🔆 CURRENT AFFAIRS – 2 JULY 2026

🔆 STATES

📍 Delhi Launches Monument Adoption Scheme
✅ Covers 75 protected monuments
✅ “Monument Mitras” can adopt monuments for 5 years
✅ Financial assistance up to ₹2 crore
✅ Promotes heritage conservation through public participation

🔆 NATIONAL

📍 Government Announces Two Major Film Sector Initiatives
✅ High-Level Study Group chaired by Prasoon Joshi
✅ To assess opportunities and challenges for Indian cinema
✅ Model State Cinema Regulations to promote theatres in smaller towns

📍 Centre Identifies 25 Tiger Reserves for Recovery
✅ MoEFCC identifies 25 Tiger Reserves for science-based restoration
✅ India’s tiger population growing at 6% annually
✅ 25 out of 58 Tiger Reserves require priority intervention
✅ Implemented through Project Tiger and NTCA

📍 Academic Bank of Credits (ABC) & APAAR Explained
✅ ABC enables storage and transfer of academic credits
✅ Launched under NEP 2020
✅ APAAR provides a 12-digit permanent student ID
✅ Integrated with ABC and DigiLocker

🔆 AGREEMENTS & MoUs

📍 Corporate Mitra Scheme Launched for MSMEs
✅ Ministry of Corporate Affairs signs MoU with IIT Madras and partner institutions
✅ Creates trained Corporate Mitras for MSME support
✅ Includes 150-hour online training and 6-month practical training
✅ Uses SWAYAM Plus platform

🔆 APPOINTMENTS & RESIGNATIONS

📍 RBI Appoints Ravi Shankar as Executive Director
✅ Appointment effective from 1 July 2026
✅ To head Department of Statistics and Information Management (DSIM)

📍 Ravi Agrawal Reappointed CBDT Chairman
✅ Reappointed for another 6 months

📍 Somnath Ghosh Appointed High Commissioner to Malaysia
✅ Appointed as India’s next High Commissioner to Malaysia

🔆 RANKS & REPORTS

📍 FAO & WMO Release Report on Extreme Heat and Agriculture
✅ Highlights growing threat of heatwaves to food security
✅ Around 1.23 billion people depend on affected agrifood systems
✅ Heat combined with drought can triple crop losses
✅ Warns of impacts on crops, livestock and rural livelihoods

🔆 SPORTS

📍 US Open Badminton 2026
✅ Kidambi Srikanth finishes Runner-up in Men’s Singles
✅ Champion: Su Li-yang (Chinese Taipei)
✅ Tournament held at Fullerton
✅ Category: BWF Super 300

📍 George Russell Wins Austrian Grand Prix 2026
✅ Mercedes driver wins the Austrian Grand Prix

🔆 SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

📍 India Conducts First Satellite-Based Landing Trial
✅ DGCA successfully conducts first SLS approach on Airbus A320
✅ Demonstration carried out using IndiGo aircraft
✅ Used GAGAN satellite navigation system
✅ Conducted at Maharana Pratap Airport

🔆 DEFENCE

📍 Indian Navy Participates in RIMPAC 2026
✅ Participates in 30th Rim of the Pacific (RIMPAC) exercise
✅ Hosted by the United States Navy
✅ Venue: Pearl Harbor–Hickam, Hawaii
✅ Theme: “Partners: Integrated and Prepared”

🔆 IMPORTANT DAYS

📍 National Doctors’ Day 2026
✅ Observed on 1 July
✅ Theme: “Behind the Mask: Who Heals the Healers?”
✅ Marks birth and death anniversary of Dr. B. C. Roy

📍 National Chartered Accountants Day 2026
✅ Observed on 1 July

📍 International Day of Parliamentarism 2026
✅ Observed on 30 June
✅ Theme: “The Future of Human Rights is Written in Parliaments.”

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🔆 16th India–Japan Annual Summit

Subject: Bilateral Relations

📍 Why in Focus?
✅ Japanese PM Sanae Takaichi paid her first official State Visit to India for the 16th India–Japan Annual Summit.

📍 About the Summit
✅ Strengthened the India–Japan Special Strategic and Global Partnership.
✅ Aligned Japan’s Free and Open Indo-Pacific (FOIP) with India’s Indo-Pacific Oceans’ Initiative (IPOI) and MAHASAGAR doctrine.
✅ Focused on maritime security, resilient supply chains, technology, clean energy, and strategic cooperation.

