.
✅ A flagship export enablement and acceleration programme to promote an export-first mindset among Indian agri-food startups.
✅ Nodal Agency: Agricultural and Processed Food Products Export Development Authority (APEDA).
📍 Aim
✅ Build a future-ready export ecosystem to achieve USD 50 billion in APEDA-scheduled product exports by 2030.
✅ Support startups in product development, sustainability, logistics, quality compliance, and export readiness.
📍 Eligibility
✅ Agri-food startups, APEDA-registered exporters, Farmer Producer Companies (FPCs) and SPS solution providers.
✅ Startup criteria:
• Private Ltd., LLP or Registered Partnership
• ≤5 years old
• Annual turnover ≤ ₹10 crore
📍 Key Features
✅ Selected 100 startups from 700+ applications.
✅ Cohort included 68 agri-food startups, 26 export-tech startups, and 6 SPS innovators.
✅ 120-hour acceleration programme covering branding, scaling, export compliance, and investor readiness.
✅ Top 8 startups showcased at Gulfood 2026 (Dubai) for global B2B exposure.
✅ Encouraged entrepreneurship across all age groups (17–75 years).
📍 UPSC Prelims Facts
✅ Implemented by: APEDA.
✅ Focuses on agri-food exports and startup acceleration.
✅ Supports India’s target of USD 50 billion agri-product exports by 2030.
#goverment_schemes
Join https://t.me/PIB_UPSC
https://t.me/upsc_government_scheme
📍 Why in News?
✅ APEDA successfully concluded the first cohort of its flagship export acceleration initiative, the BHARATI Programme.
📍 About BHARATI Programme
✅ BHARATI stands for Bharat’s Hub for Agritech, Resilience, Advancement and Incubation for Export Innovation.
✅ A flagship export enablement and acceleration programme to promote an export-first mindset among Indian agri-food startups.
✅ Nodal Agency: Agricultural and Processed Food Products Export Development Authority (APEDA).
📍 Aim
✅ Build a future-ready export ecosystem to achieve USD 50 billion in APEDA-scheduled product exports by 2030.
✅ Support startups in product development, sustainability, logistics, quality compliance, and export readiness.
📍 Eligibility
✅ Agri-food startups, APEDA-registered exporters, Farmer Producer Companies (FPCs) and SPS solution providers.
✅ Startup criteria:
• Private Ltd., LLP or Registered Partnership
• ≤5 years old
• Annual turnover ≤ ₹10 crore
📍 Key Features
✅ Selected 100 startups from 700+ applications.
✅ Cohort included 68 agri-food startups, 26 export-tech startups, and 6 SPS innovators.
✅ 120-hour acceleration programme covering branding, scaling, export compliance, and investor readiness.
✅ Top 8 startups showcased at Gulfood 2026 (Dubai) for global B2B exposure.
✅ Encouraged entrepreneurship across all age groups (17–75 years).
📍 UPSC Prelims Facts
✅ Implemented by: APEDA.
✅ Focuses on agri-food exports and startup acceleration.
✅ Supports India’s target of USD 50 billion agri-product exports by 2030.
