30th june current affairs

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🔆 PM-RAHAT (Prime Minister–Road Accident Victims’ Hospitalisation and Assured Treatment) Scheme

Source: PIB
Subject: Governance

📍 Context
✅ Kerala will soon implement the PM-RAHAT Scheme to provide cashless emergency treatment to road accident victims.

📍 About PM-RAHAT
✅ Provides immediate cashless treatment to road accident victims across India.
✅ Focuses on the Golden Hour—the first hour after trauma, when timely treatment can save lives.
✅ Implemented by the Ministry of Road Transport & Highways (MoRTH) and the National Health Authority (NHA).

📍 Key Features
✅ Beneficiaries: Any road accident victim on any category of road in India.
✅ Financial Cover: Cashless treatment up to ₹1.5 lakh per victim.
✅ Coverage Period: Up to 7 days from the date of the accident.
✅ Stabilisation Period:

24 hours for non-life-threatening injuries.
48 hours for life-threatening injuries.

📍 Implementation Mechanism
✅ eDAR (Electronic Detailed Accident Report): Managed by MoRTH.
✅ TMS 2.0 (Transaction Management System): Managed by NHA.
✅ Integrated with ERSS-112 for ambulance services and identification of the nearest designated hospital.
✅ Victims, Good Samaritans (Rah-Veer) or bystanders can call 112 for emergency assistance.

📍 Funding & Monitoring
✅ Hospitals are reimbursed through the Motor Vehicle Accident Fund (MVAF).
✅ Insured vehicle: Funded through contributions from General Insurance Companies.
✅ Hit-and-run/Uninsured cases: Funded by the Government of India.
✅ Hospitals receive reimbursement within 10 days after claim approval by the State Health Agency (SHA).
✅ Treatment requires police authentication through an integrated digital platform.

📍 Grievance Redressal
✅ Handled by the District Road Safety Committee.
✅ Chaired by the District Collector/District Magistrate/Deputy Commissioner.

📍 UPSC PRELIMS FACTS
✅ Golden Hour is the first hour after trauma with the highest chance of saving life.
✅ Financial Assistance: ₹1.5 lakh
✅ Coverage Duration: 7 days
✅ Emergency Helpline: 112
✅ Funding: Motor Vehicle Accident Fund (MVAF)
✅ Implemented by: MoRTH & National Health Authority (NHA)

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🔆 CURRENT AFFAIRS – 1 JULY 2026

🔆 STATES

📍 India’s First Offshore Airport Approved in Maharashtra
✅ Proposed off Palghar coast
✅ Receives in-principle approval from CM Devendra Fadnavis
✅ Will be India’s first offshore airport
✅ Connected to Uttan–Virar Sea Link

🔆 National

📍 Finance Ministry Clears ₹1.25 Lakh Crore for India Semiconductor Mission 2.0
✅ Cleared by Expenditure Finance Committee (EFC)
✅ Focus on domestic semiconductor manufacturing
✅ 12 manufacturing projects approved
✅ Total investments around ₹1.64 lakh crore

📍 Nasha Mukt Bharat Saptah 2026 Concludes
✅ Organised by Ministry of Social Justice & Empowerment
✅ Theme: “Nasha Mukt Bharat Abhiyaan – Viksit Bharat Ki Pehchaan”
✅ Held from 17–26 June 2026

📍 AI-enabled Rural Internal Audit Portal Launched
✅ Launched by Shivraj Singh Chouhan
✅ Developed with NIC
✅ Enhances audit transparency and financial oversight in rural development programmes

📍 Government Establishes Bureau of Port Security (BoPS)
✅ Apex maritime security regulator under MoPSW
✅ Modelled on Bureau of Civil Aviation Security (BCAS)
✅ Strengthens port security, cybersecurity and compliance
✅ Shyam Jagannathan appointed first Director General