📍 Key Outcomes

✅ Defence & Maritime Security
✅ Agreed on remaining technical aspects of the UNICORN naval antenna project—the first India-Japan defence technology co-development initiative.
✅ 4th India–Japan 2+2 Foreign & Defence Ministers’ Dialogue to be held in Tokyo.
✅ Expanded naval cooperation through JAIMEX exercises and MRO (Maintenance, Repair & Overhaul) under Make in India.

✅ Economic Security & Supply Chains
✅ Established a Joint Economic Security Framework covering:
✅ Semiconductors
✅ Critical Minerals
✅ Clean Energy
✅ ICT
✅ Pharmaceuticals
✅ Promoted secure technology trade and local currency transactions.

✅ Energy Cooperation
✅ Launched India–Japan Cooperative Biogas for Growth (CBG) Initiative.
✅ Reaffirmed cooperation on the Odisha Green Hydrogen & Green Ammonia Project.
✅ Signed an Energy Resilience Statement on Strategic Petroleum Reserves.
✅ Japan reiterated support for India’s IEA membership.

✅ Technology & Infrastructure
✅ Established an AI Strategic Dialogue.
✅ Reaffirmed support for the Mumbai–Ahmedabad High-Speed Rail Project.
✅ Continued JICA-supported projects in metro rail, healthcare, education, and horticulture.

📍 Strategic Significance
✅ Strengthens India’s Indo-Pacific strategy.
✅ Enhances resilient supply chains beyond single-country dependence.
✅ Deepens cooperation in emerging technologies and clean energy.
✅ Supports development of India’s North Eastern Region.
✅ Expands opportunities for MSMEs through the India–Japan SME Forum.

📍 Key Challenges
✅ Supply chain vulnerabilities for critical minerals.
✅ Maritime disruptions in the Strait of Hormuz and Indo-Pacific.
✅ Regional militarisation in the South China Sea and East China Sea.
✅ Cybersecurity and cross-border security threats.
✅ Bridging technical and labour gaps in high-end infrastructure projects.

📍 Way Forward
✅ Fast-track the UNICORN defence project.
✅ Expand Strategic Petroleum Reserves with Japanese support.
✅ Complete the Mumbai–Ahmedabad Bullet Train by 2027.
✅ Promote local currency payments and digital payment connectivity.
✅ Strengthen trilateral maritime cooperation in the Indo-Pacific.

📍 UPSC Value Addition
✅ India–Japan Strategic Pillars
✅ Defence & Maritime Security.
✅ Supply Chain Resilience.
✅ Clean Energy & Green Hydrogen.
✅ High-Speed Rail & Infrastructure.
✅ AI, Semiconductors & Emerging Technologies.
✅ Indo-Pacific cooperation based on a Free, Open and Rules-Based Maritime Order.

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🔆 CURRENT AFFAIRS – 3 JULY 2026

🔆 ECONOMY

📍 Employees’ Provident Fund Scheme, 2026 Notified
✅ Effective from 29 June 2026
✅ Replaces EPF Scheme, 1952
✅ Implemented under Code on Social Security, 2020
✅ Employee and employer contribution remains 12%
✅ Greater emphasis on e-filings, online claims, e-passbooks and UAN linkage

🔆 STATES

📍 Himachal Pradesh Gets 8 New GI Tags
✅ Total GI-tagged products increase from 9 to 17
✅ New GI products include Kinnauri Apple, Kinnauri Topi, Chamba Metal Art, Seabuckthorn and Salooni Safed Makka
✅ Strengthens protection of traditional products and local artisans

🔆 NATIONAL

📍 MECON Granted Miniratna Category-I Status
✅ Granted by Ministry of Steel
✅ Achieved after consistent profits and ₹535.42 crore net worth
✅ Receives greater financial and operational autonomy

📍 Second National Skill Olympiad on Seafood Value Addition Concludes
✅ Organised by MPEDA
✅ Held during Seafood Expo Bharat 2026 at Kochi
✅ Promotes skill development in seafood processing sector

📍 India Expands Green Hydrogen Export Partnerships
✅ ACME Group signs Green Ammonia agreement with IHI Corporation (Japan)
✅ Signs Green Methanol supply agreement with Mitsubishi Gas Chemical
✅ Supports National Green Hydrogen Mission
✅ Green Ammonia capacity: 405 kTPA
✅ Green Methanol supply: 100 kTPA for 10 years

📍 MANAS Strengthens Anti-Drug Reporting
✅ MANAS (Madak Padarth Nishedh Asoochna Kendra) operates under NCB
✅ Enables confidential reporting through 1933, UMANG App and Portal
✅ Connected to 30 NCB Zonal Units and 36 State/UT ANTFs
✅ Supports counselling and rehabilitation services