#goverment_schemes
Join https://t.me/PIB_UPSC
https://t.me/upsc_government_scheme
❤6👏1
#Goodmorning
⏳56 days left CSM26 [ 21-08-26]
⏳331 days left CSP27 [ 23-05-27]
⏳420 days left CSM27 [ 20-08-27]
⏳163 days left UPPSC prelims 6 December
⏳157 days left Ras prelims 29 November
⏳80 Day left CDS/NDA 2 13 Sept
⏳73 day left Mppsc mains26 7 September
⏳42 days left Afcat 8 august
⏳30 days left 72nd BPSC PRELIMS 26 July
⏳23 days left CAPF AC 19 July
⏳9 days left APSC prelims 5 july
⏳ Tomorrow HCS mains 27 june
#Target
#TargetOnlyone
#Accountability
https://t.me/anmolvachan1
⏳56 days left CSM26 [ 21-08-26]
⏳331 days left CSP27 [ 23-05-27]
⏳420 days left CSM27 [ 20-08-27]
⏳163 days left UPPSC prelims 6 December
⏳157 days left Ras prelims 29 November
⏳80 Day left CDS/NDA 2 13 Sept
⏳73 day left Mppsc mains26 7 September
⏳42 days left Afcat 8 august
⏳30 days left 72nd BPSC PRELIMS 26 July
⏳23 days left CAPF AC 19 July
⏳9 days left APSC prelims 5 july
⏳ Tomorrow HCS mains 27 june
#Target
#TargetOnlyone
#Accountability
https://t.me/anmolvachan1
❤4
🔆 CURRENT AFFAIRS – 25 JUNE 2026
🔆 STATES
📍 Kerala Presents Revised Budget FY 2026–27
✅ Revenue Receipts: ₹1,69,646.37 crore
✅ Revenue Expenditure: ₹2,05,001.67 crore
✅ Fiscal Deficit estimated at 3.46% of GSDP
✅ Focus on Mission Samudra, education, healthcare and infrastructure
✅ Oommen Chandy Health Insurance Scheme provides cover up to ₹25 lakh per family
📍 Hemis Festival 2026 Begins in Ladakh
✅ Celebrated at Hemis Monastery, Leh
✅ Associated with Guru Padmasambhava
✅ Famous for the Cham Mask Dance
✅ Symbolises victory of good over evil
🔆 NATIONAL
📍 VOC Port Emerges as Green Maritime Model
✅ VOC Port achieves 45% reduction in net carbon emissions
✅ Recognized as a Scope-2 Emission Free Port
✅ Released first sustainability report: “Towards a Green Maritime Future”
✅ Continues leadership after launching PortGPT
📍 GRSE Becomes India’s 29th Navratna CPSE
✅ Garden Reach Shipbuilders & Engineers (GRSE) upgraded to Navratna
✅ Functions under the Ministry of Defence
✅ Gains greater financial and operational autonomy
✅ Can invest up to ₹1,000 crore or 15% of net worth without prior approval
📍 Thewa Art Gains Global Recognition
✅ PM Narendra Modi gifted Thewa motif cufflinks to Slovakia President
✅ Traditional craft practiced in Pratapgarh, Rajasthan
✅ Uses 23-carat gold foil fused on coloured glass
✅ Received GI Tag (2013–14)
🔆 INTERNATIONAL
📍 UN Launches Global Methane Action Plan
✅ Announced by UN Secretary-General António Guterres
✅ Focus on reducing methane emissions from energy, agriculture and waste sectors
✅ Methane is nearly 80 times more potent than CO₂ over 20 years
✅ Supports Global Methane Pledge target of 30% reduction by 2030
✅ Highlights rising energy demand from AI data centres
📍 IAEA to Inspect Iran’s Nuclear Sites
✅ IAEA inspectors to visit Iran’s nuclear enrichment facilities
✅ Announced by Director General Rafael Mariano Grossi
✅ Reinforces nuclear safeguards under NPT
✅ IAEA Headquarters: Vienna
🔆 INDIA & THE WORLD
📍 India–China Border Trade to Resume via Lipulekh Pass
✅ Border trade resumes after 6 years
✅ First batch includes 26 traders and helpers
✅ Trade route connects Uttarakhand with Tibet (China)
✅ Important for border commerce and local livelihoods
🔆 AGREEMENTS & MoUs
📍 India & Israel Sign Audit Cooperation MoU
✅ Signed between CAG of India and SAI of Israel
✅ Focus on AI, digital auditing and data analytics
✅ Enhances transparency, governance and public auditing
✅ CAG is established under Article 148 of the Constitution
📍 Safran & SatSure Sign GEOINT Partnership
✅ Collaboration on Geospatial Intelligence (GEOINT) solutions
✅ Part of France–India Year of Innovation
✅ Integrates AI, satellite imagery and intelligence systems
✅ Supports advanced Earth observation capabilities
🔆 RANKS & REPORTS