📍 India Wins Five Medals at Global Skills Challenge Australia 2026
✅ Medal tally: 3 Gold, 1 Silver, 1 Bronze
✅ Competition held among 16 WorldSkills member nations
✅ Highlights India’s growing skill excellence

📍 FCRA 2.0 Portal and e-OCI Card Launched
✅ Launched by Union Home Minister Amit Shah
✅ FCRA 2.0 enables end-to-end digital compliance
✅ e-OCI allows fully digital OCI application and downloads
✅ Benefits over 50 lakh OCI cardholders

🔆 INTERNATIONAL

📍 Ireland Assumes Presidency of the Council of the European Union
✅ Effective from 1 July 2026
✅ Takes over rotating Presidency of the Council of the European Union

🔆 APPOINTMENTS

📍 General Dhiraj Seth Takes Over as 31st Chief of Army Staff
✅ Assumes charge as the 31st Chief of Army Staff

🔆 BOOKS & AUTHORS

📍 Coffee Table Book on PM Modi-Era Stamps, Coins and Currency Released
✅ Released by Mintage World
✅ Title: “Stamps, Coins, and Banknotes Issued During the Premiership of Shri Narendra Modi”

🔆 SPORTS

📍 India Gets 96th and 97th Chess Grandmasters
✅ Ethan Vaz (Goa) becomes India’s 96th Grandmaster
✅ Harshavardhan G.B. (Tamil Nadu) becomes India’s 97th Grandmaster

🔆 IMPORTANT DAYS

📍 World MSME Day 2026
✅ Observed on 27 June
✅ Theme: “Empowering MSMEs through Innovation and Sustainable Industrial Development”

📍 World Allergy Week 2026
✅ Observed from 21–27 June
✅ Theme: “Allergy Care Is Essential Care”

📍 International Asteroid Day 2026
✅ Observed on 30 June
✅ Theme: “Planetary Defence and Asteroid Impact Hazards”

🔆 SUMMITS & CONFERENCES

📍 29th National e-Governance Conference
✅ To be held in Jaipur
✅ Theme: “Viksit Bharat 2047: AI-Enabled, Data-Driven and Secure Digital Governance”
✅ Organised by DARPG, MeitY and Government of Rajasthan

🔆 DEFENCE

📍 Project BRAHMANK Marks 16th Raising Day
✅ Project of the Border Roads Organisation (BRO)
✅ Develops strategic roads and bridges in Arunachal Pradesh
✅ Raised on 29 June 2011

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1st July current affairs

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1st attempt- 6%
2nd attempt-13%
3rd attempt- 22%
4th attempt-23%
5th attempt-18%
6th attempt-9%
More than 6-9%

Major Optionals-

1. Anthro-18%
2. Psir-17%
3. Socio-21%
4. History-6.5%
5. Geography-5.7%
6. Pub Ad- 2.6%
7. Maths- 6.6%

Socio number was a surprise, so was 60% people writing mains are in their 4th or more attempts.

The average time spent in upsc preparation by students who will crack it eventually is 5 years. Good old five year plan joke is the norm of the day now.

Credit Vikas dhayal

🔆 PRELIMS | Nadaprabhu Sri Kempegowda

Source: PIB

📍 Context
✅ Vice-President of India paid tribute to Nadaprabhu Sri Kempegowda on his 517th Birth Anniversary.

📍 Who was Kempegowda?
✅ 16th-century chieftain under the Vijayanagara Empire.
✅ Founder of Bengaluru in 1537 CE.
✅ Born: 1510 | Died: 1569.
✅ Obtained permission from Emperor Achyuta Devaraya to build the Bengaluru Fort.
✅ Shifted his capital from Yelahanka to Bengaluru Pete (historic core of Bengaluru).