📍 3rd Global Conclave on Plastic Recycling Begins
✅ Held at Bharat Mandapam, New Delhi
✅ Focus on plastic recycling, circular economy and sustainability
✅ Aligns with UN Global Plastics Treaty
✅ Indian recycled plastics market projected to reach US$3.81 billion by 2032

📍 Akashvani Inaugurates ‘Swar Prerna Veethika’
✅ Launched during 90th anniversary celebrations
✅ India to celebrate 100 years of radio broadcasting in 2027
✅ Parent organisation: Prasar Bharati

🔆 AGREEMENTS & MoUs

📍 India–Japan Strengthen Strategic Partnership
✅ 16th India–Japan Annual Summit held in New Delhi
✅ Adopted Joint Declaration on Economic Security Cooperation
✅ Adopted Joint Statement on AI Cooperation
✅ Adopted Joint Statement on Energy Resilience
✅ Launched India–Japan Cooperative Biogas for Growth (CBG) Initiative

🔆 AWARDS & RECOGNITIONS

📍 Sunil Bharti Mittal Receives USISPF Leadership Award 2026
✅ Honoured by US-India Strategic Partnership Forum
✅ Recognised for strengthening India–North America economic ties

📍 Nominations Invited for PM Rashtriya Bal Puraskar 2026
✅ Open for children aged 5–18 years
✅ Categories include Sports, Science & Technology, Environment, Bravery, Art & Culture and Social Service

🔆 SPORTS

📍 135th Durand Cup Schedule Announced
✅ Tournament from 25 July–23 August 2026
✅ Opening match and final in Kolkata
✅ Ranchi added as a new host city
✅ Oldest football tournament in Asia

🔆 SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

📍 India–Southeast Asia Submarine Cable Project Announced
✅ I-2SEA cable to connect India, Malaysia and Singapore
✅ Length: 3,600 km
✅ Completion target: Q4 2029
✅ Consortium includes Microsoft, Tata Communications and Singtel
✅ Landing station in India: Machilipatnam, Andhra Pradesh

🔆 DEFENCE

📍 Indian Army Launches VIJAY Roadmap
✅ Launched by Chief of Army Staff General Dhiraj Seth
✅ Vision to build a technology-driven future-ready Army
✅ Based on Decade of Transformation (2023–2032)
✅ Five pillars: Vigilance, Innovation, Jointness, Atmanirbharta and Yodha First

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🔆 ENVIRONMENT

📍 MoEFCC Launches ATS 4.0
✅ Organised by Zoological Survey of India
✅ Released Animal Discoveries–2025 and Plant Discoveries–2025
✅ 709 new faunal records documented
✅ 353 new plant taxa added to India’s floral database

📍 Community Initiative Protects Himalayan Ray-Finned Fish
✅ Conservation drive launched in East Kameng, Arunachal Pradesh
✅ Species: Schizothorax pelzami
✅ IUCN Status: Endangered
✅ Found in cold Himalayan rivers and streams

🔆 IMPORTANT DAYS

📍 World Sports Journalists Day 2026
✅ Observed on 2 July
✅ Commemorates the establishment of the International Sports Press Association

🔆 OBITUARY

📍 Lt Gen M. M. Lakhera Passes Away
✅ Former Governor of Mizoram and Puducherry
✅ Served with distinction in the Indian Army

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Japan 1 trillion investment

🔆 Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD)

Subject: Geography (GS-I)

📍 Why in Focus?
✅ With forecasts of a Super El Niño, meteorologists are assessing whether a 1997-like positive Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) could again offset its adverse impact on the Indian monsoon.

📍 What is the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD)?
✅ An ocean-atmosphere phenomenon characterized by the difference in Sea Surface Temperatures (SSTs) between the western and eastern tropical Indian Ocean.
✅ Also known as the “Indian Niño”.
✅ Plays a crucial role in influencing the Southwest Monsoon.

📍 1997 Example
✅ Despite one of the strongest El Niño events on record, India received 2% above-normal monsoon rainfall.
✅ The surplus rainfall was largely attributed to a strong Positive IOD, which offset El Niño’s drying effect.

📍 Phases of IOD
✅ Positive IOD: Western Indian Ocean warmer; eastern Indian Ocean cooler → Generally strengthens the Indian monsoon.
✅ Negative IOD: Eastern Indian Ocean warmer; western cooler → Weakens the monsoon and increases dry spells.
✅ Neutral IOD: Minimal SST difference between east and west; limited influence on monsoon.