📍 QS World Future Skills Index 2027
✅ India ranked 13th globally
✅ 1st in South Asia
✅ 1st among Lower-Middle Income Countries
✅ Strong performance in Future of Work (5th) and AI readiness
✅ Top countries: USA, Australia, UK
📍 NITI Aayog Releases Trade Watch Quarterly
✅ India’s total trade reached US$1.84 trillion in FY 2025–26
✅ Total trade grew 5.4% YoY
✅ Services exports increased 9%
✅ India retained position as world’s 8th largest services exporter
✅ Pharmaceutical exports reached US$35.8 billion
📍 China’s LineShine Tops TOP500 Supercomputer List
✅ Installed at National Supercomputing Center, Shenzhen
✅ Performance: 2.198 Exaflops
✅ First Chinese system to top the list since 2017
✅ Surpassed El Capitan (USA)
#CurrentAffairs
🔆 STATES
📍 Kerala Presents Revised Budget FY 2026–27
✅ Revenue Receipts: ₹1,69,646.37 crore
✅ Revenue Expenditure: ₹2,05,001.67 crore
✅ Fiscal Deficit estimated at 3.46% of GSDP
✅ Focus on Mission Samudra, education, healthcare and infrastructure
✅ Oommen Chandy Health Insurance Scheme provides cover up to ₹25 lakh per family
📍 Hemis Festival 2026 Begins in Ladakh
✅ Celebrated at Hemis Monastery, Leh
✅ Associated with Guru Padmasambhava
✅ Famous for the Cham Mask Dance
✅ Symbolises victory of good over evil
🔆 NATIONAL
📍 VOC Port Emerges as Green Maritime Model
✅ VOC Port achieves 45% reduction in net carbon emissions
✅ Recognized as a Scope-2 Emission Free Port
✅ Released first sustainability report: “Towards a Green Maritime Future”
✅ Continues leadership after launching PortGPT
📍 GRSE Becomes India’s 29th Navratna CPSE
✅ Garden Reach Shipbuilders & Engineers (GRSE) upgraded to Navratna
✅ Functions under the Ministry of Defence
✅ Gains greater financial and operational autonomy
✅ Can invest up to ₹1,000 crore or 15% of net worth without prior approval
📍 Thewa Art Gains Global Recognition
✅ PM Narendra Modi gifted Thewa motif cufflinks to Slovakia President
✅ Traditional craft practiced in Pratapgarh, Rajasthan
✅ Uses 23-carat gold foil fused on coloured glass
✅ Received GI Tag (2013–14)
🔆 INTERNATIONAL
📍 UN Launches Global Methane Action Plan
✅ Announced by UN Secretary-General António Guterres
✅ Focus on reducing methane emissions from energy, agriculture and waste sectors
✅ Methane is nearly 80 times more potent than CO₂ over 20 years
✅ Supports Global Methane Pledge target of 30% reduction by 2030
✅ Highlights rising energy demand from AI data centres
📍 IAEA to Inspect Iran’s Nuclear Sites
✅ IAEA inspectors to visit Iran’s nuclear enrichment facilities
✅ Announced by Director General Rafael Mariano Grossi
✅ Reinforces nuclear safeguards under NPT
✅ IAEA Headquarters: Vienna
🔆 INDIA & THE WORLD
📍 India–China Border Trade to Resume via Lipulekh Pass
✅ Border trade resumes after 6 years
✅ First batch includes 26 traders and helpers
✅ Trade route connects Uttarakhand with Tibet (China)
✅ Important for border commerce and local livelihoods
🔆 AGREEMENTS & MoUs
📍 India & Israel Sign Audit Cooperation MoU
✅ Signed between CAG of India and SAI of Israel
✅ Focus on AI, digital auditing and data analytics
✅ Enhances transparency, governance and public auditing
✅ CAG is established under Article 148 of the Constitution
📍 Safran & SatSure Sign GEOINT Partnership
✅ Collaboration on Geospatial Intelligence (GEOINT) solutions
✅ Part of France–India Year of Innovation
✅ Integrates AI, satellite imagery and intelligence systems
✅ Supports advanced Earth observation capabilities
🔆 RANKS & REPORTS
📍 QS World Future Skills Index 2027
✅ India ranked 13th globally
✅ 1st in South Asia
✅ 1st among Lower-Middle Income Countries
✅ Strong performance in Future of Work (5th) and AI readiness
✅ Top countries: USA, Australia, UK
📍 NITI Aayog Releases Trade Watch Quarterly
✅ India’s total trade reached US$1.84 trillion in FY 2025–26
✅ Total trade grew 5.4% YoY