📍 Key Contributions
✅ Founded Bengaluru and built a mud fort with four watchtowers marking the city’s boundaries.
✅ Developed lakes, tanks, temples, and promoted irrigation & water management.
✅ Introduced administrative and revenue reforms under Vijayanagara rule.
✅ Abolished the Bandi Devaru custom among the Morasu Vokkaliga community, which required unmarried women to amputate the last two fingers of their left hand.
✅ Promoted Kannada language, literature, arts, and local traditions.
✅ Encouraged inclusive urban and agrarian development.

📍 Recognition
✅ Statue of Prosperity — 108-foot bronze statue located at Kempegowda International Airport, Bengaluru.
✅ Kempegowda International Airport is named in his honour.
✅ Kempegowda Award instituted to commemorate his legacy.

📍 UPSC PRELIMS FACTS
✅ Founder of Bengaluru (1537 CE)
✅ Associated with the Vijayanagara Empire
✅ Received patronage from Achyuta Devaraya
✅ Capital shifted from Yelahanka to Bengaluru Pete
✅ Known for urban planning, water management, and social reforms
✅ Statue of Prosperity is the 108-foot bronze statue at Kempegowda International Airport

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Ras prelims 6 December

Mains 1 may 2027

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🔆 Neo-colonialism

Source: NIE
Subject: World History

📍 Why in Focus?
✅ Recent reports of US military action and political transition rhetoric in Venezuela have revived the debate on neo-colonialism—control exercised without formal territorial occupation.

📍 What is Neo-colonialism?
✅ Indirect domination of sovereign states through economic influence, debt, trade dependence, corporate control, political intervention, sanctions, and security partnerships.
✅ Unlike classical colonialism, it does not involve direct territorial rule, but significantly shapes a country’s policy choices.

📍 Origin of Neo-colonialism
✅ Emerged after decolonisation as major powers retained influence through finance, trade, and strategic alliances.
✅ Cold War politics encouraged support for friendly governments, coups, and security establishments.
✅ Global financial institutions and commodity-based trade deepened dependence among developing nations.

📍 Neo-colonialism in South America
✅ Commodity Dependence: Economies reliant on oil, copper, and minerals became vulnerable to global price fluctuations.
✅ Foreign Corporate Dominance: Mining and energy sectors remained controlled by multinational corporations.
✅ Political Interventions: External support for regime changes during the Cold War shaped domestic politics.
✅ Debt & IMF Conditionality: Debt crises led to austerity, reducing policy autonomy and social spending.
✅ Security Cooperation: Regional operations like Operation Condor reinforced authoritarian regimes.

📍 Major Challenges
✅ Erodes economic and policy sovereignty.
✅ Reinforces income inequality and elite capture.
✅ Encourages authoritarian governance and democratic backsliding.
✅ Deepens the resource curse in commodity-dependent economies.
✅ Creates long-term political instability and social unrest.

📍 Modern Forms of Neo-colonialism
✅ Economic Sanctions and financial restrictions.
✅ Dependence on foreign technology, semiconductors, and digital platforms.
✅ Debt conditionalities imposed by international financial institutions.
✅ Corporate arbitration through investment treaties.
✅ Influence over public opinion via media and information ecosystems.

📍 Global Implications
✅ Weakens the principles of state sovereignty and the UN Charter.
✅ Intensifies geopolitical rivalry and sphere-of-influence politics.
✅ Restricts long-term developmental planning in vulnerable economies.
✅ Encourages strategic dependence rather than self-reliant growth.

📍 Way Forward
✅ Diversify economies beyond commodity exports.
✅ Strengthen regional cooperation and South-South partnerships.
✅ Build resilient domestic industries and technology capabilities.
✅ Promote transparent global financial governance.
✅ Uphold international law and non-intervention principles.

📍 UPSC Value Addition
✅ Difference between Colonialism & Neo-colonialism
✅ Colonialism: Direct political control and territorial occupation.
✅ Neo-colonialism: Indirect control through economic, financial, technological, and strategic leverage while maintaining formal political independence.

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June current affairs
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Upsc 2025 Toppers notes & answer copy

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2nd July editorial summary

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