📍 How is IOD Measured?
✅ Measured using the Dipole Mode Index (DMI).
✅ Positive DMI: Western Indian Ocean warmer than eastern.
✅ Negative DMI: Eastern Indian Ocean warmer than western.
✅ Current Status: Neutral IOD.

📍 Impact of IOD

✅ Positive IOD
✅ Enhances Southwest Monsoon over India.
✅ Above-normal rainfall in East Africa.
✅ Drought and bushfires in Indonesia and Australia.
✅ Can partially offset El Niño-induced monsoon deficiency.

✅ Negative IOD
✅ Suppresses monsoon rainfall over India.
✅ Heavy rainfall in Indonesia and Australia.
✅ Drier conditions over East Africa.

✅ Neutral IOD
✅ Near-normal ocean and atmospheric conditions with limited impact on seasonal rainfall.

📍 Current Outlook
✅ IMD forecasts a Neutral IOD during the 2026 monsoon season.
✅ Australian Bureau of Meteorology indicates only a small possibility of a weak Positive IOD during August–September.
✅ If a Positive IOD develops late, it is unlikely to significantly counter a strong El Niño.

📍 UPSC Value Addition
✅ IOD vs El Niño
✅ IOD originates in the Indian Ocean; El Niño originates in the Pacific Ocean.
✅ A Positive IOD can weaken the adverse impact of El Niño on the Indian monsoon, whereas a Negative IOD can amplify drought conditions.

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🔆 Indian Diaspora – Opportunities and Challenges

Subject: International Relations (GS-II)

📍 Why in News?
✅ Rising exclusion and strained U.S.–India relations have highlighted the identity and integration challenges faced by the Indian diaspora, especially in the United States.

📍 What is Diaspora?
✅ A diaspora refers to people who migrate from their homeland but continue to maintain cultural, emotional, economic, or political ties with their country of origin.

📍 Types of Diaspora
✅ Victim Diaspora – Migration due to war or persecution (e.g., Jews, Armenians).
✅ Labour Diaspora – Migration for employment (e.g., Indian professionals in the Gulf, US).
✅ Trade Diaspora – Merchant communities engaged in global trade.
✅ Imperial Diaspora – Migration linked to colonial expansion.
✅ De-territorialized Diaspora – Communities sharing cultural identity without a common homeland.
✅ Cultural Diaspora – Communities preserving cultural identity across generations.

📍 Opportunities Offered by the Indian Diaspora
✅ Record Remittances – India receives around US$135 billion, the highest globally.
✅ Investment & Entrepreneurship – Boosts FDI, startups, and innovation.
✅ Knowledge Transfer – Reverse brain drain through research and technology collaborations.
✅ Global Leadership – Indians head major global corporations and institutions.
✅ Strategic & Policy Advocacy – Strengthens India’s diplomatic and economic interests abroad.
✅ Cultural Diplomacy – Promotes Indian heritage, languages, and traditions globally.
✅ Tourism Promotion – Encourages heritage tourism through Know India Programme and Pravasi Bharatiya Divas.

📍 Key Challenges
✅ Rising racism, hate crimes, and anti-immigrant sentiment.
✅ Visa restrictions, green card backlogs, and immigration uncertainties.
✅ Labour exploitation under systems like Kafala in Gulf countries.
✅ Identity conflicts among second and third-generation migrants.
✅ Consular issues, NRI marital disputes, and social security portability.
✅ Increasing discrimination and exclusion faced by Indian Americans.

📍 Government Initiatives
✅ Indian Community Welfare Fund (ICWF).
✅ Pravasi Bharatiya Bima Yojana (PBBY).
✅ MADAD Portal for grievance redressal.
✅ Know India Programme (KIP).
✅ Overseas Citizen of India (OCI) Card.
✅ VAJRA, PRABHASS & VAIBHAV for research collaboration.
✅ Pravasi Bharatiya Divas (PBD) celebrated every 9 January.

📍 Way Forward
✅ Strengthen migration agreements and labour protection.
✅ Simplify diaspora investment procedures and promote dedicated investment instruments.
✅ Enhance welfare and legal assistance for overseas Indians.
✅ Expand cultural engagement programmes to strengthen ties with younger generations.

🔆 SECURE ANSWER WRITING PRACTICE QUESTION
Q. Discuss the opportunities and challenges associated with the Indian diaspora. Examine the measures taken by the Government of India to strengthen diaspora engagement. (15 Marks)

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