✅ Services exports increased 9%
✅ India retained position as world’s 8th largest services exporter
✅ Pharmaceutical exports reached US$35.8 billion
📍 China’s LineShine Tops TOP500 Supercomputer List
✅ Installed at National Supercomputing Center, Shenzhen
✅ Performance: 2.198 Exaflops
✅ First Chinese system to top the list since 2017
✅ Surpassed El Capitan (USA)
#CurrentAffairs
❤4
🔆 IMPORTANT DAYS
📍 International Day of Women in Diplomacy
✅ Observed on 24 June
📍 International Olympic Day 2026
✅ Observed on 23 June
✅ Theme: “You Can Do This. Let’s Move”
🔆 SUMMITS & CONFERENCES
📍 BRICS Heads of Space Agencies Meet in Bengaluru
✅ Hosted by ISRO and Department of Space
✅ Representatives from all 11 BRICS nations participated
✅ Focus on expanding BRICS Remote Sensing Satellite Constellation (RSSC)
✅ Promotes cooperation in disaster management, agriculture and climate monitoring
🔆 OBITUARY
📍 Nobel Physicist François Englert Passes Away
✅ Belgian physicist passed away at 93
✅ Co-recipient of the 2013 Nobel Prize in Physics
✅ Renowned for theoretical work leading to the Higgs Boson discovery
🔆 COMMITTEES
📍 UN Constitutes International Scientific Panel on AI
✅ First global scientific advisory panel on Artificial Intelligence
✅ Constituted by the UN General Assembly
✅ Comprises 40 international experts
✅ B. Ravindran (IIT Madras) is the sole Indian member
✅ Focus on AI safety, risk assessment and global AI governance
#CurrentAffairs
📍 International Day of Women in Diplomacy
✅ Observed on 24 June
📍 International Olympic Day 2026
✅ Observed on 23 June
✅ Theme: “You Can Do This. Let’s Move”
🔆 SUMMITS & CONFERENCES
📍 BRICS Heads of Space Agencies Meet in Bengaluru
✅ Hosted by ISRO and Department of Space
✅ Representatives from all 11 BRICS nations participated
✅ Focus on expanding BRICS Remote Sensing Satellite Constellation (RSSC)
✅ Promotes cooperation in disaster management, agriculture and climate monitoring
🔆 OBITUARY
📍 Nobel Physicist François Englert Passes Away
✅ Belgian physicist passed away at 93
✅ Co-recipient of the 2013 Nobel Prize in Physics
✅ Renowned for theoretical work leading to the Higgs Boson discovery
🔆 COMMITTEES
📍 UN Constitutes International Scientific Panel on AI
✅ First global scientific advisory panel on Artificial Intelligence
✅ Constituted by the UN General Assembly
✅ Comprises 40 international experts
✅ B. Ravindran (IIT Madras) is the sole Indian member
✅ Focus on AI safety, risk assessment and global AI governance
#CurrentAffairs
❤2
🔆 UPSC Editorial Analysis: Preventive Detention
📍 Introduction
✅ Preventive detention allows the State to detain a person without trial to prevent a possible future offence. A recent Allahabad High Court judgment exposed misuse of these powers after a physically challenged Dalit advocate was unlawfully jailed by Ghaziabad Police.
📍 Constitutional & Legal Framework
✅ Article 21: Personal liberty is the rule; detention is the exception.
✅ Articles 14 & 15: Ensure equality and protection against discrimination.
✅ Under BNSS, 2023, preventive powers are contained in Sections 126 & 170 (earlier Sections 107 & 151 of CrPC).
✅ Preventive detention is preventive, not punitive, and cannot be used as a substitute for punishment.
📍 Allahabad High Court Guidelines
✅ Personal Bond should be the norm; routine demand for financial sureties is impermissible.
✅ Bond amount should generally not exceed ₹20,000 unless justified in writing.
✅ Refusal to execute a bond must be recorded in writing and through audio-video recording.
✅ No person can be detained beyond 24 hours without being produced before a Magistrate.
📍 Administrative Accountability
✅ Compensation of ₹25,000 per day for every day of illegal detention beyond 24 hours.
✅ Compensation to be recovered from the salary of erring officials, not public funds.
✅ Departmental proceedings against responsible Executive Magistrates and Police Officers.
📍 Key Concerns
✅ Misuse of preventive powers for administrative convenience.
✅ Violation of fundamental rights and constitutional safeguards.
✅ Disproportionate impact on marginalised and economically weaker sections.
✅ Declining public trust in law enforcement.
📍 Way Forward
✅ Capacity building of police and Executive Magistrates on preventive detention under BNSS.
✅ Mandatory digital/audio-video documentation of preventive custody.
✅ National Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) for preventive detention.
✅ Ensure constitutional morality, transparency, and accountability in enforcement.
📍 Conclusion
✅ Preventive detention is an exceptional constitutional power, not a routine policing tool. The State must balance public order with the fundamental right to personal liberty, ensuring that security measures never override constitutional freedoms.
📝 UPSC GS-II Mains Practice Question (15 Marks | 250 Words)
“Preventive detention is an extraordinary power that must be exercised with strict constitutional safeguards. Discuss the constitutional provisions governing preventive detention and examine the significance of recent judicial interventions in preventing its misuse.”
#mains
📍 Introduction
✅ Preventive detention allows the State to detain a person without trial to prevent a possible future offence. A recent Allahabad High Court judgment exposed misuse of these powers after a physically challenged Dalit advocate was unlawfully jailed by Ghaziabad Police.
📍 Constitutional & Legal Framework
✅ Article 21: Personal liberty is the rule; detention is the exception.
✅ Articles 14 & 15: Ensure equality and protection against discrimination.
✅ Under BNSS, 2023, preventive powers are contained in Sections 126 & 170 (earlier Sections 107 & 151 of CrPC).
✅ Preventive detention is preventive, not punitive, and cannot be used as a substitute for punishment.
📍 Allahabad High Court Guidelines
✅ Personal Bond should be the norm; routine demand for financial sureties is impermissible.
✅ Bond amount should generally not exceed ₹20,000 unless justified in writing.
✅ Refusal to execute a bond must be recorded in writing and through audio-video recording.
✅ No person can be detained beyond 24 hours without being produced before a Magistrate.
📍 Administrative Accountability
✅ Compensation of ₹25,000 per day for every day of illegal detention beyond 24 hours.
✅ Compensation to be recovered from the salary of erring officials, not public funds.
✅ Departmental proceedings against responsible Executive Magistrates and Police Officers.
📍 Key Concerns
✅ Misuse of preventive powers for administrative convenience.
✅ Violation of fundamental rights and constitutional safeguards.
✅ Disproportionate impact on marginalised and economically weaker sections.
✅ Declining public trust in law enforcement.
📍 Way Forward
✅ Capacity building of police and Executive Magistrates on preventive detention under BNSS.
✅ Mandatory digital/audio-video documentation of preventive custody.
✅ National Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) for preventive detention.
✅ Ensure constitutional morality, transparency, and accountability in enforcement.
📍 Conclusion
✅ Preventive detention is an exceptional constitutional power, not a routine policing tool. The State must balance public order with the fundamental right to personal liberty, ensuring that security measures never override constitutional freedoms.
📝 UPSC GS-II Mains Practice Question (15 Marks | 250 Words)
“Preventive detention is an extraordinary power that must be exercised with strict constitutional safeguards. Discuss the constitutional provisions governing preventive detention and examine the significance of recent judicial interventions in preventing its misuse.”
#mains
❤4
🔆 CURRENT AFFAIRS – 26 JUNE 2026
🔆 ECONOMY
📍 India to Launch Index of Services Production (ISP)
✅ MoSPI to launch ISP in July 2026
✅ Monthly indicator to measure services sector output
✅ Base Year: 2024–25
✅ Uses Fixed-Weight Laspeyres Volume Index
✅ First trial indices to be released on 14 July 2026
🔆 NATIONAL
📍 AIR SUVIDHA 2.0 Portal Launched
✅ Launched by Ministry of Civil Aviation and DIAL
✅ Upgraded digital health declaration portal for international travellers
✅ Introduced following Ebola/Bundibugyo Virus Disease outbreak
✅ Online declaration includes 21-day travel history and exposure details
✅ Enables faster airport health screening
📍 Centre Expands QR Code-Based Drug Traceability
✅ Schedule H2 expanded under Drugs Rules, 1945
✅ QR Codes mandatory for vaccines, anti-cancer, antimicrobial, narcotic and psychotropic drugs
✅ Improves authentication and traceability
✅ Implementation begins from 1 July 2027 (vaccines & anti-cancer drugs)
✅ Antimicrobials covered from 1 July 2028
📍 I4C Warns Against ‘Boss Scam’
✅ Cyber fraud involving impersonation of CEO/CFO
✅ Victims tricked into fund transfers and sharing confidential data
✅ Fraud often starts with fake regulator messages containing malware
✅ Advisory issued by Indian Cyber Crime Coordination Centre (I4C)
🔆 AWARDS & RECOGNITIONS
📍 Indian Conservationists Win Green Oscars 2026
✅ Parveen Shaikh and Dr. Barkha Subba receive Whitley Awards
✅ Popularly known as the Green Oscars
✅ Award carries £50,000
✅ Recognises wildlife conservation and community participation
✅ Presented by Whitley Fund for Nature
🔆 BOOKS & AUTHORS
📍 VP Releases Book on Bhawaiya Folk Music
✅ C. P. Radhakrishnan released “Sanskritir Ratna Bhandar: Bhaowaiyar Itibritto”
✅ Authored by Jayanta Kumar Roy and Sangita Roy
✅ Chronicles history of Bhawaiya folk music
📍 Air Chief Releases Shubhanshu Shukla’s Memoir
✅ Book titled “The Second Orbit: Belief of a Man… Dreams of 1.4 Billion Hearts”
✅ Released by Air Chief Marshal Amar Preet Singh
✅ Highlights Axiom Mission-4 journey to the ISS
🔆 SPORTS
📍 FIFA Suspends All Nepal Football Association
✅ Suspension over third-party interference in governance
✅ Nepal barred from FIFA and AFC competitions
✅ Effective from 24 June 2026
✅ FIFA Headquarters: Zürich, Switzerland
🔆 RANKS & REPORTS
📍 Hurun India 500 Report 2026 Released
✅ Ranks India’s 500 most valuable companies
✅ Top 10 companies valued at ₹86 trillion
✅ Account for 27% of total valuation
✅ Released with Axis Bank and Burgundy Private
✅ Top 10 value increased 3.5 times over the last decade
🔆 IMPORTANT DAYS
📍 Statistics Day 2026
✅ Observed on 29 June
✅ Marks birth anniversary of P. C. Mahalanobis
✅ Theme: “Unlocking the Potential of Administrative Data”
✅ Organised by MoSPI
📍 World Vitiligo Day 2026
✅ Observed on 25 June
✅ Theme: “From Stigma to Strength”
🔆 DEFENCE
📍 DRDO Achieves Final Operational Clearance for Netra AEW&C
✅ Indigenous Netra AEW&C System receives FOC
✅ Certificate handed over to Indian Air Force
✅ Enhances airborne surveillance, early warning and network-centric warfare
✅ Developed by DRDO
✅ Major milestone in defence self-reliance
#CurrentAffairs
🔆 ECONOMY
📍 India to Launch Index of Services Production (ISP)
✅ MoSPI to launch ISP in July 2026
✅ Monthly indicator to measure services sector output
✅ Base Year: 2024–25
✅ Uses Fixed-Weight Laspeyres Volume Index
✅ First trial indices to be released on 14 July 2026
🔆 NATIONAL
📍 AIR SUVIDHA 2.0 Portal Launched
✅ Launched by Ministry of Civil Aviation and DIAL
✅ Upgraded digital health declaration portal for international travellers
✅ Introduced following Ebola/Bundibugyo Virus Disease outbreak
✅ Online declaration includes 21-day travel history and exposure details
✅ Enables faster airport health screening
📍 Centre Expands QR Code-Based Drug Traceability
✅ Schedule H2 expanded under Drugs Rules, 1945
✅ QR Codes mandatory for vaccines, anti-cancer, antimicrobial, narcotic and psychotropic drugs
✅ Improves authentication and traceability
✅ Implementation begins from 1 July 2027 (vaccines & anti-cancer drugs)
✅ Antimicrobials covered from 1 July 2028
📍 I4C Warns Against ‘Boss Scam’
✅ Cyber fraud involving impersonation of CEO/CFO
✅ Victims tricked into fund transfers and sharing confidential data
✅ Fraud often starts with fake regulator messages containing malware
✅ Advisory issued by Indian Cyber Crime Coordination Centre (I4C)
🔆 AWARDS & RECOGNITIONS
📍 Indian Conservationists Win Green Oscars 2026
✅ Parveen Shaikh and Dr. Barkha Subba receive Whitley Awards
✅ Popularly known as the Green Oscars
✅ Award carries £50,000
✅ Recognises wildlife conservation and community participation
✅ Presented by Whitley Fund for Nature
🔆 BOOKS & AUTHORS
📍 VP Releases Book on Bhawaiya Folk Music
✅ C. P. Radhakrishnan released “Sanskritir Ratna Bhandar: Bhaowaiyar Itibritto”
✅ Authored by Jayanta Kumar Roy and Sangita Roy
✅ Chronicles history of Bhawaiya folk music
📍 Air Chief Releases Shubhanshu Shukla’s Memoir
✅ Book titled “The Second Orbit: Belief of a Man… Dreams of 1.4 Billion Hearts”
✅ Released by Air Chief Marshal Amar Preet Singh
✅ Highlights Axiom Mission-4 journey to the ISS
🔆 SPORTS
📍 FIFA Suspends All Nepal Football Association
✅ Suspension over third-party interference in governance
✅ Nepal barred from FIFA and AFC competitions
✅ Effective from 24 June 2026
✅ FIFA Headquarters: Zürich, Switzerland
🔆 RANKS & REPORTS
📍 Hurun India 500 Report 2026 Released
✅ Ranks India’s 500 most valuable companies
✅ Top 10 companies valued at ₹86 trillion
✅ Account for 27% of total valuation
✅ Released with Axis Bank and Burgundy Private
✅ Top 10 value increased 3.5 times over the last decade
🔆 IMPORTANT DAYS
📍 Statistics Day 2026
✅ Observed on 29 June
✅ Marks birth anniversary of P. C. Mahalanobis
✅ Theme: “Unlocking the Potential of Administrative Data”
✅ Organised by MoSPI
📍 World Vitiligo Day 2026
✅ Observed on 25 June
✅ Theme: “From Stigma to Strength”
🔆 DEFENCE
📍 DRDO Achieves Final Operational Clearance for Netra AEW&C
✅ Indigenous Netra AEW&C System receives FOC
✅ Certificate handed over to Indian Air Force
✅ Enhances airborne surveillance, early warning and network-centric warfare
✅ Developed by DRDO
✅ Major milestone in defence self-reliance
#CurrentAffairs
❤6
#Goodmorning
⏳55 days left CSM26 [ 21-08-26]
⏳330 days left CSP27 [ 23-05-27]
⏳419 days left CSM27 [ 20-08-27]
⏳162 days left UPPSC prelims 6 December
⏳156 days left Ras prelims 29 November
⏳79 Day left CDS/NDA 2 13 Sept
⏳72 day left Mppsc mains26 7 September
⏳41 days left Afcat 8 august
⏳29 days left 72nd BPSC PRELIMS 26 July
⏳22 days left CAPF AC 19 July
⏳8 days left APSC prelims 5 july
⏳ All the best HCS mains 27 june
#Target
#TargetOnlyone
#Accountability
https://t.me/anmolvachan1
⏳55 days left CSM26 [ 21-08-26]
⏳330 days left CSP27 [ 23-05-27]
⏳419 days left CSM27 [ 20-08-27]
⏳162 days left UPPSC prelims 6 December
⏳156 days left Ras prelims 29 November
⏳79 Day left CDS/NDA 2 13 Sept
⏳72 day left Mppsc mains26 7 September
⏳41 days left Afcat 8 august
⏳29 days left 72nd BPSC PRELIMS 26 July
⏳22 days left CAPF AC 19 July
⏳8 days left APSC prelims 5 july
⏳ All the best HCS mains 27 june
#Target
#TargetOnlyone
#Accountability
https://t.me/anmolvachan1
❤3👍3